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OpenHands: moviepy

Pytest Summary for test tests

status count
failed 7
passed 21
total 28
collected 28

Failed pytests:

test_AudioClips.py::test_audio_coreader

test_AudioClips.py::test_audio_coreader
@skip_if_windows
    def test_audio_coreader():
>       sound = AudioFileClip("media/crunching.mp3")

tests/test_AudioClips.py:22: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
moviepy/audio/io/AudioFileClip.py:65: in __init__
    self.reader = FFMPEG_AudioReader(filename, fps=fps, nbytes=nbytes, buffersize=buffersize)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

self = 
filename = 'media/crunching.mp3', buffersize = 200000, print_infos = False
fps = 44100, nbytes = 2, nchannels = 2

    def __init__(self, filename, buffersize, print_infos=False, fps=44100, nbytes=2, nchannels=2):
        self.filename = filename
        self.nbytes = nbytes
        self.fps = fps
        self.f = 's%dle' % (8 * nbytes)
        self.acodec = 'pcm_s%dle' % (8 * nbytes)
        self.nchannels = nchannels
        infos = ffmpeg_parse_infos(filename)
>       self.duration = infos['duration']
E       TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable

moviepy/audio/io/readers.py:47: TypeError

test_AudioClips.py::test_audioclip_concat

test_AudioClips.py::test_audioclip_concat
def test_audioclip_concat():
        make_frame_440 = lambda t: [sin(440 * 2 * pi * t)]
        make_frame_880 = lambda t: [sin(880 * 2 * pi * t)]

        clip1 = AudioClip(make_frame_440, duration=1, fps=44100)
        clip2 = AudioClip(make_frame_880, duration=2, fps=22050)

        concat_clip = concatenate_audioclips((clip1, clip2))
        # concatenate_audioclips should return a clip with an fps of the greatest
        # fps passed into it
>       assert concat_clip.fps == 44100
E       AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'fps'

tests/test_AudioClips.py:42: AttributeError

test_AudioClips.py::test_audioclip_with_file_concat

test_AudioClips.py::test_audioclip_with_file_concat
@skip_if_windows
    def test_audioclip_with_file_concat():
        make_frame_440 = lambda t: [sin(440 * 2 * pi * t)]
        clip1 = AudioClip(make_frame_440, duration=1, fps=44100)

>       clip2 = AudioFileClip("media/crunching.mp3")

tests/test_AudioClips.py:55: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
moviepy/audio/io/AudioFileClip.py:65: in __init__
    self.reader = FFMPEG_AudioReader(filename, fps=fps, nbytes=nbytes, buffersize=buffersize)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

self = 
filename = 'media/crunching.mp3', buffersize = 200000, print_infos = False
fps = 44100, nbytes = 2, nchannels = 2

    def __init__(self, filename, buffersize, print_infos=False, fps=44100, nbytes=2, nchannels=2):
        self.filename = filename
        self.nbytes = nbytes
        self.fps = fps
        self.f = 's%dle' % (8 * nbytes)
        self.acodec = 'pcm_s%dle' % (8 * nbytes)
        self.nchannels = nchannels
        infos = ffmpeg_parse_infos(filename)
>       self.duration = infos['duration']
E       TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable

moviepy/audio/io/readers.py:47: TypeError

test_AudioClips.py::test_audiofileclip_concat

test_AudioClips.py::test_audiofileclip_concat
def test_audiofileclip_concat():
>       sound = AudioFileClip("media/crunching.mp3")

tests/test_AudioClips.py:67: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
moviepy/audio/io/AudioFileClip.py:65: in __init__
    self.reader = FFMPEG_AudioReader(filename, fps=fps, nbytes=nbytes, buffersize=buffersize)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

self = 
filename = 'media/crunching.mp3', buffersize = 200000, print_infos = False
fps = 44100, nbytes = 2, nchannels = 2

    def __init__(self, filename, buffersize, print_infos=False, fps=44100, nbytes=2, nchannels=2):
        self.filename = filename
        self.nbytes = nbytes
        self.fps = fps
        self.f = 's%dle' % (8 * nbytes)
        self.acodec = 'pcm_s%dle' % (8 * nbytes)
        self.nchannels = nchannels
        infos = ffmpeg_parse_infos(filename)
>       self.duration = infos['duration']
E       TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable

moviepy/audio/io/readers.py:47: TypeError

test_ffmpeg_reader.py::test_ffmpeg_parse_infos

test_ffmpeg_reader.py::test_ffmpeg_parse_infos
def test_ffmpeg_parse_infos():
        d=ffmpeg_parse_infos("media/big_buck_bunny_432_433.webm")
>       assert d['duration'] == 1.0
E       TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable

tests/test_ffmpeg_reader.py:12: TypeError

test_ffmpeg_reader.py::test_ffmpeg_parse_infos_for_i926

test_ffmpeg_reader.py::test_ffmpeg_parse_infos_for_i926
def test_ffmpeg_parse_infos_for_i926():
        d = ffmpeg_parse_infos("tests/resource/sintel_with_15_chapters.mp4")
>       assert d['audio_found']
E       TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not subscriptable

tests/test_ffmpeg_reader.py:29: TypeError

test_tools.py::test_sys_write_flush

test_tools.py::test_sys_write_flush
def test_sys_write_flush():
        """Test for sys_write-flush function. Check that stdout has no content after flushing."""
        tools.sys_write_flush("hello world")

        file = sys.stdout.read()
>       assert file == b""
E       AssertionError: assert '' == b''

tests/test_tools.py:62: AssertionError

Patch diff

diff --git a/moviepy/Clip.py b/moviepy/Clip.py
index da22c72..a997734 100644
--- a/moviepy/Clip.py
+++ b/moviepy/Clip.py
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ class Clip:
         self.memoize = False
         self.memoized_t = None
         self.memoize_frame = None
+        self.make_frame = None

     def copy(self):
         """ Shallow copy of the clip. 
@@ -51,7 +52,12 @@ class Clip:
         there is an outplace transformation of the clip (clip.resize,
         clip.subclip, etc.)
         """
-        pass
+        newclip = copy(self)
+        if hasattr(self, 'audio'):
+            newclip.audio = copy(self.audio)
+        if hasattr(self, 'mask'):
+            newclip.mask = copy(self.mask)
+        return newclip

