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Claude Sonnet 3.5 - Fill-in: sphinx

Failed to run pytests for test tests

ImportError while loading conftest '/testbed/tests/conftest.py'.
tests/conftest.py:15: in <module>
    import sphinx.pycode
sphinx/pycode/__init__.py:11: in <module>
    from sphinx.pycode.parser import Parser
sphinx/pycode/parser.py:15: in <module>
    from sphinx.pycode.ast import unparse as ast_unparse
sphinx/pycode/ast.py:20: in <module>
    class _UnparseVisitor(ast.NodeVisitor):
sphinx/pycode/ast.py:25: in _UnparseVisitor
    locals()[f'visit_{_op.__name__}'] = _visit_op
E   NameError: name '_visit_op' is not defined

Patch diff

diff --git a/sphinx/_cli/util/colour.py b/sphinx/_cli/util/colour.py
index 4ae735270..3b24eadc0 100644
--- a/sphinx/_cli/util/colour.py
+++ b/sphinx/_cli/util/colour.py
@@ -10,7 +10,13 @@ _COLOURING_DISABLED = True

 def terminal_supports_colour() ->bool:
     """Return True if coloured terminal output is supported."""
-    pass
+    if _COLOURING_DISABLED:
+        return False
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        return True  # Assuming colorama is properly initialized
+    if hasattr(sys.stdout, 'isatty') and sys.stdout.isatty():
+        return True
+    return 'COLORTERM' in os.environ


 if sys.platform == 'win32':
diff --git a/sphinx/_cli/util/errors.py b/sphinx/_cli/util/errors.py
index c3e0cc08b..470a6e43d 100644
--- a/sphinx/_cli/util/errors.py
+++ b/sphinx/_cli/util/errors.py
@@ -11,9 +11,17 @@ _ANSI_COLOUR_CODES: re.Pattern[str] = re.compile('\x1b.*?m')

 def terminal_safe(s: str, /) ->str:
     """Safely encode a string for printing to the terminal."""
-    pass
+    return _ANSI_COLOUR_CODES.sub('', s).encode('ascii', 'replace').decode('ascii')


 def save_traceback(app: (Sphinx | None), exc: BaseException) ->str:
     """Save the given exception's traceback in a temporary file."""
-    pass
+    import traceback
+    
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile('w', delete=False, suffix='.log') as f:
+        traceback.print_exc(file=f)
+        if isinstance(exc, SphinxParallelError):
+            for cause in exc.causes:
+                f.write('\n')
+                traceback.print_exception(*cause, file=f)
+        return f.name
diff --git a/sphinx/addnodes.py b/sphinx/addnodes.py
index a277c8408..2ce6410c9 100644
--- a/sphinx/addnodes.py
+++ b/sphinx/addnodes.py
@@ -34,21 +34,27 @@ class translatable(nodes.Node):
     Because they are used at final step; extraction.
     """

+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.original_messages = []
+
     def preserve_original_messages(self) ->None:
         """Preserve original translatable messages."""
-        pass
+        self.original_messages = [child.astext() for child in self.children if isinstance(child, nodes.TextElement)]

     def apply_translated_message(self, original_message: str,
         translated_message: str) ->None:
         """Apply translated message."""
-        pass
+        for i, child in enumerate(self.children):
+            if isinstance(child, nodes.TextElement) and child.astext() == original_message:
+                self.children[i] = nodes.Text(translated_message)

     def extract_original_messages(self) ->Sequence[str]:
         """Extract translation messages.

         :returns: list of extracted messages or messages generator
         """
-        pass
+        return self.original_messages


 class not_smartquotable:
diff --git a/sphinx/application.py b/sphinx/application.py
index c0830a77e..b9387588a 100644
--- a/sphinx/application.py
+++ b/sphinx/application.py
@@ -206,29 +206,54 @@ class Sphinx:
         self._init_builder()

     @property
-    def fresh_env_used(self) ->(bool | None):
+    @property
+    def fresh_env_used(self) -> bool | None:
         """True/False as to whether a new environment was created for this build,
         or None if the environment has not been initialised yet.
         """
-        pass
+        return self._fresh_env_used

-    def _init_i18n(self) ->None:
+    def _init_i18n(self) -> None:
         """Load translated strings from the configured localedirs if enabled in
         the configuration.
         """
-        pass
+        if self.config.language is not None:
+            self.translator = locale.init([self.confdir], self.config.language)
+        else:
+            self.translator = locale.NullTranslations()

-    def setup_extension(self, extname: str) ->None:
+    def setup_extension(self, extname: str) -> None:
         """Import and setup a Sphinx extension module.

         Load the extension given by the module *name*.  Use this if your
         extension needs the features provided by another extension.  No-op if
         called twice.
         """
-        pass
+        if extname in self.extensions:
+            return
+        try:
+            mod = __import__(extname, None, None, ['setup'])
+        except ImportError as err:
+            logger.warning(__('Failed to import extension %s'), extname)
+            logger.warning(__('The error was: %s'), err)
+            return
+        if not hasattr(mod, 'setup'):
+            logger.warning(__('Extension %s has no setup() function; is it really '
+                              'a Sphinx extension module?'), extname)
+            return
+        if extname in self.extensions:
+            return
+
+        try:
+            mod.setup(self)
+        except Exception as err:
+            logger.error(__('Failed to setup extension: %s'), extname)
+            logger.error(__('The error was: %s'), err)
+        else:
+            self.extensions[extname] = mod

     @staticmethod
-    def require_sphinx(version: (tuple[int, int] | str)) ->None:
+    def require_sphinx(version: tuple[int, int] | str) -> None:
         """Check the Sphinx version if requested.

         Compare *version* with the version of the running Sphinx, and abort the
@@ -241,9 +266,17 @@ class Sphinx:
         .. versionchanged:: 7.1
            Type of *version* now allows ``(major, minor)`` form.
         """
-        pass
+        if isinstance(version, str):
+            version = tuple(int(x) for x in version.split('.'))
+        elif not isinstance(version, tuple):
+            raise TypeError('version must be a string or a tuple')
+
+        if version > sphinx.__display_version__[:2]:
+            raise VersionRequirementError(
+                __('This project needs at least Sphinx v%s and therefore cannot '
+                   'be built with this version.') % '.'.join(map(str, version)))

-    def connect(self, event: str, callback: Callable, priority: int=500) ->int:
+    def connect(self, event: str, callback: Callable, priority: int = 500) -> int:
         """Register *callback* to be called when *event* is emitted.

         For details on available core events and the arguments of callback
@@ -259,17 +292,16 @@ class Sphinx:

            Support *priority*
         """
-        pass
+        return self.events.connect(event, callback, priority)

-    def disconnect(self, listener_id: int) ->None:
+    def disconnect(self, listener_id: int) -> None:
         """Unregister callback by *listener_id*.

         :param listener_id: A listener_id that :meth:`connect` returns
         """
-        pass
+        self.events.disconnect(listener_id)

-    def emit(self, event: str, *args: Any, allowed_exceptions: tuple[type[
-        Exception], ...]=()) ->list:
+    def emit(self, event: str, *args: Any, allowed_exceptions: tuple[type[Exception], ...] = ()) -> list:
         """Emit *event* and pass *arguments* to the callback functions.

         Return the return values of all callbacks as a list.  Do not emit core
@@ -283,10 +315,9 @@ class Sphinx:

            Added *allowed_exceptions* to specify path-through exceptions
         """
-        pass
+        return self.events.emit(event, *args, allowed_exceptions=allowed_exceptions)

-    def emit_firstresult(self, event: str, *args: Any, allowed_exceptions:
-        tuple[type[Exception], ...]=()) ->Any:
+    def emit_firstresult(self, event: str, *args: Any, allowed_exceptions: tuple[type[Exception], ...] = ()) -> Any:
         """Emit *event* and pass *arguments* to the callback functions.

         Return the result of the first callback that doesn't return ``None``.
@@ -300,7 +331,7 @@ class Sphinx:

            Added *allowed_exceptions* to specify path-through exceptions
         """
-        pass
+        return self.events.emit_firstresult(event, *args, allowed_exceptions=allowed_exceptions)

     def add_builder(self, builder: type[Builder], override: bool=False) ->None:
         """Register a new builder.
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/_epub_base.py b/sphinx/builders/_epub_base.py
index aa543c3e3..972f8461f 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/_epub_base.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/_epub_base.py
@@ -99,27 +99,55 @@ class EpubBuilder(StandaloneHTMLBuilder):

     def make_id(self, name: str) ->str:
         """Return a unique id for name."""
-        pass
+        return self.make_id_from_string(name)

     def get_refnodes(self, doctree: Node, result: list[dict[str, Any]]) ->list[
         dict[str, Any]]:
         """Collect section titles, their depth in the toc and the refuri."""
-        pass
+        for node in doctree.traverse(nodes.section):
+            nodetext = node.astext().strip()
+            if not nodetext:
+                continue
+            result.append({
+                'level': int(node['ids'][0].split('-')[1]),
+                'refuri': node['ids'][0],
+                'title': nodetext,
+            })
+        return result

     def get_toc(self) ->None:
         """Get the total table of contents, containing the root_doc
         and pre and post files not managed by sphinx.
         """
-        pass
+        doctree = self.env.get_and_resolve_doctree(self.config.root_doc, self)
+        refnodes = self.get_refnodes(doctree, [])
+        self.toc_add_files(refnodes)
+        self.toc = refnodes

     def toc_add_files(self, refnodes: list[dict[str, Any]]) ->None:
         """Add the root_doc, pre and post files to a list of refnodes.
         """
-        pass
+        refnodes.insert(0, {
+            'level': 1,
+            'refuri': self.config.root_doc,
+            'title': self.config.project,
+        })
+        for docname in self.config.epub_pre_files:
+            refnodes.append({
+                'level': 1,
+                'refuri': docname,
+                'title': self.env.titles[docname].astext(),
+            })
+        for docname in self.config.epub_post_files:
+            refnodes.append({
+                'level': 1,
+                'refuri': docname,
+                'title': self.env.titles[docname].astext(),
+            })

     def fix_fragment(self, prefix: str, fragment: str) ->str:
         """Return a href/id attribute with colons replaced by hyphens."""
-        pass
+        return prefix + fragment.replace(':', '-')

     def fix_ids(self, tree: nodes.document) ->None:
         """Replace colons with hyphens in href and id attributes.
@@ -127,12 +155,38 @@ class EpubBuilder(StandaloneHTMLBuilder):
         Some readers crash because they interpret the part as a
         transport protocol specification.
         """
-        pass
+        for node in tree.traverse(nodes.reference):
+            if 'refuri' in node:
+                m = self.refuri_re.match(node['refuri'])
+                if m:
+                    node['refuri'] = self.fix_fragment(m.group(1), m.group(2))
+            if 'refid' in node:
+                node['refid'] = self.fix_fragment('', node['refid'])
+        for node in tree.traverse(addnodes.desc_signature):
+            ids = node.attributes['ids']
+            newids = []
+            for id in ids:
+                newids.append(self.fix_fragment('', id))
+            node.attributes['ids'] = newids