     @convert_to_seconds(['t'])
     def get_frame(self, t):
@@ -59,7 +65,19 @@ class Clip:
         Gets a numpy array representing the RGB picture of the clip at time t
         or (mono or stereo) value for a sound clip
         """
-        pass
+        if self.make_frame is None:
+            raise ValueError("No make_frame attribute in this clip.")
+
+        if self.memoize:
+            if t == self.memoized_t:
+                return self.memoized_frame
+            else:
+                frame = self.make_frame(t)
+                self.memoized_t = t
+                self.memoized_frame = frame
+                return frame
+        else:
+            return self.make_frame(t)

     def fl(self, fun, apply_to=None, keep_duration=True):
         """ General processing of a clip.
@@ -98,7 +116,31 @@ class Clip:
         >>> newclip = clip.fl(fl, apply_to='mask')

         """
-        pass
+        newclip = self.copy()
+
+        if not hasattr(newclip, 'make_frame'):
+            newclip.make_frame = None
+
+        def make_frame(t):
+            return fun(self.get_frame, t)
+
+        newclip.make_frame = make_frame
+
+        if not keep_duration:
+            newclip.duration = None
+
+        if apply_to is not None:
+            if isinstance(apply_to, str):
+                apply_to = [apply_to]
+
+            for attr in apply_to:
+                if hasattr(newclip, attr):
+                    a = getattr(newclip, attr)
+                    if a is not None:
+                        new_a = a.fl(fun, keep_duration=keep_duration)
+                        setattr(newclip, attr, new_a)
+
+        return newclip

     def fl_time(self, t_func, apply_to=None, keep_duration=False):
         """
@@ -131,7 +173,7 @@ class Clip:
         >>> newclip = clip.fl_time(lambda: 3-t)

         """
-        pass
+        return self.fl(lambda gf, t: gf(t_func(t)), apply_to, keep_duration)

     def fx(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
         """
@@ -154,7 +196,7 @@ class Clip:
         >>> resize( volumex( mirrorx( clip ), 0.5), 0.3)

         """
-        pass
+        return func(self, *args, **kwargs)

     @apply_to_mask
     @apply_to_audio
@@ -178,7 +220,11 @@ class Clip:
         These changes are also applied to the ``audio`` and ``mask``
         clips of the current clip, if they exist.
         """
-        pass
+        self.start = t
+        if (self.duration is not None) and change_end:
+            self.end = t + self.duration
+        elif (self.end is not None) and not change_end:
+            self.duration = self.end - self.start

     @apply_to_mask
     @apply_to_audio
@@ -192,7 +238,12 @@ class Clip:
         Also sets the duration of the mask and audio, if any,
         of the returned clip.
         """
-        pass
+        self.end = t
+        if self.start is None:
+            if self.duration is not None:
+                self.start = t - self.duration
+        else:
+            self.duration = self.end - self.start

     @apply_to_mask
     @apply_to_audio
@@ -209,7 +260,13 @@ class Clip:
         be modified in function of the duration and the preset end
         of the clip.
         """
-        pass
+        self.duration = t
+        if change_end:
+            self.end = None if (t is None) else (self.start + t)
+        else:
+            if self.end is None:
+                raise ValueError("Can't change start of clip with undefined end.")
+            self.start = self.end - t

     @outplace
     def set_make_frame(self, make_frame):
@@ -217,23 +274,26 @@ class Clip:
         Sets a ``make_frame`` attribute for the clip. Useful for setting
         arbitrary/complicated videoclips.
         """
-        pass
+        self.make_frame = make_frame

     @outplace
     def set_fps(self, fps):
         """ Returns a copy of the clip with a new default fps for functions like
         write_videofile, iterframe, etc. """
-        pass
+        self.fps = fps

     @outplace
     def set_ismask(self, ismask):
         """ Says wheter the clip is a mask or not (ismask is a boolean)"""
-        pass
+        self.ismask = ismask

     @outplace
     def set_memoize(self, memoize):
         """ Sets wheter the clip should keep the last frame read in memory """
-        pass
+        self.memoize = memoize
+        if not memoize:
+            self.memoized_t = None
+            self.memoized_frame = None

     @convert_to_seconds(['t'])
     def is_playing(self, t):
@@ -246,7 +306,24 @@ class Clip:
         theclip, else returns a vector [b_1, b_2, b_3...] where b_i
         is true iff tti is in the clip.
         """
-        pass
+        if isinstance(t, np.ndarray):
+            # Array case
+            tmin, tmax = t.min(), t.max()
+            
+            if (self.end is not None) and (tmin >= self.end):
+                return False
+            
+            if tmax < self.start:
+                return False
+            
+            # All times are in the clip
+            result = (t >= self.start)
+            if self.end is not None:
+                result = result & (t <= self.end)
+            return result
+        else:
+            # Single time case
+            return (t >= self.start) and ((self.end is None) or (t <= self.end))

     @convert_to_seconds(['t_start', 't_end'])
     @apply_to_mask
@@ -272,7 +349,30 @@ class Clip:
         subclips of ``mask`` and ``audio`` the original clip, if
         they exist.
         """
-        pass
+        if t_start < 0:
+            # Make this more intuitive
+            if self.duration is None:
+                raise ValueError("Subclip with negative times can only be"
+                               " extracted from clips with a duration")
+            t_start = self.duration + t_start
+
+        if t_end is None:
+            t_end = self.duration
+        elif t_end < 0:
+            if self.duration is None:
+                raise ValueError("Subclip with negative times can only be"
+                               " extracted from clips with a duration")
+            t_end = self.duration + t_end
+
+        newclip = self.copy()
+
+        if t_start is None:
+            t_start = 0
+        newclip.start = t_start
+        newclip.end = t_end
+        newclip.duration = t_end - t_start
+
+        return newclip

     @apply_to_mask
     @apply_to_audio
@@ -290,7 +390,22 @@ class Clip:
         The resulting clip's ``audio`` and ``mask`` will also be cutout
         if they exist.
         """
-        pass
+        newclip = self.copy()
+        if tb is None:
+            tb = self.duration
+        
+        def make_frame(t):
+            if t < ta:
+                return self.get_frame(t)
+            else:
+                return self.get_frame(t + (tb - ta))
+        
+        newclip.make_frame = make_frame
+        
+        if self.duration is not None:
+            newclip.duration = self.duration - (tb - ta)
+        
+        return newclip

     @requires_duration
     @use_clip_fps_by_default
@@ -319,13 +434,50 @@ class Clip:
         >>> print ( [frame[0,:,0].max()
                      for frame in myclip.iter_frames()])
         """
-        pass
+        logger = proglog.default_bar_logger(logger)
+        
+        if fps is None:
+            fps = self.fps
+            
+        if fps is None:
+            raise ValueError("No fps attribute specified")
+            
+        # Compute the total number of frames
+        total_frames = int(self.duration * fps)
+        times = np.linspace(0, self.duration, total_frames + 1)[:-1]
+        
+        if dtype is not None:
+            def get_frame(t):
+                frame = self.get_frame(t)
+                if dtype != frame.dtype:
+                    return frame.astype(dtype)
+                return frame
+        else:
+            get_frame = self.get_frame
+            
+        logger.new_bar_segment(total_frames)
+        
+        for i, t in enumerate(times):
+            logger.bar_update(i)
+            frame = get_frame(t)
+            if with_times:
+                yield t, frame
+            else:
+                yield frame
+                
+        logger.bar_close()

     def close(self):
         """ 
             Release any resources that are in use.
         """
-        pass
+        if hasattr(self, 'audio') and self.audio is not None:
+            self.audio.close()
+        if hasattr(self, 'mask') and self.mask is not None:
+            self.mask.close()
+        if hasattr(self, 'make_frame'):
+            self.make_frame = None
+        self.memoized_frame = None

     def __enter__(self):
         return self
diff --git a/moviepy/config.py b/moviepy/config.py
index 985e1ff..100fcb1 100644
--- a/moviepy/config.py
+++ b/moviepy/config.py
@@ -2,6 +2,16 @@ import os
 import subprocess as sp
 from .compat import DEVNULL
 from .config_defaults import FFMPEG_BINARY, IMAGEMAGICK_BINARY
+
+def try_cmd(cmd):
+    """Try to execute a command and return (success, stderr output)."""
+    try:
+        process = sp.Popen(cmd, stdout=DEVNULL, stderr=sp.PIPE)
+        _, error = process.communicate()
+        success = process.returncode == 0
+        return success, error
+    except Exception as e:
+        return False, str(e)
 if os.name == 'nt':
     try:
         import winreg as wr
@@ -44,11 +54,30 @@ else:

 def get_setting(varname):
     """ Returns the value of a configuration variable. """
-    pass
+    if varname == "FFMPEG_BINARY":
+        return FFMPEG_BINARY
+    elif varname == "IMAGEMAGICK_BINARY":
+        return IMAGEMAGICK_BINARY
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown setting {varname}")

 def change_settings(new_settings=None, filename=None):
     """ Changes the value of configuration variables."""
-    pass
+    global FFMPEG_BINARY, IMAGEMAGICK_BINARY
+    
+    if new_settings is None:
+        new_settings = {}
+    
+    if filename is not None:
+        # Load settings from file
+        with open(filename) as f:
+            exec(f.read(), globals())
+    
+    # Update with new settings
+    if "FFMPEG_BINARY" in new_settings:
+        FFMPEG_BINARY = new_settings["FFMPEG_BINARY"]
+    if "IMAGEMAGICK_BINARY" in new_settings:
+        IMAGEMAGICK_BINARY = new_settings["IMAGEMAGICK_BINARY"]
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     if try_cmd([FFMPEG_BINARY])[0]:
         print('MoviePy : ffmpeg successfully found.')
diff --git a/moviepy/decorators.py b/moviepy/decorators.py
index d7484af..6c47edb 100644
--- a/moviepy/decorators.py
+++ b/moviepy/decorators.py
@@ -7,29 +7,42 @@ from moviepy.tools import cvsecs
 @decorator.decorator
 def outplace(f, clip, *a, **k):
     """ Applies f(clip.copy(), *a, **k) and returns clip.copy()"""
-    pass
+    newclip = clip.copy()
+    f(newclip, *a, **k)
+    return newclip

 @decorator.decorator
 def convert_masks_to_RGB(f, clip, *a, **k):
     """ If the clip is a mask, convert it to RGB before running the function """
-    pass
+    if clip.ismask:
+        clip = clip.rgb_mode()
+    return f(clip, *a, **k)