     def add_visible_links(self, tree: nodes.document, show_urls: str='inline'
         ) ->None:
         """Add visible link targets for external links"""
-        pass
+        for node in tree.traverse(nodes.reference):
+            uri = node.get('refuri', '')
+            if uri.startswith('http:') or uri.startswith('https:') or uri.startswith('ftp:'):
+                if uri == node.astext():
+                    continue
+                idx = node.parent.index(node)
+                if show_urls == 'inline':
+                    uri_node = nodes.inline(uri, ' (%s)' % uri, classes=['link-target'])
+                    node.parent.insert(idx + 1, uri_node)
+                elif show_urls == 'footnote':
+                    uri_node = nodes.footnote_reference('[#]_', refname=uri)
+                    node.parent.insert(idx + 1, uri_node)
+                    footnote = nodes.footnote('', nodes.paragraph('', uri))
+                    footnote.insert(0, nodes.label('', '#'))
+                    tree.append(footnote)

     def write_doc(self, docname: str, doctree: nodes.document) ->None:
         """Write one document file.
@@ -140,29 +194,49 @@ class EpubBuilder(StandaloneHTMLBuilder):
         This method is overwritten in order to fix fragment identifiers
         and to add visible external links.
         """
-        pass
+        self.fix_ids(doctree)
+        self.add_visible_links(doctree, self.config.epub_show_urls)
+        super().write_doc(docname, doctree)

     def fix_genindex(self, tree: list[tuple[str, list[tuple[str, Any]]]]
         ) ->None:
         """Fix href attributes for genindex pages."""
-        pass
+        for _, entries in tree:
+            for entry in entries:
+                if isinstance(entry, tuple):
+                    for idx, href in enumerate(entry[1]):
+                        if href:
+                            entry[1][idx] = self.fix_fragment('', href)

     def is_vector_graphics(self, filename: str) ->bool:
         """Does the filename extension indicate a vector graphic format?"""
-        pass
+        return any(filename.endswith(ext) for ext in VECTOR_GRAPHICS_EXTENSIONS)

     def copy_image_files_pil(self) ->None:
         """Copy images using Pillow, the Python Imaging Library.
         The method tries to read and write the files with Pillow, converting
         the format and resizing the image if necessary/possible.
         """
-        pass
+        if not PILLOW_AVAILABLE:
+            return
+        for src in status_iterator(self.images, __('copying images... '), "brown",
+                                   len(self.images), self.app.verbosity):
+            dest = path.join(self.outdir, self.images[src])
+            try:
+                img = Image.open(path.join(self.srcdir, src))
+                img.save(dest)
+            except Exception as err:
+                logger.warning(__('cannot read image file %r: %s'), src, err)
+                copyfile(path.join(self.srcdir, src), dest)

     def copy_image_files(self) ->None:
         """Copy image files to destination directory.
         This overwritten method can use Pillow to convert image files.
         """
-        pass
+        if PILLOW_AVAILABLE:
+            self.copy_image_files_pil()
+        else:
+            super().copy_image_files()

     def handle_page(self, pagename: str, addctx: dict[str, Any],
         templatename: str='page.html', outfilename: (str | None)=None,
@@ -172,15 +246,29 @@ class EpubBuilder(StandaloneHTMLBuilder):
         This method is overwritten for genindex pages in order to fix href link
         attributes.
         """
-        pass
+        if pagename.startswith('genindex'):
+            self.fix_genindex(addctx['genindexentries'])
+        super().handle_page(pagename, addctx, templatename, outfilename, event_arg)

     def build_mimetype(self) ->None:
         """Write the metainfo file mimetype."""
-        pass
+        with open(path.join(self.outdir, 'mimetype'), 'w', encoding='ascii') as f:
+            f.write('application/epub+zip')

     def build_container(self, outname: str='META-INF/container.xml') ->None:
         """Write the metainfo file META-INF/container.xml."""
-        pass
+        container_path = path.join(self.outdir, 'META-INF')
+        ensuredir(container_path)
+        container = path.join(container_path, 'container.xml')
+        with open(container, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            f.write('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>\n')
+            f.write('<container version="1.0"\n')
+            f.write('      xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:opendocument:xmlns:container">\n')
+            f.write('  <rootfiles>\n')
+            f.write('    <rootfile full-path="content.opf"\n')
+            f.write('      media-type="application/oebps-package+xml"/>\n')
+            f.write('  </rootfiles>\n')
+            f.write('</container>\n')

     def content_metadata(self) ->dict[str, Any]:
         """Create a dictionary with all metadata for the content.opf
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/epub3.py b/sphinx/builders/epub3.py
index aecaf3dbc..c34f6a5bd 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/epub3.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/epub3.py
@@ -61,13 +61,27 @@ class Epub3Builder(_epub_base.EpubBuilder):

     def handle_finish(self) ->None:
         """Create the metainfo files and finally the epub."""
-        pass
+        self.get_toc()
+        self.build_mimetype()
+        self.build_container()
+        self.build_content()
+        self.build_navigation_doc()
+        self.build_toc()
+        self.build_epub()

     def content_metadata(self) ->dict[str, Any]:
         """Create a dictionary with all metadata for the content.opf
         file properly escaped.
         """
-        pass
+        metadata = super().content_metadata()
+        metadata['epub_version'] = '3.0'
+        metadata['page_progression_direction'] = PAGE_PROGRESSION_DIRECTIONS.get(
+            self.config.epub_writing_mode, 'default')
+        metadata['ibook_scroll_axis'] = IBOOK_SCROLL_AXIS.get(
+            self.config.epub_writing_mode, 'default')
+        metadata['writing_mode'] = THEME_WRITING_MODES.get(
+            self.config.epub_writing_mode, 'horizontal-tb')
+        return metadata

     def build_navlist(self, navnodes: list[dict[str, Any]]) ->list[NavPoint]:
         """Create the toc navigation structure.
@@ -79,20 +93,45 @@ class Epub3Builder(_epub_base.EpubBuilder):
         The difference from build_navpoints method is templates which are used
         when generating navigation documents.
         """
-        pass
+        def build_navpoint(node: dict[str, Any]) ->NavPoint:
+            text = html.escape(node['text'])
+            refuri = node['refuri']
+            children = [build_navpoint(child) for child in node.get('children', [])]
+            return NavPoint(text=text, refuri=refuri, children=children)

-    def navigation_doc_metadata(self, navlist: list[NavPoint]) ->dict[str, Any
-        ]:
+        return [build_navpoint(node) for node in navnodes]
+
+    def navigation_doc_metadata(self, navlist: list[NavPoint]) ->dict[str, Any]:
         """Create a dictionary with all metadata for the nav.xhtml file
         properly escaped.
         """
-        pass
+        metadata = {}
+        metadata['lang'] = self.config.language
+        metadata['toc_locale'] = self.guide_titles['toc']
+        metadata['navlist'] = navlist
+        return metadata

     def build_navigation_doc(self) ->None:
         """Write the metainfo file nav.xhtml."""
-        pass
+        logger.info(__('writing nav.xhtml file...'))
+        navlist = self.build_navlist(self.refnodes)
+        metadata = self.navigation_doc_metadata(navlist)
+        navigation = self.render_template('nav.xhtml', metadata)
+        with open(path.join(self.outdir, 'nav.xhtml'), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            f.write(navigation)


 def convert_epub_css_files(app: Sphinx, config: Config) ->None:
     """Convert string styled epub_css_files to tuple styled one."""
-    pass
+    epub_css_files = []
+    for entry in config.epub_css_files:
+        if isinstance(entry, str):
+            epub_css_files.append((entry, {}))
+        else:
+            try:
+                filename, attrs = entry
+                epub_css_files.append((filename, attrs))
+            except Exception:
+                logger.warning(__('invalid css_file: %r, ignored'), entry)
+                continue
+    config.epub_css_files = epub_css_files
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/gettext.py b/sphinx/builders/gettext.py
index 4b4b24de7..df6453c5e 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/gettext.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/gettext.py
@@ -113,7 +113,12 @@ ctime = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M%z', timestamp)

 def _is_node_in_substitution_definition(node: nodes.Node) ->bool:
     """Check "node" to test if it is in a substitution definition."""
-    pass
+    parent = node.parent
+    while parent:
+        if isinstance(parent, nodes.substitution_definition):
+            return True
+        parent = parent.parent
+    return False


 class MessageCatalogBuilder(I18nBuilder):
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/html/_build_info.py b/sphinx/builders/html/_build_info.py
index 124c16e83..9c320213a 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/html/_build_info.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/html/_build_info.py
@@ -41,4 +41,17 @@ def _stable_hash(obj: Any) ->str:
     We can't just use the md5 of str(obj) as the order of collections
     may be random.
     """
-    pass
+    def _hash_helper(o):
+        if isinstance(o, (str, int, float, bool, type(None))):
+            return str(o)
+        elif isinstance(o, (list, tuple)):
+            return '[' + ','.join(_hash_helper(i) for i in o) + ']'
+        elif isinstance(o, dict):
+            return '{' + ','.join(f'{_hash_helper(k)}:{_hash_helper(v)}' for k, v in sorted(o.items())) + '}'
+        elif isinstance(o, set):
+            return '{' + ','.join(_hash_helper(i) for i in sorted(o)) + '}'
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unhashable type: {type(o)}")
+
+    stable_str = _hash_helper(obj)
+    return hashlib.md5(stable_str.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/latex/nodes.py b/sphinx/builders/latex/nodes.py
index cdf9949a3..73a483b07 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/latex/nodes.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/latex/nodes.py
@@ -4,27 +4,39 @@ from docutils import nodes

 class captioned_literal_block(nodes.container):
     """A node for a container of literal_block having a caption."""
-    pass
+    
+    def __init__(self, rawsource='', *children, **attributes):
+        super().__init__(rawsource, *children, **attributes)
+        self.caption = None


 class footnotemark(nodes.Inline, nodes.Referential, nodes.TextElement):
     """A node represents ``\\footnotemark``."""
-    pass
+    
+    def __init__(self, rawsource='', text='', *children, **attributes):
+        super().__init__(rawsource, text, *children, **attributes)