 @decorator.decorator
 def apply_to_mask(f, clip, *a, **k):
     """ This decorator will apply the same function f to the mask of
         the clip created with f """
-    pass
+    newclip = f(clip, *a, **k)
+    if getattr(clip, 'mask', None) is not None:
+        newclip.mask = f(clip.mask, *a, **k)
+    return newclip

 @decorator.decorator
 def apply_to_audio(f, clip, *a, **k):
     """ This decorator will apply the function f to the audio of
         the clip created with f """
-    pass
+    newclip = f(clip, *a, **k)
+    if getattr(clip, 'audio', None) is not None:
+        newclip.audio = f(clip.audio, *a, **k)
+    return newclip

 @decorator.decorator
 def requires_duration(f, clip, *a, **k):
     """ Raise an error if the clip has no duration."""
-    pass
+    if clip.duration is None:
+        raise ValueError("Attribute 'duration' not set")
+    else:
+        return f(clip, *a, **k)

 @decorator.decorator
 def audio_video_fx(f, clip, *a, **k):
@@ -39,22 +52,44 @@ def audio_video_fx(f, clip, *a, **k):
     can be also used on a video clip, at which case it returns a
     videoclip with unmodified video and modified audio.
     """
-    pass
+    if hasattr(clip, 'audio'):
+        newclip = clip.copy()
+        if clip.audio is not None:
+            newclip.audio = f(clip.audio, *a, **k)
+        return newclip
+    else:
+        return f(clip, *a, **k)

 def preprocess_args(fun, varnames):
     """ Applies fun to variables in varnames before launching the function """
-    pass
+    def wrapper(f, *a, **kw):
+        if hasattr(f, '__code__'):
+            names = f.__code__.co_varnames
+        else:
+            names = getattr(f, 'func', f).__code__.co_varnames
+        
+        new_a = [fun(arg) if (name in varnames) and (arg is not None)
+                else arg
+                for (arg, name) in zip(a, names)]
+        new_kw = {k: fun(v) if k in varnames else v
+                 for (k, v) in kw.items()}
+        return f(*new_a, **new_kw)
+    return decorator.decorator(wrapper)

 def convert_to_seconds(varnames):
     """Converts the specified variables to seconds"""
-    pass
+    return preprocess_args(cvsecs, varnames)

 @decorator.decorator
 def add_mask_if_none(f, clip, *a, **k):
     """ Add a mask to the clip if there is none. """
-    pass
+    if clip.mask is None:
+        clip = clip.add_mask()
+    return f(clip, *a, **k)

 @decorator.decorator
 def use_clip_fps_by_default(f, clip, *a, **k):
     """ Will use clip.fps if no fps=... is provided in **k """
-    pass
\ No newline at end of file
+    if 'fps' not in k and hasattr(clip, 'fps') and clip.fps is not None:
+        k['fps'] = clip.fps
+    return f(clip, *a, **k)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/moviepy/tools.py b/moviepy/tools.py
index 50c37e9..afda8e9 100644
--- a/moviepy/tools.py
+++ b/moviepy/tools.py
@@ -10,23 +10,54 @@ from .compat import DEVNULL

 def sys_write_flush(s):
     """ Writes and flushes without delay a text in the console """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(s, bytes):
+        sys.stdout.buffer.write(s)
+    else:
+        sys.stdout.write(s)
+    sys.stdout.flush()

 def verbose_print(verbose, s):
     """ Only prints s (with sys_write_flush) if verbose is True."""
-    pass
+    if verbose:
+        sys_write_flush(s)

 def subprocess_call(cmd, logger='bar', errorprint=True):
     """ Executes the given subprocess command.

     Set logger to None or a custom Proglog logger to avoid printings.
     """
-    pass
+    if logger == 'bar':
+        logger = proglog.default_bar_logger('bar')
+    
+    try:
+        popen_params = {
+            "stdout": DEVNULL,
+            "stderr": sp.PIPE,
+            "stdin": DEVNULL
+        }
+        
+        proc = sp.Popen(cmd, **popen_params)
+        
+        out, err = proc.communicate()
+        
+        if proc.returncode:
+            if errorprint and err is not None:
+                sys_write_flush(err.decode('utf8'))
+            raise IOError(err.decode('utf8'))
+        
+        return proc
+    except Exception as e:
+        if errorprint:
+            sys_write_flush("Moviepy Error: failed command:\n%s\n" % ' '.join(cmd))
+        raise IOError("Moviepy Error: failed command:\n%s\n" % ' '.join(cmd))

 def is_string(obj):
     """ Returns true if s is string or string-like object,
     compatible with Python 2 and Python 3."""
-    pass
+    try:
+        return isinstance(obj, str)
+    except Exception:
+        return False

 def cvsecs(time):
     """ Will convert any time into seconds. 
@@ -51,7 +82,39 @@ def cvsecs(time):
     >>> cvsecs('33.5')      # only secs
     33.5
     """
-    pass
+    if time is None:
+        return None
+        
+    if isinstance(time, (int, float)):
+        return float(time)
+    
+    if isinstance(time, (tuple, list)):
+        if len(time) == 1:
+            return float(time[0])
+        elif len(time) == 2:
+            return float(time[0]) * 60 + float(time[1])
+        elif len(time) == 3:
+            return float(time[0]) * 3600 + float(time[1]) * 60 + float(time[2])
+    
+    if isinstance(time, str):
+        # Handle comma as decimal separator
+        time = time.replace(',', '.')
+        
+        if ':' not in time:
+            # Just seconds
+            return float(time)
+        
+        parts = time.split(':')
+        parts = [float(p) for p in parts]
+        
+        if len(parts) == 2:
+            # Minutes and seconds
+            return parts[0] * 60 + parts[1]
+        elif len(parts) == 3:
+            # Hours, minutes and seconds
+            return parts[0] * 3600 + parts[1] * 60 + parts[2]
+    
+    return time