-class footnotetext(nodes.General, nodes.BackLinkable, nodes.Element, nodes.
-    Labeled, nodes.Targetable):
+class footnotetext(nodes.General, nodes.BackLinkable, nodes.Element, nodes.Labeled, nodes.Targetable):
     """A node represents ``\\footnotetext``."""
+    
+    def __init__(self, rawsource='', *children, **attributes):
+        super().__init__(rawsource, *children, **attributes)


 class math_reference(nodes.Inline, nodes.Referential, nodes.TextElement):
     """A node for a reference for equation."""
-    pass
+    
+    def __init__(self, rawsource='', text='', *children, **attributes):
+        super().__init__(rawsource, text, *children, **attributes)
+        self.equation_number = None


 class thebibliography(nodes.container):
     """A node for wrapping bibliographies."""
-    pass
+    
+    def __init__(self, rawsource='', *children, **attributes):
+        super().__init__(rawsource, *children, **attributes)


 HYPERLINK_SUPPORT_NODES = (nodes.figure, nodes.literal_block, nodes.table,
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/latex/theming.py b/sphinx/builders/latex/theming.py
index 671dc8ff2..7caa70864 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/latex/theming.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/latex/theming.py
@@ -88,12 +88,22 @@ class ThemeFactory:

     def load_builtin_themes(self, config: Config) ->None:
         """Load built-in themes."""
-        pass
+        for name in ('manual', 'howto'):
+            self.themes[name] = BuiltInTheme(name, config)

     def get(self, name: str) ->Theme:
         """Get a theme for given *name*."""
-        pass
+        if name not in self.themes:
+            theme = self.find_user_theme(name)
+            if theme is None:
+                raise ThemeError(__('LaTeX theme %r not found') % name)
+            self.themes[name] = theme
+        return self.themes[name]

     def find_user_theme(self, name: str) ->(Theme | None):
         """Find a theme named as *name* from latex_theme_path."""
-        pass
+        for theme_path in self.theme_paths:
+            theme_file = path.join(theme_path, name + '.ini')
+            if path.exists(theme_file):
+                return UserTheme(name, theme_file)
+        return None
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/latex/util.py b/sphinx/builders/latex/util.py
index b909a8426..b896b2e9e 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/latex/util.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/latex/util.py
@@ -13,6 +13,18 @@ class ExtBabel(Babel):
         self.supported = True
         super().__init__(language_code)

-    def get_mainlanguage_options(self) ->(str | None):
+    def get_mainlanguage_options(self) -> (str | None):
         """Return options for polyglossia's ``\\setmainlanguage``."""
-        pass
+        if not self.use_polyglossia:
+            return None
+        
+        if self.language_code == 'english':
+            return 'variant=american'
+        elif self.language_code in self.cyrillic_languages:
+            return 'babelshorthands=true'
+        elif self.language_code == 'greek':
+            return 'variant=poly'
+        elif self.language_code == 'sanskrit':
+            return 'script=Devanagari'
+        
+        return None
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/linkcheck.py b/sphinx/builders/linkcheck.py
index 14686b733..a54821f1f 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/linkcheck.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/linkcheck.py
@@ -64,7 +64,11 @@ class HyperlinkCollector(SphinxPostTransform):
         :param node: A node class
         :returns: URI of the node
         """
-        pass
+        if isinstance(node, nodes.reference):
+            return node.get('refuri')
+        elif isinstance(node, nodes.image):
+            return node.get('uri')
+        return None

     def _add_uri(self, uri: str, node: nodes.Element) ->None:
         """Registers a node's URI into a builder's collection of hyperlinks.
@@ -77,7 +81,17 @@ class HyperlinkCollector(SphinxPostTransform):
         :param uri: URI to add
         :param node: A node class where the URI was found
         """
-        pass
+        if uri is None:
+            return
+
+        docname = self.env.docname
+        docpath = self.env.doc2path(docname)
+        lineno = get_node_line(node)
+
+        self.app.emit('linkcheck-process-uri', uri)
+
+        if uri not in self.builder.hyperlinks:
+            self.builder.hyperlinks[uri] = Hyperlink(uri, docname, docpath, lineno)


 class Hyperlink(NamedTuple):
@@ -152,7 +166,9 @@ class HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(Thread):

 def contains_anchor(response: Response, anchor: str) ->bool:
     """Determine if an anchor is contained within an HTTP response."""
-    pass
+    parser = AnchorCheckParser(anchor)
+    parser.feed(response.text)
+    return parser.found


 class AnchorCheckParser(HTMLParser):
@@ -175,9 +191,35 @@ def rewrite_github_anchor(app: Sphinx, uri: str) ->(str | None):
     The hyperlink anchors in github.com are dynamically generated.  This rewrites
     them before checking and makes them comparable.
     """
-    pass
+    parsed = urlparse(uri)
+    if parsed.hostname != 'github.com':
+        return None
+
+    path = parsed.path
+    fragment = unquote(parsed.fragment)
+    if not fragment:
+        return None
+
+    # rewrite anchor
+    if fragment.isdigit():
+        # for headings like: #L10
+        fragment = 'L' + fragment
+    elif fragment.startswith('L'):
+        # for headings like: #L10-L20
+        fragment = fragment.upper()
+    else:
+        # for headings like: #heading-1
+        fragment = fragment.lower()
+        fragment = re.sub(r'[^\w\- ]', '', fragment)
+        fragment = re.sub(r'\s+', '-', fragment)
+
+    result = urlunparse(parsed._replace(fragment=quote(fragment)))
+    return result


 def compile_linkcheck_allowed_redirects(app: Sphinx, config: Config) ->None:
     """Compile patterns in linkcheck_allowed_redirects to the regexp objects."""
-    pass
+    allowed_redirects = {}
+    for pattern, allowed_pattern in config.linkcheck_allowed_redirects.items():
+        allowed_redirects[re.compile(pattern)] = re.compile(allowed_pattern)
+    config.linkcheck_allowed_redirects = allowed_redirects
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/manpage.py b/sphinx/builders/manpage.py
index 20bdcc04a..f573e83fb 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/manpage.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/manpage.py
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ class ManualPageBuilder(Builder):
     supported_image_types: list[str] = []


-def default_man_pages(config: Config) ->list[tuple[str, str, str, list[str],
-    int]]:
+def default_man_pages(config: Config) -> list[tuple[str, str, str, list[str], int]]:
     """Better default man_pages settings."""
-    pass
+    project_name = make_filename_from_project(config.project)
+    return [(project_name, project_name, config.project,
+             [config.author], 1)]
diff --git a/sphinx/builders/texinfo.py b/sphinx/builders/texinfo.py
index e7442b2f8..3aafb28db 100644
--- a/sphinx/builders/texinfo.py
+++ b/sphinx/builders/texinfo.py
@@ -49,4 +49,13 @@ Run 'make' in that directory to run these through makeinfo
 def default_texinfo_documents(config: Config) ->list[tuple[str, str, str,
     str, str, str, str]]:
     """Better default texinfo_documents settings."""
-    pass
+    return [
+        (config.root_doc,  # startdocname
+         make_filename_from_project(config.project),  # targetname
+         config.project,  # title
+         config.author,  # author
+         config.project,  # dir_entry
+         '',  # description
+         config.release or config.version,  # category
+         )
+    ]
diff --git a/sphinx/cmd/build.py b/sphinx/cmd/build.py
index a2aa5c5f4..403bea517 100644
--- a/sphinx/cmd/build.py
+++ b/sphinx/cmd/build.py
@@ -37,17 +37,57 @@ def jobs_argument(value: str) ->int:
     be expanded to handle other special scaling requests, such as setting job count
     to cpu_count.
     """
-    pass
+    if value.lower() == 'auto':
+        return multiprocessing.cpu_count()
+    try:
+        jobs = int(value)
+        if jobs <= 0:
+            raise ValueError
+        return jobs
+    except ValueError:
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(f"'{value}' is not a positive integer or 'auto'")


 def make_main(argv: Sequence[str]) ->int:
     """Sphinx build "make mode" entry."""
-    pass
+    if not argv:
+        print("Usage: sphinx-build -M <builder> <sourcedir> <outputdir> [options]")
+        return 1
+    
+    builder = argv[0]
+    sourcedir = argv[1] if len(argv) > 1 else '.'
+    outputdir = argv[2] if len(argv) > 2 else 'build'
+    
+    try:
+        with docutils_namespace():
+            app = Sphinx(sourcedir, sourcedir, outputdir, outputdir, builder)
+            app.build()
+        return 0
+    except Exception as exc:
+        print(f"Error: {exc}")
+        return 1


 def build_main(argv: Sequence[str]) ->int:
     """Sphinx build "main" command-line entry."""
-    pass
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Sphinx documentation builder")
+    parser.add_argument('sourcedir', help="Source directory")
+    parser.add_argument('outputdir', help="Output directory")
+    parser.add_argument('-b', '--builder', default='html', help="Builder to use (default: html)")
+    parser.add_argument('-j', '--jobs', type=jobs_argument, default=1, help="Number of parallel jobs")
+    parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='store_true', help="Increase verbosity")
+    
+    args = parser.parse_args(argv)
+    
+    try:
+        with docutils_namespace():
+            app = Sphinx(args.sourcedir, args.sourcedir, args.outputdir, args.outputdir, args.builder,
+                         parallel=args.jobs, verbosity=2 if args.verbose else 1)
+            app.build()
+        return 0
+    except Exception as exc:
+        print(f"Error: {exc}")
+        return 1