 def deprecated_version_of(f, oldname, newname=None):
     """ Indicates that a function is deprecated and has a new name.
@@ -78,7 +141,31 @@ def deprecated_version_of(f, oldname, newname=None):
     >>>
     >>> Clip.to_file = deprecated_version_of(Clip.write_file, 'to_file')
     """
-    pass
+    if newname is None:
+        newname = f.__name__
+
+    warning = ("The function ``%s`` is deprecated and is kept temporarily "
+              "for backwards compatibility.\nPlease use the new name "
+              "``%s`` instead.") % (oldname, newname)
+
+    def deprecated(*args, **kwargs):
+        warnings.warn("MoviePy: " + warning, PendingDeprecationWarning)
+        return f(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    deprecated.__doc__ = warning
+
+    return deprecated
 extensions_dict = {'mp4': {'type': 'video', 'codec': ['libx264', 'libmpeg4', 'aac']}, 'ogv': {'type': 'video', 'codec': ['libtheora']}, 'webm': {'type': 'video', 'codec': ['libvpx']}, 'avi': {'type': 'video'}, 'mov': {'type': 'video'}, 'ogg': {'type': 'audio', 'codec': ['libvorbis']}, 'mp3': {'type': 'audio', 'codec': ['libmp3lame']}, 'wav': {'type': 'audio', 'codec': ['pcm_s16le', 'pcm_s24le', 'pcm_s32le']}, 'm4a': {'type': 'audio', 'codec': ['libfdk_aac']}}
 for ext in ['jpg', 'jpeg', 'png', 'bmp', 'tiff']:
-    extensions_dict[ext] = {'type': 'image'}
\ No newline at end of file
+    extensions_dict[ext] = {'type': 'image'}
+
+def find_extension(codec):
+    """ Returns the extension associated with a codec."""
+    if codec is None:
+        raise ValueError("Codec is None")
+        
+    for ext, props in extensions_dict.items():
+        if 'codec' in props and codec in props['codec']:
+            return ext
+            
+    raise ValueError(f"No extension found for codec {codec}")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/moviepy/utils.py b/moviepy/utils.py
index a647626..6c5ff89 100644
--- a/moviepy/utils.py
+++ b/moviepy/utils.py
@@ -1,4 +1,20 @@
 from moviepy.audio.io.AudioFileClip import AudioFileClip
 from moviepy.video.io.VideoFileClip import VideoFileClip
 from moviepy.video.VideoClip import ImageClip
-CLIP_TYPES = {'audio': AudioFileClip, 'video': VideoFileClip, 'image': ImageClip}
\ No newline at end of file
+
+CLIP_TYPES = {'audio': AudioFileClip, 'video': VideoFileClip, 'image': ImageClip}
+
+def close_all_clips(objects=None):
+    """Closes all the clips that are passed as arguments or that exist in the global scope.
+    
+    This is useful to make sure that all files are closed when leaving a session.
+    """
+    if objects is None:
+        objects = list(globals().values())
+    
+    if not isinstance(objects, (list, tuple)):
+        objects = [objects]
+    
+    for obj in objects:
+        if hasattr(obj, 'close'):
+            obj.close()
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/moviepy/video/VideoClip.py b/moviepy/video/VideoClip.py
index c6694e2..765df74 100644
--- a/moviepy/video/VideoClip.py
+++ b/moviepy/video/VideoClip.py
@@ -95,7 +95,13 @@ class VideoClip(Clip):
         the alpha layer of the picture (only works with PNGs).

         """
-        pass
+        im = self.get_frame(t)
+        if withmask and self.mask is not None:
+            mask = 255 * self.mask.get_frame(t)
+            im = np.dstack([im, mask]).astype('uint8')
+        else:
+            im = im.astype("uint8")
+        imsave(filename, im)

     @requires_duration
     @use_clip_fps_by_default
@@ -212,7 +218,48 @@ class VideoClip(Clip):
         >>> clip.close()

         """
-        pass
+        if codec is None:
+            name, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
+            try:
+                codec = extensions_dict[ext[1:]]['codec'][0]
+            except:
+                raise ValueError("MoviePy couldn't find the codec associated "
+                               "with the filename. Provide the 'codec' "
+                               "parameter in write_videofile.")
+
+        if audio_codec is None:
+            if codec == 'libx264':
+                audio_codec = 'aac'
+            elif codec == 'libvpx':
+                audio_codec = 'libvorbis'
+            else:
+                audio_codec = 'libmp3lame'
+
+        if audio is True:
+            audio = self.audio
+
+        if audio is not None:
+            if temp_audiofile is None:
+                temp_audiofile = os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + '_temp_audio.m4a'
+
+            if not rewrite_audio and os.path.exists(temp_audiofile):
+                logger.info("Reusing existing audio file: %s" % temp_audiofile)
+            else:
+                logger.info("Writing audio in %s" % temp_audiofile)
+                audio.write_audiofile(temp_audiofile, audio_fps, audio_nbytes,
+                                    audio_bufsize, audio_codec, audio_bitrate,
+                                    write_logfile=write_logfile, verbose=verbose)
+
+        logger.info("Writing video in %s" % filename)
+
+        ffmpeg_write_video(self, filename, fps, codec, bitrate, preset,
+                          write_logfile=write_logfile, audiofile=temp_audiofile,
+                          verbose=verbose, threads=threads,
+                          ffmpeg_params=ffmpeg_params, logger=logger)
+
+        if remove_temp and audio is not None:
+            if os.path.exists(temp_audiofile):
+                os.remove(temp_audiofile)

     @requires_duration
     @use_clip_fps_by_default
@@ -257,7 +304,31 @@ class VideoClip(Clip):
         ``ImageSequenceClip``.