 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/sphinx/cmd/quickstart.py b/sphinx/cmd/quickstart.py
index c9bb73784..64a16258a 100644
--- a/sphinx/cmd/quickstart.py
+++ b/sphinx/cmd/quickstart.py
@@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ class QuickstartRenderer(SphinxRenderer):
         Note: Please don't use this function from extensions.
               It will be removed in the future without deprecation period.
         """
-        pass
+        custom_template = path.join(self.templatedir, template_name)
+        return path.exists(custom_template)


 def ask_user(d: dict[str, Any]) ->None:
@@ -89,13 +90,127 @@ def ask_user(d: dict[str, Any]) ->None:
     * makefile:  make Makefile
     * batchfile: make command file
     """
-    pass
+    print(bold(__('Welcome to the Sphinx %s quickstart utility.')) % __display_version__)
+    print(__('''
+Please enter values for the following settings (just press Enter to
+accept a default value, if one is given in brackets).'''))
+
+    if 'path' not in d:
+        print()
+        d['path'] = do_prompt(__('Enter the root path for documentation.'), DEFAULTS['path'])
+    if 'sep' not in d:
+        print()
+        d['sep'] = do_prompt(__('Separate source and build directories (y/n)'), 'n') == 'y'
+    if 'project' not in d:
+        print()
+        d['project'] = do_prompt(__('Project name:'))
+    if 'author' not in d:
+        print()
+        d['author'] = do_prompt(__('Author name(s):'))
+    if 'version' not in d:
+        print()
+        d['version'] = do_prompt(__('Project version:'), '0.1')
+    if 'release' not in d:
+        print()
+        d['release'] = do_prompt(__('Project release:'), d['version'])
+    if 'language' not in d:
+        print()
+        d['language'] = do_prompt(__('Project language:'), DEFAULTS['language'])
+    if 'suffix' not in d:
+        print()
+        d['suffix'] = do_prompt(__('Source file suffix:'), DEFAULTS['suffix'])
+    if 'master' not in d:
+        print()
+        d['master'] = do_prompt(__('Name of your master document (without suffix):'), DEFAULTS['master'])
+    if 'extensions' not in d:
+        print()
+        print(__('Indicate which of the following Sphinx extensions should be enabled:'))
+        d['extensions'] = []
+        for name, description in EXTENSIONS.items():
+            if do_prompt('%s: %s (y/n)' % (name, description), 'n') == 'y':
+                d['extensions'].append(name)
+    if 'makefile' not in d:
+        print()
+        d['makefile'] = do_prompt(__('Create Makefile? (y/n)'), 'y') == 'y'
+    if 'batchfile' not in d:
+        print()
+        d['batchfile'] = do_prompt(__('Create Windows command file? (y/n)'), 'y') == 'y'
+
+    print()


 def generate(d: dict[str, Any], overwrite: bool=True, silent: bool=False,
     templatedir: (str | None)=None) ->None:
     """Generate project based on values in *d*."""
-    pass
+    renderer = QuickstartRenderer(templatedir=templatedir)
+
+    if 'mastertoctree' not in d:
+        d['mastertoctree'] = ''
+    if 'mastertocmaxdepth' not in d:
+        d['mastertocmaxdepth'] = 2
+
+    d['now'] = time.asctime()
+    d['project_underline'] = column_width(d['project']) * '='
+    d['extensions'] = ', '.join(repr(ext) for ext in d.get('extensions', []))
+    d['copyright'] = time.strftime('%Y') + ', ' + d['author']
+
+    ensuredir(d['path'])
+
+    srcdir = d['sep'] and path.join(d['path'], 'source') or d['path']
+
+    ensuredir(srcdir)
+    if d['sep']:
+        builddir = path.join(d['path'], 'build')
+        d['exclude_patterns'] = ''
+    else:
+        builddir = path.join(srcdir, '_build')
+        exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store']
+        d['exclude_patterns'] = ', '.join(repr(p) for p in exclude_patterns)
+    ensuredir(builddir)
+    ensuredir(path.join(srcdir, '_templates'))
+    ensuredir(path.join(srcdir, '_static'))
+
+    def write_file(fpath: str, content: str, newline: str='\n') ->None:
+        if overwrite or not path.isfile(fpath):
+            print(__('Creating file %s.') % fpath)
+            with open(fpath, 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline=newline) as f:
+                f.write(content)
+        else:
+            print(__('File %s already exists, skipping.') % fpath)
+
+    conf_text = renderer.render('conf.py_t', d)
+    write_file(path.join(srcdir, 'conf.py'), conf_text)
+
+    masterfile = path.join(srcdir, d['master'] + d['suffix'])
+    write_file(masterfile, renderer.render('master_doc.rst_t', d))
+
+    if d.get('make_mode') is True:
+        makefile_template = 'Makefile.new_t'
+        batchfile_template = 'make.bat.new_t'
+    else:
+        makefile_template = 'Makefile_t'
+        batchfile_template = 'make.bat_t'
+
+    if d['makefile'] is True:
+        write_file(path.join(d['path'], 'Makefile'),
+                   renderer.render(makefile_template, d))
+
+    if d['batchfile'] is True:
+        write_file(path.join(d['path'], 'make.bat'),
+                   renderer.render(batchfile_template, d), '\r\n')
+
+    if silent:
+        return
+    print()
+    print(bold(__('Finished: An initial directory structure has been created.')))
+    print()
+    print(__('You should now populate your master file %s and create other documentation\n'
+             'source files. ') % masterfile, end='')
+    print(__('Use the Makefile to build the docs, like so:\n'
+             '   make builder'))
+    print(__('where "builder" is one of the supported builders, e.g. html, latex '
+             'or linkcheck.'))
+    print()


 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/sphinx/config.py b/sphinx/config.py
index 035734a48..efb3b5d00 100644
--- a/sphinx/config.py
+++ b/sphinx/config.py
@@ -39,7 +39,21 @@ class ConfigValue(NamedTuple):

 def is_serializable(obj: object, *, _seen: frozenset[int]=frozenset()) ->bool:
     """Check if an object is serializable or not."""
-    pass
+    if id(obj) in _seen:
+        return False
+    
+    new_seen = _seen | {id(obj)}
+    
+    if isinstance(obj, (str, int, float, bool, type(None))):
+        return True
+    elif isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
+        return all(is_serializable(item, _seen=new_seen) for item in obj)
+    elif isinstance(obj, dict):
+        return all(is_serializable(key, _seen=new_seen) and is_serializable(value, _seen=new_seen) for key, value in obj.items())
+    elif isinstance(obj, set):
+        return all(is_serializable(item, _seen=new_seen) for item in obj)
+    
+    return False


 class ENUM:
@@ -229,7 +243,15 @@ class Config:
     def read(cls: type[Config], confdir: (str | os.PathLike[str]),
         overrides: (dict | None)=None, tags: (Tags | None)=None) ->Config:
         """Create a Config object from configuration file."""
-        pass
+        conffile = path.join(confdir, CONFIG_FILENAME)
+        if not path.isfile(conffile):
+            raise ConfigError(__("config directory doesn't contain a conf.py file (%s)") % conffile)
+
+        with chdir(confdir):
+            namespace = eval_config_file(conffile, tags)
+
+        config = cls(namespace, overrides)
+        return config

     def __repr__(self) ->str:
         values = []
@@ -328,7 +350,15 @@ class Config:

 def eval_config_file(filename: str, tags: (Tags | None)) ->dict[str, Any]:
     """Evaluate a config file."""
-    pass
+    namespace: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+        code = compile(f.read(), filename, 'exec')
+    exec(code, namespace)
+    
+    if tags is not None:
+        namespace['tags'] = tags
+
+    return {k: v for k, v in namespace.items() if not k.startswith('__')}


 def convert_source_suffix(app: Sphinx, config: Config) ->None:
@@ -337,7 +367,15 @@ def convert_source_suffix(app: Sphinx, config: Config) ->None:
     * old style: str or list
     * new style: a dict which maps from fileext to filetype
     """
-    pass
+    source_suffix = config.source_suffix
+    if isinstance(source_suffix, str):
+        config.source_suffix = {source_suffix: 'restructuredtext'}
+    elif isinstance(source_suffix, (list, tuple)):
+        config.source_suffix = {suffix: 'restructuredtext' for suffix in source_suffix}
+    elif not isinstance(source_suffix, dict):
+        logger.warning(__('The source_suffix config value should be either '
+                          'a string, list, or dictionary. But now it is %r'),
+                       type(source_suffix))


 def convert_highlight_options(app: Sphinx, config: Config) ->None:
@@ -346,12 +384,23 @@ def convert_highlight_options(app: Sphinx, config: Config) ->None:
     * old style: options
     * new style: a dict which maps from language name to options
     """
-    pass
+    highlight_options = config.highlight_options
+    if isinstance(highlight_options, dict):
+        return
+
+    config.highlight_options = {config.highlight_language: highlight_options}


 def init_numfig_format(app: Sphinx, config: Config) ->None:
     """Initialize :confval:`numfig_format`."""
-    pass
+    numfig_format = {'section': _('Section %s'),
+                     'figure': _('Fig. %s'),
+                     'table': _('Table %s'),
+                     'code-block': _('Listing %s')}
+
+    # override default labels by configuration
+    numfig_format.update(config.numfig_format)
+    config.numfig_format = numfig_format


 def correct_copyright_year(_app: Sphinx, config: Config) ->None:
@@ -376,7 +425,16 @@ def _substitute_copyright_year(copyright_line: str, replace_year: str) ->str:

     The final year in the string is replaced with ``replace_year``.
     """
-    pass
+    import re
+    
+    year_pattern = r'(\d{4})(?:-\d{4})?(?:[,\s]|$)'
+    match = re.search(year_pattern, copyright_line)
+    
+    if match:
+        start, end = match.span()
+        return copyright_line[:start] + replace_year + copyright_line[end:]
+    
+    return copyright_line


 def check_confval_types(app: (Sphinx | None), config: Config) ->None:
@@ -391,4 +449,10 @@ def check_root_doc(app: Sphinx, env: BuildEnvironment, added: Set[str],
     """Adjust root_doc to 'contents' to support an old project which does not have
     any root_doc setting.
     """
-    pass
+    if app.config.root_doc == 'index' and 'index' not in env.found_docs:
+        if 'contents' in env.found_docs:
+            app.config.root_doc = "contents"
+            logger.warning(__('Since there is no index.rst file, changing '
+                              'root_doc to contents'))
+            return ['contents']
+    return []
diff --git a/sphinx/deprecation.py b/sphinx/deprecation.py
index ee68dfa87..ec212e615 100644
--- a/sphinx/deprecation.py
+++ b/sphinx/deprecation.py
@@ -51,4 +51,21 @@ def _deprecation_warning(module: str, attribute: str, canonical_name: str=
            _deprecation_warning(__name__, name, canonical_name, remove=remove)
            return deprecated_object
     """
-    pass
+    major, minor = remove
+    version = f"{major}.{minor}"
+    
+    if canonical_name:
+        message = f"{module}.{attribute} is deprecated and will be removed in Sphinx {version}. " \
+                  f"Please use {canonical_name} instead."
+    else:
+        message = f"{module}.{attribute} is deprecated and will be removed in Sphinx {version}."
+    
+    if raises:
+        raise AttributeError(message)
+    else:
+        if major == 9:
+            warnings.warn(message, RemovedInSphinx90Warning, stacklevel=3)
+        elif major == 10:
+            warnings.warn(message, RemovedInSphinx10Warning, stacklevel=3)
+        else:
+            warnings.warn(message, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=3)
diff --git a/sphinx/directives/other.py b/sphinx/directives/other.py
index 1a6198deb..5c6df965b 100644
--- a/sphinx/directives/other.py
+++ b/sphinx/directives/other.py
@@ -44,7 +44,40 @@ class TocTree(SphinxDirective):
         """
         Populate ``toctree['entries']`` and ``toctree['includefiles']`` from content.
         """
-        pass
+        suffixes = self.config.source_suffix
+        glob = 'glob' in self.options
+        entries = []
+        includefiles = []
+
+        for entry in self.content:
+            if not entry:
+                continue
+            # look for explicit titles ("Some Title <document>")
+            explicit = explicit_title_re.match(entry)
+            if explicit:
+                ref = explicit.group(2)
+                title = explicit.group(1)
+            else:
+                ref = entry
+                title = None
+            
+            if glob and glob_re.match(ref):
+                patname = ref
+                docnames = sorted(self.env.found_docs)
+                for docname in patfilter(docnames, patname):
+                    entries.append((title, docname))
+                    includefiles.append(docname)
+            else:
+                docname = ref
+                if docname not in self.env.found_docs:
+                    logger.warning(__('toctree contains reference to nonexisting document %r'), docname)
+                    self.env.note_reread()
+                else:
+                    entries.append((title, docname))
+                    includefiles.append(docname)
+        
+        toctree['entries'] = entries
+        toctree['includefiles'] = includefiles


 class Author(SphinxDirective):
@@ -58,6 +91,16 @@ class Author(SphinxDirective):
     final_argument_whitespace = True
     option_spec: ClassVar[OptionSpec] = {}

+    def run(self) -> list[Node]:
+        if not self.config.show_authors:
+            return []
+        para = nodes.paragraph(translatable=False)
+        emph = nodes.emphasis()
+        para += emph
+        text = self.arguments[0]
+        emph += nodes.Text(text, text)
+        return [para]
+

 class SeeAlso(BaseAdmonition):
     """
@@ -76,6 +119,12 @@ class TabularColumns(SphinxDirective):
     final_argument_whitespace = True
     option_spec: ClassVar[OptionSpec] = {}

+    def run(self) -> list[Node]:
+        node = addnodes.tabular_col_spec()
+        node['spec'] = self.arguments[0]
+        set_source_info(self, node)
+        return [node]
+

 class Centered(SphinxDirective):
     """
@@ -87,6 +136,13 @@ class Centered(SphinxDirective):
     final_argument_whitespace = True
     option_spec: ClassVar[OptionSpec] = {}

+    def run(self) -> list[Node]:
+        text = self.arguments[0]
+        para = nodes.paragraph(text, classes=['centered'])
+        strong = nodes.strong(text, text)
+        para += strong
+        return [para]
+

 class Acks(SphinxDirective):
     """
@@ -98,6 +154,16 @@ class Acks(SphinxDirective):
     final_argument_whitespace = False
     option_spec: ClassVar[OptionSpec] = {}

+    def run(self) -> list[Node]:
+        node = addnodes.acks()
+        node.document = self.state.document
+        self.state.nested_parse(self.content, self.content_offset, node)
+        if len(node.children) != 1 or not isinstance(node.children[0], nodes.bullet_list):
+            return [self.state.document.reporter.warning(
+                'Acknowledgement list must contain a single bullet list',
+                line=self.lineno)]
+        return [node]
+

 class HList(SphinxDirective):
     """
@@ -109,6 +175,23 @@ class HList(SphinxDirective):
     final_argument_whitespace = False
     option_spec: ClassVar[OptionSpec] = {'columns': int}

+    def run(self) -> list[Node]:
+        ncolumns = self.options.get('columns', 2)
+        node = nodes.paragraph()
+        node.document = self.state.document
+        self.state.nested_parse(self.content, self.content_offset, node)
+        if len(node.children) != 1 or not isinstance(node.children[0], nodes.bullet_list):
+            return [self.state.document.reporter.warning(
+                'hlist content is not a single bullet list',
+                line=self.lineno)]
+        bullet_list = node.children[0]
+        list_items = bullet_list.children
+        for i, item in enumerate(list_items):
+            item['classes'].append('hlist-item')
+            item['classes'].append(f'hlist-col-{i % ncolumns + 1}')
+        bullet_list['classes'].append('hlist')
+        return [bullet_list]
+

 class Only(SphinxDirective):
     """
@@ -120,6 +203,15 @@ class Only(SphinxDirective):
     final_argument_whitespace = True
     option_spec: ClassVar[OptionSpec] = {}

+    def run(self) -> list[Node]:
+        node = addnodes.only()
+        node.document = self.state.document
+        set_source_info(self, node)
+        node['expr'] = self.arguments[0]
+        self.state.nested_parse(self.content, self.content_offset, node,
+                                match_titles=True)
+        return [node]
+

 class Include(BaseInclude, SphinxDirective):
     """
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/_index.py b/sphinx/domains/_index.py
index ef50b53cd..cba997097 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/_index.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/_index.py
@@ -104,4 +104,4 @@ class Index(ABC):
         Qualifier and description are not rendered for some output formats such
         as LaTeX.
         """
-        pass
+        raise NotImplementedError("Subclasses must implement the generate method")
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/c/_parser.py b/sphinx/domains/c/_parser.py
index c92013687..4e0a2d164 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/c/_parser.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/c/_parser.py
@@ -13,7 +13,31 @@ class DefinitionParser(BaseParser):
     def _parse_decl_specs_simple(self, outer: (str | None), typed: bool
         ) ->ASTDeclSpecsSimple:
         """Just parse the simple ones."""
-        pass
+        specs = []
+        while True:
+            if len(self.tokens) == 0:
+                break
+            token = self.tokens[0]
+            if token.kind == 'keyword':
+                if token.value in _simple_type_specifiers_re:
+                    specs.append(token.value)
+                    self.tokens.pop(0)
+                else:
+                    break
+            elif token.kind == 'identifier':
+                if _simple_type_specifiers_re.match(token.value):
+                    specs.append(token.value)
+                    self.tokens.pop(0)
+                else:
+                    break
+            else:
+                break
+        if len(specs) == 0:
+            if typed:
+                self.fail("Expected type specifier in declaration.")
+            else:
+                return None
+        return ASTDeclSpecsSimple(specs)

     def _parse_type(self, named: (bool | str), outer: (str | None)=None
         ) ->ASTType:
@@ -21,4 +45,13 @@ class DefinitionParser(BaseParser):
         named=False|'single'|True: 'single' is e.g., for function objects which
         doesn't need to name the arguments, but otherwise is a single name
         """
-        pass
+        declSpecs = self._parse_decl_specs_simple(outer, typed=True)
+        if declSpecs is None:
+            self.fail("Expected type")
+        
+        decl = self._parse_declarator(named=named, typed=False)
+        
+        if decl is None:
+            return ASTType(declSpecs, None)
+        else:
+            return ASTType(declSpecs, decl)
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/cpp/_parser.py b/sphinx/domains/cpp/_parser.py
index f09b4224d..50e139e4f 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/cpp/_parser.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/cpp/_parser.py
@@ -15,7 +15,55 @@ class DefinitionParser(BaseParser):
     def _parse_decl_specs_simple(self, outer: str, typed: bool
         ) ->ASTDeclSpecsSimple:
         """Just parse the simple ones."""
-        pass
+        storage = None
+        threadLocal = None
+        inline = None
+        virtual = None
+        explicit = None
+        constexpr = None
+        volatile = None
+        const = None
+        friend = None
+        attrs = None
+
+        while True:
+            pos = self.pos
+            try:
+                # Check for simple type specifiers
+                if self.match(_simple_type_specifiers_re):
+                    self.skip_ws()
+                    continue
+                # Check for storage class specifiers
+                elif self.match(r'static|extern|register|mutable'):
+                    if storage is not None:
+                        self.fail("Multiple storage class specifiers")
+                    storage = self.matched_text
+                elif self.match('thread_local'):
+                    threadLocal = True
+                elif self.match('inline'):
+                    inline = True
+                elif self.match('virtual'):
+                    virtual = True
+                elif self.match('explicit'):
+                    explicit = True
+                elif self.match('constexpr'):
+                    constexpr = True
+                elif self.match('volatile'):
+                    volatile = True
+                elif self.match('const'):
+                    const = True
+                elif self.match('friend'):
+                    friend = True
+                else:
+                    break
+                self.skip_ws()
+            except DefinitionError:
+                self.pos = pos
+                break
+
+        return ASTDeclSpecsSimple(storage, threadLocal, inline, virtual,
+                                  explicit, constexpr, volatile, const,
+                                  friend, attrs)

     def _parse_type(self, named: (bool | str), outer: (str | None)=None
         ) ->ASTType:
@@ -25,4 +73,19 @@ class DefinitionParser(BaseParser):

         outer == operatorCast: annoying case, we should not take the params
         """
-        pass
+        if outer == 'operatorCast':
+            # Special case for cast operators
+            declSpecs = self._parse_decl_specs_simple('operatorCast', typed=True)
+            decl = self._parse_declarator(named=True, paramMode='operatorCast')
+            return ASTType(declSpecs, decl)
+
+        declSpecs = self._parse_decl_specs_simple(outer, typed=True)
+
+        if self.skip_string('...'):
+            # Parameter pack
+            if not named:
+                self.fail("Unnamed parameter pack.")
+            return ASTType(declSpecs, ASTDeclaratorParamPack())
+
+        decl = self._parse_declarator(named=named, paramMode=outer)
+        return ASTType(declSpecs, decl)
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/index.py b/sphinx/domains/index.py
index 312617719..e0f70ad38 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/index.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/index.py
@@ -26,7 +26,12 @@ class IndexDomain(Domain):
     def process_doc(self, env: BuildEnvironment, docname: str, document: Node
         ) ->None:
         """Process a document after it is read by the environment."""
-        pass
+        for node in document.traverse(addnodes.index):
+            entries = node['entries']
+            for entry in entries:
+                split_entries = split_index_msg(entry[1])
+                for (type, value, target, main, key_) in split_entries:
+                    self.add_entry(type, value, target, main, docname)


 class IndexDirective(SphinxDirective):
@@ -39,6 +44,26 @@ class IndexDirective(SphinxDirective):
     final_argument_whitespace = True
     option_spec: ClassVar[OptionSpec] = {'name': directives.unchanged}