         """
-        pass
+        logger = proglog.default_bar_logger(logger)
+        
+        # Create output directory if it doesn't exist
+        output_dir = os.path.dirname(nameformat)
+        if output_dir and not os.path.exists(output_dir):
+            os.makedirs(output_dir)
+            
+        # Get total number of frames
+        total_frames = int(self.duration * fps)
+        times = np.linspace(0, self.duration, total_frames + 1)[:-1]
+        
+        # Initialize list to store filenames
+        filenames = []
+        
+        logger.new_bar_segment(total_frames)
+        
+        for i, t in enumerate(times):
+            name = nameformat % i
+            filenames.append(name)
+            self.save_frame(name, t, withmask=withmask)
+            logger.bar_update(i)
+            
+        logger.bar_close()
+        
+        return filenames

     @requires_duration
     @convert_masks_to_RGB
@@ -312,7 +383,23 @@ class VideoClip(Clip):
             >>> myClip.speedx(0.5).to_gif('myClip.gif')

         """
-        pass
+        if fps is None:
+            fps = self.fps
+
+        if fps is None:
+            raise ValueError("No fps attribute specified")
+
+        if program == 'imageio':
+            write_gif_with_image_io(self, filename, fps=fps, opt=opt, loop=loop,
+                                  verbose=verbose, colors=colors, logger=logger)
+        elif tempfiles:
+            write_gif_with_tempfiles(self, filename, fps=fps, program=program,
+                                   opt=opt, fuzz=fuzz, verbose=verbose,
+                                   dispose=dispose, colors=colors, logger=logger)
+        else:
+            write_gif(self, filename, fps=fps, program=program, opt=opt,
+                     fuzz=fuzz, verbose=verbose, dispose=dispose,
+                     colors=colors, logger=logger)

     def subfx(self, fx, ta=0, tb=None, **kwargs):
         """Apply a transformation to a part of the clip.
@@ -329,14 +416,26 @@ class VideoClip(Clip):
         >>> newclip = clip.subapply(lambda c:c.speedx(0.5) , 3,6)

         """
-        pass
+        left = None if ta == 0 else self.subclip(0, ta)
+        center = self.subclip(ta, tb).fx(fx, **kwargs)
+        right = None if tb is None else self.subclip(tb, self.duration)
+
+        clips = [c for c in [left, center, right] if c is not None]
+
+        # If there's only one clip (like when ta=0, tb=None), just return it
+        if len(clips) == 1:
+            return clips[0]
+
+        # Concatenate the clips
+        from moviepy.video.compositing.concatenate import concatenate_videoclips
+        return concatenate_videoclips(clips)

     def fl_image(self, image_func, apply_to=None):
         """
         Modifies the images of a clip by replacing the frame
         `get_frame(t)` by another frame,  `image_func(get_frame(t))`
         """
-        pass
+        return self.fl(lambda gf, t: image_func(gf(t)), apply_to=apply_to)

     def blit_on(self, picture, t):
         """
@@ -344,7 +443,35 @@ class VideoClip(Clip):
         on the given `picture`, the position of the clip being given
         by the clip's ``pos`` attribute. Meant for compositing.
         """
-        pass
+        hf, wf = framesize = picture.shape[:2]
+        
+        if self.ismask and picture.max() != 0:
+            return np.minimum(1, picture + self.blit_on(np.zeros(framesize), t))
+            
+        picture = picture.copy()
+        
+        # Get the current frame
+        img = self.get_frame(t)
+        mask = None
+        if self.mask is not None:
+            mask = self.mask.get_frame(t)
+            
+        hi, wi = img.shape[:2]
+        
+        # Get position of clip
+        pos = self.pos(t)
+        
+        # Convert relative position to absolute position
+        if self.relative_pos:
+            pos = (pos[0] * wf, pos[1] * hf)
+            
+        # Compute coordinates of clip in the final picture
+        xt, yt = int(pos[0]), int(pos[1])
+        
+        # Blit the clip onto the picture
+        blit(img, picture, xt, yt, mask=mask)
+        
+        return picture

     def add_mask(self):
         """Add a mask VideoClip to the VideoClip.
@@ -356,7 +483,13 @@ class VideoClip(Clip):
         Set ``constant_size`` to  `False` for clips with moving
         image size.
         """
-        pass
+        if self.has_constant_size:
+            mask = ColorClip(self.size, 1.0, ismask=True)
+            return self.set_mask(mask.set_duration(self.duration))
+        else:
+            make_frame = lambda t: np.ones(self.get_frame(t).shape[:2], dtype=float)
+            mask = VideoClip(make_frame, ismask=True)
+            return self.set_mask(mask.set_duration(self.duration))

     def on_color(self, size=None, color=(0, 0, 0), pos=None, col_opacity=None):
         """Place the clip on a colored background.
@@ -383,7 +516,29 @@ class VideoClip(Clip):
           background.

         """
-        pass
+        from moviepy.video.compositing.CompositeVideoClip import CompositeVideoClip
+        
+        if size is None:
+            size = self.size
+            
+        if pos is None:
+            pos = 'center'
+            
+        colorclip = ColorClip(size, color)
+        
+        if col_opacity is not None:
+            colorclip = colorclip.set_opacity(col_opacity)
+            
+        if self.duration is not None:
+            colorclip = colorclip.set_duration(self.duration)
+            
+        result = CompositeVideoClip([colorclip, self.set_position(pos)],
+                                  transparent=(col_opacity is not None))
+                                  
+        if self.mask is not None:
+            return result.set_mask(self.mask)
+            
+        return result

     @outplace
     def set_make_frame(self, mf):
@@ -392,7 +547,9 @@ class VideoClip(Clip):
         Returns a copy of the VideoClip instance, with the make_frame
         attribute set to `mf`.
         """
-        pass
+        self.make_frame = mf
+        if hasattr(self, 'size'):
+            del self.size

     @outplace
     def set_audio(self, audioclip):
@@ -401,7 +558,7 @@ class VideoClip(Clip):
         Returns a copy of the VideoClip instance, with the `audio`
         attribute set to ``audio``, which must be an AudioClip instance.
         """
-        pass
+        self.audio = audioclip

     @outplace
     def set_mask(self, mask):
@@ -409,7 +566,7 @@ class VideoClip(Clip):

         Returns a copy of the VideoClip with the mask attribute set to
         ``mask``, which must be a greyscale (values in 0-1) VideoClip"""
-        pass
+        self.mask = mask

     @add_mask_if_none
     @outplace
@@ -419,7 +576,7 @@ class VideoClip(Clip):
         Returns a semi-transparent copy of the clip where the mask is
         multiplied by ``op`` (any float, normally between 0 and 1).
         """
-        pass
+        self.mask = self.mask.fl_image(lambda pic: op * pic)

     @apply_to_mask
     @outplace
@@ -447,7 +604,12 @@ class VideoClip(Clip):
         >>> clip.set_position(lambda t: ('center', 50+t) )

         """
-        pass
+        self.relative_pos = relative
+        
+        if hasattr(pos, '__call__'):
+            self.pos = pos
+        else:
+            self.pos = lambda t: pos

     @convert_to_seconds(['t'])
     def to_ImageClip(self, t=0, with_mask=True, duration=None):
@@ -456,15 +618,30 @@ class VideoClip(Clip):
         which can be expressed in seconds (15.35), in (min, sec),
         in (hour, min, sec), or as a string: '01:03:05.35'.
         """
-        pass
+        newclip = ImageClip(self.get_frame(t), ismask=self.ismask)
+        if with_mask and self.mask is not None:
+            newclip.mask = ImageClip(self.mask.get_frame(t), ismask=True)
+        if duration is not None:
+            newclip.duration = duration
+        return newclip

     def to_mask(self, canal=0):
         """Return a mask a video clip made from the clip."""
-        pass
+        if self.ismask:
+            return self
+        else:
+            newclip = self.fl_image(lambda pic: 1.0 * pic[:, :, canal] / 255)
+            newclip.ismask = True
+            return newclip

     def to_RGB(self):
         """Return a non-mask video clip made from the mask video clip."""
-        pass
+        if self.ismask:
+            newclip = self.fl_image(lambda pic: np.dstack(3 * [255 * pic]))
+            newclip.ismask = False
+            return newclip
+        else:
+            return self

     @outplace
     def without_audio(self):
@@ -473,7 +650,7 @@ class VideoClip(Clip):
         Return a copy of the clip with audio set to None.

         """
-        pass
+        self.audio = None

     @outplace
     def afx(self, fun, *a, **k):
@@ -482,7 +659,7 @@ class VideoClip(Clip):
         Return a new clip whose audio has been transformed by ``fun``.

         """
-        pass
+        self.audio = fun(self.audio, *a, **k)

 class DataVideoClip(VideoClip):
     """
@@ -592,6 +769,7 @@ class ImageClip(VideoClip):
         VideoClip.__init__(self, ismask=ismask, duration=duration)
         if isinstance(img, string_types):
             img = imread(img)
+            
         if len(img.shape) == 3:
             if img.shape[2] == 4:
                 if fromalpha:
@@ -601,7 +779,26 @@ class ImageClip(VideoClip):
                 elif transparent:
                     self.mask = ImageClip(1.0 * img[:, :, 3] / 255, ismask=True)
                     img = img[:, :, :3]
-            elif ismask:
+            elif ismask and img.shape[2] == 3:
+                img = img.mean(axis=2)
+                
+        # Convert to float
+        if img.dtype != 'float':
+            img = 1.0 * img / 255
+            
+        # Save the image and its size
+        self.img = img
+        self.size = self.img.shape[:2][::-1]
+        self.w, self.h = self.size
+        
+        # Generate a mask if required
+        if not ismask and transparent:
+            self.mask = ImageClip(np.ones(self.size[::-1]), ismask=True)
+            
+        def make_frame(t):
+            return self.img
+            
+        self.make_frame = make_frame
                 img = 1.0 * img[:, :, 0] / 255
         self.make_frame = lambda t: img
         self.size = img.shape[:2][::-1]
diff --git a/moviepy/video/fx/resize.py b/moviepy/video/fx/resize.py
index 257d73f..54bb409 100644
--- a/moviepy/video/fx/resize.py
+++ b/moviepy/video/fx/resize.py
@@ -1,12 +1,23 @@
 resize_possible = True
+resizer = None
+
 try:
     import cv2
     import numpy as np
+    def cv2_resize(pic, newsize):
+        return cv2.resize(pic, tuple(map(int, newsize[::-1])))
+    resizer = cv2_resize
     resizer.origin = 'cv2'
 except ImportError:
     try:
         from PIL import Image
         import numpy as np
+        def pil_resize(pic, newsize):
+            newsize = tuple(map(int, newsize[::-1]))
+            img = Image.fromarray(pic)
+            img = img.resize(newsize, Image.BILINEAR)
+            return np.array(img)
+        resizer = pil_resize
         resizer.origin = 'PIL'
     except ImportError:
         try:
@@ -47,7 +58,50 @@ def resize(clip, newsize=None, height=None, width=None, apply_to_mask=True):
     >>> myClip.resize(lambda t : 1+0.02*t) # slow swelling of the clip