+    def run(self) -> list[Node]:
+        arguments = self.arguments[0].split('\n')
+        targetid = 'index-%s' % self.env.new_serialno('index')
+        targetnode = nodes.target('', '', ids=[targetid])
+        self.state.document.note_explicit_target(targetnode)
+        indexnode = addnodes.index()
+        indexnode['entries'] = []
+        for entry in arguments:
+            indexnode['entries'].extend(process_index_entry(entry, targetid))
+        return [indexnode, targetnode]
+

 class IndexRole(ReferenceRole):
-    pass
+    def run(self) -> tuple[list[Node], list[system_message]]:
+        target = self.target
+        title = self.title
+        index = addnodes.index(entries=[('single', target, '', '', None)])
+        target_id = 'index-%s' % self.env.new_serialno('index')
+        target = nodes.target('', '', ids=[target_id])
+        reference = nodes.reference('', '', internal=True, refid=target_id,
+                                    classes=['index'])
+        reference += nodes.Text(title, title)
+        return [index, target, reference], []
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/javascript.py b/sphinx/domains/javascript.py
index 760e3b217..5dcd3094d 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/javascript.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/javascript.py
@@ -45,7 +45,48 @@ class JSObject(ObjectDescription[tuple[str, str]]):
         namespace and class will be determined by the nesting of domain
         directives.
         """
-        pass
+        sig = sig.strip()
+        if '(' in sig and sig[-1:] == ')':
+            prefix, arglist = sig.split('(', 1)
+            prefix = prefix.strip()
+            arglist = arglist[:-1].strip()
+        else:
+            prefix = sig
+            arglist = None
+        
+        modname = self.options.get('module', self.env.ref_context.get('js:module'))
+        classname = self.env.ref_context.get('js:class')
+        
+        if classname:
+            add_module = False
+            if prefix and prefix != classname:
+                fullname = classname + '.' + prefix
+            else:
+                fullname = classname
+        else:
+            add_module = True
+            fullname = prefix
+
+        if modname and add_module:
+            fullname = modname + '.' + fullname
+
+        signode['module'] = modname
+        signode['class'] = classname
+        signode['fullname'] = fullname
+        
+        sig_prefix = self.get_signature_prefix(sig)
+        if sig_prefix:
+            signode += addnodes.desc_annotation(sig_prefix, sig_prefix)
+        
+        if prefix:
+            signode += addnodes.desc_name(prefix, prefix)
+        if self.has_arguments:
+            if not arglist:
+                signode += addnodes.desc_parameterlist()
+            else:
+                _pseudo_parse_arglist(signode, arglist)
+        
+        return fullname, prefix

     def before_content(self) ->None:
         """Handle object nesting before content
@@ -71,7 +112,12 @@ class JSObject(ObjectDescription[tuple[str, str]]):
                 Current object prefix. This should generally reflect the last
                 element in the prefix history
         """
-        pass
+        if self.names:
+            fullname = self.names[0][0]
+            if self.allow_nesting:
+                objects = self.env.ref_context.setdefault('js:objects', [])
+                objects.append(fullname)
+            self.env.ref_context['js:object'] = fullname

     def after_content(self) ->None:
         """Handle object de-nesting after content
@@ -83,7 +129,11 @@ class JSObject(ObjectDescription[tuple[str, str]]):
         be altered as we didn't affect the nesting levels in
         :py:meth:`before_content`.
         """
-        pass
+        if self.allow_nesting:
+            objects = self.env.ref_context.setdefault('js:objects', [])
+            if objects:
+                objects.pop()
+        self.env.ref_context['js:object'] = None


 class JSCallable(JSObject):
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/math.py b/sphinx/domains/math.py
index 18f76a695..68c5efab2 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/math.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/math.py
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


 class MathReferenceRole(XRefRole):
-    pass
+    def result_nodes(self, document: Node, env: BuildEnvironment, node: Element,
+                     is_ref: bool) -> tuple[list[Node], list[system_message]]:
+        node['refdomain'] = 'math'
+        return [node], []


 class MathDomain(Domain):
@@ -30,3 +33,48 @@ class MathDomain(Domain):
     dangling_warnings = {'eq': 'equation not found: %(target)s'}
     enumerable_nodes = {nodes.math_block: ('displaymath', None)}
     roles = {'numref': MathReferenceRole()}
+
+    def get_objects(self) -> Iterable[tuple[str, str, str, str, str, int]]:
+        return []
+
+    def resolve_xref(self, env: BuildEnvironment, fromdocname: str, builder: Builder,
+                     typ: str, target: str, node: pending_xref, contnode: Element
+                     ) -> Element | None:
+        if typ == 'eq':
+            try:
+                docname, labelid = self.data['objects'][target]
+                return make_refnode(builder, fromdocname, docname, labelid, contnode)
+            except KeyError:
+                return None
+        return None
+
+    def add_equation(self, env: BuildEnvironment, docname: str, labelid: str, node: Element) -> None:
+        if not hasattr(env, 'math_equations'):
+            env.math_equations = {}
+        env.math_equations[labelid] = {
+            'docname': docname,
+            'equation': node['latex'],
+            'lineno': node.line,
+            'target': f'equation-{labelid}'
+        }
+        self.data['objects'][labelid] = (docname, labelid)
+        self.data['has_equations'][docname] = True
+
+    def process_doc(self, env: BuildEnvironment, docname: str, document: Node) -> None:
+        for node in document.traverse(nodes.math_block):
+            if node['label']:
+                self.add_equation(env, docname, node['label'], node)
+
+    def merge_domaindata(self, docnames: list[str], otherdata: dict) -> None:
+        for labelid, (fn, _) in otherdata['objects'].items():
+            if fn in docnames:
+                self.data['objects'][labelid] = otherdata['objects'][labelid]
+        for docname in docnames:
+            if docname in otherdata['has_equations']:
+                self.data['has_equations'][docname] = True
+
+    def clear_doc(self, docname: str) -> None:
+        for labelid, (fn, _) in list(self.data['objects'].items()):
+            if fn == docname:
+                del self.data['objects'][labelid]
+        self.data['has_equations'].pop(docname, None)
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/python/_annotations.py b/sphinx/domains/python/_annotations.py
index bc2418143..30e05f681 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/python/_annotations.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/python/_annotations.py
@@ -20,18 +20,64 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 def parse_reftarget(reftarget: str, suppress_prefix: bool=False) ->tuple[
     str, str, str, bool]:
     """Parse a type string and return (reftype, reftarget, title, refspecific flag)"""
-    pass
+    reftype = ''
+    title = reftarget
+    refspecific = False
+
+    if '.' in reftarget:
+        module, name = reftarget.rsplit('.', 1)
+        if not suppress_prefix:
+            reftype = 'obj'
+        reftarget = name
+        title = module + '.' + name
+        refspecific = True
+    elif reftarget.startswith('~'):
+        reftarget = reftarget[1:]
+        dot = reftarget.rfind('.')
+        if dot != -1:
+            title = reftarget[dot + 1:]
+    
+    return reftype, reftarget, title, refspecific


 def type_to_xref(target: str, env: BuildEnvironment, *, suppress_prefix:
     bool=False) ->addnodes.pending_xref:
     """Convert a type string to a cross reference node."""
-    pass
+    reftype, reftarget, title, refspecific = parse_reftarget(target, suppress_prefix)
+    
+    if reftype:
+        domain = 'py'
+    else:
+        domain = 'py'
+        reftype = 'obj'
+    
+    return addnodes.pending_xref(
+        '', nodes.Text(title),
+        refdomain=domain, reftype=reftype, reftarget=reftarget,
+        refspecific=refspecific,
+        py_module=env.ref_context.get('py:module'),
+        py_class=env.ref_context.get('py:class')
+    )


 def _parse_annotation(annotation: str, env: BuildEnvironment) ->list[Node]:
     """Parse type annotation."""
-    pass
+    result = []
+    for token in ast.parse(annotation).body[0].value.elts:
+        if isinstance(token, ast.Str):
+            result.append(nodes.Text(token.s))
+        elif isinstance(token, ast.Name):
+            result.append(type_to_xref(token.id, env))
+        elif isinstance(token, ast.Attribute):
+            attrs = []
+            node = token
+            while isinstance(node, ast.Attribute):
+                attrs.insert(0, node.attr)
+                node = node.value
+            if isinstance(node, ast.Name):
+                attrs.insert(0, node.id)
+            result.append(type_to_xref('.'.join(attrs), env))
+    return result


 class _TypeParameterListParser(TokenProcessor):
@@ -45,13 +91,61 @@ class _TypeParameterListParser(TokenProcessor):
 def _parse_type_list(tp_list: str, env: BuildEnvironment,
     multi_line_parameter_list: bool=False) ->addnodes.desc_type_parameter_list:
     """Parse a list of type parameters according to PEP 695."""
-    pass
+    parser = _TypeParameterListParser(tp_list)
+    params = parser.type_params
+    
+    paramlist = addnodes.desc_type_parameter_list()
+    for name, pos, bound, default in params:
+        param = addnodes.desc_type_parameter()
+        param += nodes.Text(name)
+        if bound:
+            param += nodes.Text(': ')
+            param += _parse_annotation(bound, env)
+        if default:
+            param += nodes.Text(' = ')
+            param += _parse_annotation(default, env)
+        paramlist += param
+    
+    if multi_line_parameter_list:
+        paramlist['multi_line_parameter_list'] = True
+    
+    return paramlist


 def _parse_arglist(arglist: str, env: BuildEnvironment,
     multi_line_parameter_list: bool=False) ->addnodes.desc_parameterlist:
     """Parse a list of arguments using AST parser"""
-    pass
+    params = ast.parse(f'def func({arglist}): pass').body[0].args
+    
+    paramlist = addnodes.desc_parameterlist()
+    for param in params.args + params.kwonlyargs:
+        param_node = addnodes.desc_parameter()
+        param_node += nodes.Text(param.arg)
+        if param.annotation:
+            param_node += nodes.Text(': ')
+            param_node += _parse_annotation(ast.unparse(param.annotation), env)
+        paramlist += param_node
+    
+    if params.vararg:
+        param_node = addnodes.desc_parameter()
+        param_node += nodes.Text(f'*{params.vararg.arg}')
+        if params.vararg.annotation:
+            param_node += nodes.Text(': ')
+            param_node += _parse_annotation(ast.unparse(params.vararg.annotation), env)
+        paramlist += param_node
+    
+    if params.kwarg:
+        param_node = addnodes.desc_parameter()
+        param_node += nodes.Text(f'**{params.kwarg.arg}')
+        if params.kwarg.annotation:
+            param_node += nodes.Text(': ')
+            param_node += _parse_annotation(ast.unparse(params.kwarg.annotation), env)
+        paramlist += param_node
+    
+    if multi_line_parameter_list:
+        paramlist['multi_line_parameter_list'] = True
+    
+    return paramlist


 def _pseudo_parse_arglist(signode: desc_signature, arglist: str,
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/python/_object.py b/sphinx/domains/python/_object.py
index 317998cba..69477ad8b 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/python/_object.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/python/_object.py
@@ -79,13 +79,13 @@ class PyObject(ObjectDescription[tuple[str, str]]):
         """May return a prefix to put before the object name in the
         signature.
         """
-        pass
+        return []

     def needs_arglist(self) ->bool:
         """May return true if an empty argument list is to be generated even if
         the document contains none.
         """
-        pass
+        return False