     """
-    pass
+    if not resize_possible:
+        raise ImportError("No module can be found for video resizing. Install either OpenCV or Pillow.")
+
+    if newsize is not None:
+        if hasattr(newsize, '__call__'):
+            def get_newsize(t):
+                ns = newsize(t)
+                if isinstance(ns, (int, float)):
+                    return [ns * clip.size[0], ns * clip.size[1]]
+                else:
+                    return ns
+            
+            newsize_aux = get_newsize
+        else:
+            if isinstance(newsize, (int, float)):
+                newsize = [newsize * clip.size[0], newsize * clip.size[1]]
+            
+            newsize_aux = lambda t: newsize
+
+    elif height is not None:
+        if hasattr(height, '__call__'):
+            newsize_aux = lambda t: [height(t) * clip.w / clip.h, height(t)]
+        else:
+            newsize_aux = lambda t: [height * clip.w / clip.h, height]
+
+    elif width is not None:
+        if hasattr(width, '__call__'):
+            newsize_aux = lambda t: [width(t), width(t) * clip.h / clip.w]
+        else:
+            newsize_aux = lambda t: [width, width * clip.h / clip.w]
+
+    else:
+        raise ValueError('No new size provided! Use newsize, height, or width.')
+
+    def transform(get_frame, t):
+        img = get_frame(t)
+        return resizer(img, newsize_aux(t))
+
+    newclip = clip.transform(transform, keep_duration=True)
+
+    if apply_to_mask and clip.mask is not None:
+        newclip.mask = resize(clip.mask, newsize, height, width, apply_to_mask=False)
+
+    return newclip
 if not resize_possible:
     doc = resize.__doc__
     resize.__doc__ = doc
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/moviepy/video/tools/credits.py b/moviepy/video/tools/credits.py
index 3a97163..2bb9343 100644
--- a/moviepy/video/tools/credits.py
+++ b/moviepy/video/tools/credits.py
@@ -68,4 +68,89 @@ def credits1(creditfile, width, stretch=30, color='white', stroke_color='black',
                 Music Supervisor    JEAN DIDIER

     """
-    pass
\ No newline at end of file
+    # Parse the credit file
+    with open(creditfile) as f:
+        lines = f.readlines()
+
+    # Initialize variables
+    texts = []
+    current_job = None
+    current_names = []
+    total_height = 0
+    max_job_width = 0
+    max_name_width = 0
+
+    # Process each line
+    for line in lines:
+        line = line.strip()
+        
+        # Skip comments
+        if line.startswith('#'):
+            continue
+            
+        # Handle blank lines
+        if line.startswith('.blank'):
+            try:
+                n_blanks = int(line.split()[1])
+                total_height += n_blanks * fontsize
+            except:
+                total_height += fontsize
+            continue
+            
+        # Handle job titles
+        if line.startswith('..'):
+            # Save previous job if exists
+            if current_job is not None:
+                job_clip = TextClip(current_job, font=font, fontsize=fontsize, color=color,
+                                  stroke_color=stroke_color, stroke_width=stroke_width)
+                max_job_width = max(max_job_width, job_clip.w)
+                
+                for name in current_names:
+                    name_clip = TextClip(name, font=font, fontsize=fontsize, color=color,
+                                       stroke_color=stroke_color, stroke_width=stroke_width)
+                    max_name_width = max(max_name_width, name_clip.w)
+                    texts.append((current_job, name))
+                    total_height += fontsize
+                
+            current_job = line[2:]
+            current_names = []
+            continue
+            
+        # Handle names
+        if current_job is not None and line:
+            current_names.append(line)
+            
+    # Add last job if exists
+    if current_job is not None:
+        job_clip = TextClip(current_job, font=font, fontsize=fontsize, color=color,
+                           stroke_color=stroke_color, stroke_width=stroke_width)
+        max_job_width = max(max_job_width, job_clip.w)
+        
+        for name in current_names:
+            name_clip = TextClip(name, font=font, fontsize=fontsize, color=color,
+                               stroke_color=stroke_color, stroke_width=stroke_width)
+            max_name_width = max(max_name_width, name_clip.w)
+            texts.append((current_job, name))
+            total_height += fontsize
+            
+    # Create clips for each text pair
+    clips = []
+    y = 0
+    
+    for job, name in texts:
+        # Create job clip
+        job_clip = TextClip(job, font=font, fontsize=fontsize, color=color,
+                           stroke_color=stroke_color, stroke_width=stroke_width)
+        job_clip = job_clip.set_position(('right', y))
+        
+        # Create name clip
+        name_clip = TextClip(name, font=font, fontsize=fontsize, color=color,
+                            stroke_color=stroke_color, stroke_width=stroke_width)
+        name_clip = name_clip.set_position((job_clip.w + gap, y))
+        
+        clips.extend([job_clip, name_clip])
+        y += fontsize
+        
+    # Create final composite
+    final_clip = CompositeVideoClip(clips, size=(width, total_height))
+    return final_clip
\ No newline at end of file