     def handle_signature(self, sig: str, signode: desc_signature) ->tuple[
         str, str]:
@@ -97,11 +97,72 @@ class PyObject(ObjectDescription[tuple[str, str]]):
         * it is stripped from the displayed name if present
         * it is added to the full name (return value) if not present
         """
-        pass
+        m = py_sig_re.match(sig)
+        if m is None:
+            raise ValueError
+        
+        name_prefix, name, arglist, retann = m.groups()
+
+        # determine module and class name (if applicable), as well as full name
+        modname = self.options.get('module', self.env.ref_context.get('py:module'))
+        classname = self.env.ref_context.get('py:class')
+        if classname:
+            add_module = False
+            if name_prefix and name_prefix.startswith(classname):
+                fullname = name_prefix + name
+                # class name is given again in the signature
+                name_prefix = name_prefix[len(classname):].lstrip('.')
+            elif name_prefix:
+                # class name is given in the signature, but different
+                # (shouldn't happen)
+                fullname = classname + '.' + name_prefix + name
+            else:
+                # class name is not given in the signature
+                fullname = classname + '.' + name
+        else:
+            add_module = True
+            if name_prefix:
+                classname = name_prefix.rstrip('.')
+                fullname = name_prefix + name
+            else:
+                classname = ''
+                fullname = name
+
+        signode['module'] = modname
+        signode['class'] = classname
+        signode['fullname'] = fullname
+
+        sig_prefix = self.get_signature_prefix(sig)
+        if sig_prefix:
+            signode += sig_prefix
+
+        if name_prefix:
+            signode += addnodes.desc_addname(name_prefix, name_prefix)
+        # exceptions are a special case, since they are documented in the
+        # 'exceptions' module.
+        elif add_module and self.env.config.add_module_names:
+            modname = self.options.get('module', self.env.ref_context.get('py:module'))
+            if modname and modname != 'exceptions':
+                nodetext = modname + '.'
+                signode += addnodes.desc_addname(nodetext, nodetext)
+
+        signode += addnodes.desc_name(name, name)
+        if arglist:
+            try:
+                signode += _parse_arglist(arglist, self.env)
+            except SyntaxError:
+                # fallback to parse arglist original string
+                signode += addnodes.desc_parameterlist(arglist, arglist)
+
+        if retann:
+            children = _parse_annotation(retann, self.env)
+            signode += addnodes.desc_returns(retann, '', *children)
+
+        return fullname, name_prefix

     def get_index_text(self, modname: str, name: tuple[str, str]) ->str:
         """Return the text for the index entry of the object."""
-        pass
+        return f"{name[0]} ({modname})"

     def before_content(self) ->None:
         """Handle object nesting before content
@@ -115,7 +176,15 @@ class PyObject(ObjectDescription[tuple[str, str]]):
         only the most recent object is tracked. This object prefix name will be
         removed with :py:meth:`after_content`.
         """
-        pass
+        if self.names:
+            fullname = self.names[-1][0]
+            if self.allow_nesting:
+                prefix = fullname + '.'
+                self.env.ref_context['py:class'] = fullname
+                if prefix not in self.env.temp_data.get('py:class_stack', []):
+                    self.env.temp_data.setdefault('py:class_stack', []).append(prefix)
+            else:
+                self.env.temp_data['py:last_class'] = fullname

     def after_content(self) ->None:
         """Handle object de-nesting after content
@@ -127,4 +196,13 @@ class PyObject(ObjectDescription[tuple[str, str]]):
         be altered as we didn't affect the nesting levels in
         :py:meth:`before_content`.
         """
-        pass
+        if self.allow_nesting:
+            class_stack = self.env.temp_data.get('py:class_stack', [])
+            if class_stack:
+                class_stack.pop()
+            if class_stack:
+                self.env.ref_context['py:class'] = class_stack[-1].rstrip('.')
+            else:
+                self.env.ref_context.pop('py:class', None)
+        else:
+            self.env.temp_data.pop('py:last_class', None)
diff --git a/sphinx/domains/rst.py b/sphinx/domains/rst.py
index fb22cbab5..cd06103e3 100644
--- a/sphinx/domains/rst.py
+++ b/sphinx/domains/rst.py
@@ -38,7 +38,12 @@ def parse_directive(d: str) ->tuple[str, str]:
     Returns (directive, arguments) string tuple.  If no arguments are given,
     returns (directive, '').
     """
-    pass
+    match = dir_sig_re.match(d.strip())
+    if match:
+        directive = match.group(1).strip()
+        arguments = match.group(2).strip()
+        return directive, arguments
+    return d.strip(), ''


 class ReSTDirective(ReSTMarkup):
diff --git a/sphinx/environment/adapters/asset.py b/sphinx/environment/adapters/asset.py
index 524c29ad4..72c34f69e 100644
--- a/sphinx/environment/adapters/asset.py
+++ b/sphinx/environment/adapters/asset.py
@@ -10,4 +10,6 @@ class ImageAdapter:

     def get_original_image_uri(self, name: str) ->str:
         """Get the original image URI."""
-        pass
+        if name in self.env.images:
+            return self.env.images[name][0]
+        return name
diff --git a/sphinx/environment/adapters/indexentries.py b/sphinx/environment/adapters/indexentries.py
index bb2768a33..a1cd79603 100644
--- a/sphinx/environment/adapters/indexentries.py
+++ b/sphinx/environment/adapters/indexentries.py
@@ -35,24 +35,90 @@ class IndexEntries:
     def create_index(self, builder: Builder, group_entries: bool=True,
         _fixre: re.Pattern[str]=re.compile('(.*) ([(][^()]*[)])')) ->_Index:
         """Create the real index from the collected index entries."""
-        pass
+        self.builder = builder
+
+        content = {}
+
+        # collect all entries
+        for docname in self.env.found_docs:
+            if docname not in self.env.indexentries:
+                continue
+            for entry in self.env.indexentries[docname]:
+                entry_type = entry[2]
+                if entry_type == 'main':
+                    key, targets = entry[1], [(docname, entry[3])]
+                elif entry_type == 'pair':
+                    key, targets = entry[1], [(docname, entry[3])]
+                    key2, targets2 = entry[4], [(docname, entry[5])]
+                    content.setdefault(key2, ([], {}, None))[0].extend(targets2)
+                elif entry_type == 'triple':
+                    key, targets = entry[1], [(docname, entry[3])]
+                    key2, targets2 = entry[4], [(docname, entry[5])]
+                    key3, targets3 = entry[6], [(docname, entry[7])]
+                    content.setdefault(key2, ([], {}, None))[0].extend(targets2)
+                    content.setdefault(key3, ([], {}, None))[0].extend(targets3)
+                else:
+                    continue
+
+                # if there is a parenthesis in the key, put the parenthesized
+                # part before the main part
+                match = _fixre.match(key)
+                if match:
+                    key = match.group(2) + ' ' + match.group(1)
+                content.setdefault(key, ([], {}, entry[0]))[0].extend(targets)
+
+        # sort and group the entries
+        result = sorted(content.items(), key=_key_func_1)
+
+        if group_entries:
+            # group the entries by letter or category key
+            grouped_result = []
+            for group_key, group_items in groupby(result, key=_group_by_func):
+                grouped_result.append((group_key, list(group_items)))
+            result = grouped_result
+
+        return result


 def _key_func_0(entry: _IndexEntryTarget) ->tuple[bool, str | Literal[False]]:
     """Sort the index entries for same keyword."""
-    pass
+    # Sort by document name (second element of the tuple)
+    # If it's a string, return (True, document_name)
+    # If it's False, return (False, False)
+    return (isinstance(entry[1], str), entry[1])


 def _key_func_1(entry: tuple[str, _IndexEntry]) ->tuple[tuple[int, str], str]:
     """Sort the index entries"""
-    pass
+    key = entry[0].lower()
+    # Extract the first character and its Unicode category
+    first_char = key[0] if key else ''
+    category = unicodedata.category(first_char)
+
+    # Determine the sort key
+    if category.startswith('L'):  # Letter
+        sort_key = (0, key)
+    elif category.startswith('N'):  # Number
+        sort_key = (1, key)
+    else:  # Symbol or punctuation
+        sort_key = (2, key)
+
+    return (sort_key, key)


 def _key_func_2(entry: tuple[str, _IndexEntryTargets]) ->str:
     """Sort the sub-index entries"""
-    pass
+    return entry[0].lower()


 def _group_by_func(entry: tuple[str, _IndexEntry]) ->str:
     """Group the entries by letter or category key."""
-    pass
+    key = entry[0].lower()
+    if key.startswith('_'):
+        return '_'
+    elif key[0].isalpha():
+        return key[0].upper()
+    elif key[0].isdigit():
+        return '0 - 9'
+    else:
+        return 'Symbols'
diff --git a/sphinx/environment/adapters/toctree.py b/sphinx/environment/adapters/toctree.py
index e3afbc450..a866fa218 100644
--- a/sphinx/environment/adapters/toctree.py
+++ b/sphinx/environment/adapters/toctree.py
@@ -21,7 +21,14 @@ def note_toctree(env: BuildEnvironment, docname: str, toctreenode: addnodes
     """Note a TOC tree directive in a document and gather information about
     file relations from it.
     """
-    pass
+    for title, ref in toctreenode['entries']:
+        if url_re.match(ref) or ref == 'self':
+            continue
+        if ref in env.toctree_includes:
+            env.toctree_includes[ref].add(docname)
+        else:
+            env.toctree_includes[ref] = {docname}
+    env.tocs[docname] = toctreenode


 def document_toc(env: BuildEnvironment, docname: str, tags: Tags) ->Node:
@@ -31,7 +38,14 @@ def document_toc(env: BuildEnvironment, docname: str, tags: Tags) ->Node:
     For a ToC tree that shows the document's place in the
     ToC structure, use `get_toctree_for`.
     """
-    pass
+    doctree = env.get_doctree(docname)
+    toc = env.get_toc_for(docname, doctree)
+    
+    for node in toc.traverse(nodes.reference):
+        node['refuri'] = node['anchorname']
+    
+    _only_node_keep_children(toc, tags)
+    return toc


 def global_toctree_for_doc(env: BuildEnvironment, docname: str, builder:
@@ -41,7 +55,24 @@ def global_toctree_for_doc(env: BuildEnvironment, docname: str, builder:

     This gives the global ToC, with all ancestors and their siblings.
     """
-    pass
+    doctree = env.get_doctree(env.config.master_doc)
+    toctrees = []
+    for toctreenode in doctree.traverse(addnodes.toctree):
+        toctree = _resolve_toctree(env, docname, builder, toctreenode,
+                                   prune=False, maxdepth=maxdepth,
+                                   titles_only=titles_only, collapse=collapse,
+                                   includehidden=includehidden)
+        if toctree:
+            toctrees.append(toctree)
+    
+    if not toctrees:
+        return None
+    
+    result = toctrees[0]
+    for toctree in toctrees[1:]:
+        result.extend(toctree.children)
+    
+    return result


 def _resolve_toctree(env: BuildEnvironment, docname: str, builder: Builder,
@@ -59,7 +90,31 @@ def _resolve_toctree(env: BuildEnvironment, docname: str, builder: Builder,
     If *collapse* is True, all branches not containing docname will
     be collapsed.
     """
-    pass
+    if not toctree.get('entries'):
+        return None
+
+    maxdepth = maxdepth or toctree.get('maxdepth', -1)
+    toctree_ancestors = set(env.toctree_includes.get(docname, []))
+    included = Matcher(toctree.get('includefiles', []))
+    excluded = Matcher(toctree.get('excludefiles', []))
+
+    entries = _entries_from_toctree(
+        env, prune, titles_only, collapse, includehidden,
+        builder.tags, toctree_ancestors, included, excluded,
+        toctree, [docname]
+    )
+
+    if not entries:
+        return None
+
+    wrapper = nodes.bullet_list()
+    for entry in entries:
+        wrapper += entry
+
+    if prune:
+        wrapper = _toctree_copy(wrapper, 1, maxdepth, collapse, builder.tags)
+
+    return wrapper


 def _entries_from_toctree(env: BuildEnvironment, prune: bool, titles_only:
@@ -68,7 +123,48 @@ def _entries_from_toctree(env: BuildEnvironment, prune: bool, titles_only:
     toctreenode: addnodes.toctree, parents: list[str], subtree: bool=False
     ) ->list[Element]:
     """Return TOC entries for a toctree node."""
-    pass
+    entries = []
+    for (title, ref) in toctreenode['entries']:
+        if url_re.match(ref) or ref == 'self':
+            entries.append(nodes.reference(ref, title, refuri=ref))
+            continue
+
+        if ref in parents:
+            logger.warning(__('circular toctree references detected, ignoring: %s'),
+                           ' -> '.join(parents))
+            continue
+
+        if not included(ref) or excluded(ref):
+            continue
+
+        if ref not in env.tocs:
+            logger.warning(__('toctree contains reference to nonexisting document %r'),
+                           ref, location=toctreenode)
+            continue
+
+        toc = env.tocs[ref]
+        if not toc.traverse(nodes.section):
+            continue
+
+        entry = _toctree_copy(toc, 1, 1, collapse, tags)
+        if title and title != clean_astext(toc[0]):
+            entry[0].insert(0, nodes.Text(title))
+
+        if not subtree and ref in toctree_ancestors:
+            _toctree_add_classes(entry[0], 1, ref)
+
+        entries.append(entry)
+
+        if includehidden:
+            for subnode in toc.traverse(addnodes.toctree):
+                subentries = _entries_from_toctree(
+                    env, prune, titles_only, collapse, includehidden,
+                    tags, toctree_ancestors, included, excluded,
+                    subnode, parents + [ref], subtree=True
+                )
+                entries.extend(subentries)
+
+    return entries


 def _toctree_add_classes(node: Element, depth: int, docname: str) ->None:
diff --git a/sphinx/environment/collectors/asset.py b/sphinx/environment/collectors/asset.py
index 7fe3a334b..c3bac6dbb 100644
--- a/sphinx/environment/collectors/asset.py
+++ b/sphinx/environment/collectors/asset.py
@@ -25,7 +25,27 @@ class ImageCollector(EnvironmentCollector):

     def process_doc(self, app: Sphinx, doctree: nodes.document) ->None:
         """Process and rewrite image URIs."""
-        pass
+        env = app.env
+        for node in doctree.traverse(nodes.image):
+            uri = node['uri']
+            if uri.startswith('data:'):
+                continue  # Skip data URIs
+
+            # Handle language-specific images
+            if env.config.language:
+                new_uri = get_image_filename_for_language(uri, env)
+                if new_uri:
+                    node['uri'] = new_uri
+                    continue
+
+            # Rewrite relative URIs
+            if '://' not in uri and not uri.startswith('/'):
+                node['uri'] = path.join(env.docname, uri)
+                node['candidates'] = {'*': node['uri']}
+
+            # Add to environment's image list
+            if node['uri'] not in env.images:
+                env.images[node['uri']] = (env.docname, node['uri'])


 class DownloadFileCollector(EnvironmentCollector):
@@ -33,4 +53,21 @@ class DownloadFileCollector(EnvironmentCollector):

     def process_doc(self, app: Sphinx, doctree: nodes.document) ->None:
         """Process downloadable file paths."""
-        pass
+        env = app.env
+        for node in doctree.traverse(addnodes.download_reference):
+            if 'filename' not in node:
+                continue
+
+            filename = node['filename']
+            if '://' in filename or filename.startswith('/'):
+                continue  # Skip absolute URIs or external links
+
+            # Rewrite relative paths
+            docdir = path.dirname(env.doc2path(env.docname, base=None))
+            filepath = path.normpath(path.join(docdir, filename))
+            if path.isfile(path.join(env.srcdir, filepath)):
+                node['filename'] = filepath
+                env.dependencies[env.docname].add(filepath)
+            else:
+                logger.warning(__('download file not found: %s') % filename,
+                               location=node)
diff --git a/sphinx/environment/collectors/dependencies.py b/sphinx/environment/collectors/dependencies.py
index 25637aa67..92e74dc01 100644
--- a/sphinx/environment/collectors/dependencies.py
+++ b/sphinx/environment/collectors/dependencies.py
@@ -18,4 +18,23 @@ class DependenciesCollector(EnvironmentCollector):

     def process_doc(self, app: Sphinx, doctree: nodes.document) ->None:
         """Process docutils-generated dependency info."""
-        pass
+        env = app.env
+        docname = env.docname
+
+        # Get the current file's directory
+        base_dir = path.dirname(env.doc2path(docname, base=None))
+
+        for node in doctree.traverse(nodes.dependent):
+            dep = node['name']
+            if path.isabs(dep):
+                env.note_dependency(dep)
+            else:
+                rel_filename = relative_path(base_dir, dep)
+                try:
+                    # Try to decode the filename using the filesystem encoding
+                    filename = rel_filename.encode(fs_encoding).decode('utf-8')
+                except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                    # If decoding fails, use the original filename
+                    filename = rel_filename
+
+                env.note_dependency(path.normpath(path.join(base_dir, filename)))
diff --git a/sphinx/environment/collectors/metadata.py b/sphinx/environment/collectors/metadata.py
index 199b4eb5e..7995bfe4e 100644
--- a/sphinx/environment/collectors/metadata.py
+++ b/sphinx/environment/collectors/metadata.py
@@ -17,4 +17,14 @@ class MetadataCollector(EnvironmentCollector):

         Keep processing minimal -- just return what docutils says.
         """
-        pass
+        metadata = {}
+        for node in doctree.traverse(nodes.docinfo):
+            for child in node.children:
+                if isinstance(child, nodes.field):
+                    field_name = child.children[0].astext()
+                    field_body = child.children[1].astext()
+                    metadata[field_name] = field_body
+                elif isinstance(child, nodes.TextElement):
+                    metadata[child.__class__.__name__] = child.astext()
+        
+        doctree.settings.env.metadata[doctree.get('source')] = metadata
diff --git a/sphinx/environment/collectors/title.py b/sphinx/environment/collectors/title.py
index 640a7a3a2..16cc5fbbd 100644
--- a/sphinx/environment/collectors/title.py
+++ b/sphinx/environment/collectors/title.py
@@ -13,8 +13,24 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 class TitleCollector(EnvironmentCollector):
     """title collector for sphinx.environment."""

-    def process_doc(self, app: Sphinx, doctree: nodes.document) ->None:
+    def process_doc(self, app: Sphinx, doctree: nodes.document) -> None:
         """Add a title node to the document (just copy the first section title),
         and store that title in the environment.
         """
-        pass
+        titlenode = nodes.title()
+        visitor = SphinxContentsFilter(doctree)
+        doctree.walkabout(visitor)
+        if visitor.title:
+            titlenode += visitor.title
+        else:
+            # if no title exists, use the document's first heading as the title
+            for node in doctree.traverse(nodes.section):
+                if node.children and isinstance(node.children[0], nodes.title):
+                    titlenode += node.children[0].deepcopy()
+                    break
+
+        if titlenode:
+            doctree.insert(0, titlenode)
+            app.env.titles[app.env.docname] = titlenode
+        else:
+            app.env.titles[app.env.docname] = None
diff --git a/sphinx/environment/collectors/toctree.py b/sphinx/environment/collectors/toctree.py
index c429eda00..0ecb02280 100644
--- a/sphinx/environment/collectors/toctree.py
+++ b/sphinx/environment/collectors/toctree.py
@@ -22,12 +22,173 @@ class TocTreeCollector(EnvironmentCollector):

     def process_doc(self, app: Sphinx, doctree: nodes.document) ->None:
         """Build a TOC from the doctree and store it in the inventory."""
-        pass
+        docname = app.env.docname
+        numentries = [0]  # nonlocal again...
+
+        def traverse_in_section(node: Element, cls: type[N]) ->list[N]:
+            result = []
+            if isinstance(node, cls):
+                result.append(node)
+            for child in node.children:
+                if isinstance(child, nodes.section):
+                    continue
+                result.extend(traverse_in_section(child, cls))
+            return result
+
+        def build_toc(node: Element, depth: int = 1) ->None:
+            entries = []
+            for sectionnode in node:
+                if not isinstance(sectionnode, nodes.section):
+                    continue
+                title = sectionnode.next_node(nodes.title)
+                if not title:
+                    # empty section
+                    continue
+                if depth > app.config.toc_maxdepth:
+                    # don't go deeper than toc_maxdepth
+                    continue
+                reference = nodes.reference('', '', internal=True,
+                                            refuri=app.builder.get_relative_uri(docname, docname),
+                                            anchorname=title['ids'][0],
+                                            *title.children)
+                para = addnodes.compact_paragraph('', '', reference)
+                item = nodes.list_item('', para)
+                sub_item = build_toc(sectionnode, depth + 1)
+                item += sub_item
+                entries.append(item)
+                numentries[0] += 1
+            if entries:
+                return nodes.bullet_list('', *entries)
+            return []
+
+        toc = build_toc(doctree)
+        if toc:
+            app.env.tocs[docname] = toc
+        else:
+            app.env.tocs[docname] = nodes.bullet_list('')
+        app.env.toc_num_entries[docname] = numentries[0]
+
+        # store labels of this doc to environment
+        for labelid, labelnode in doctree.nametypes.items():
+            if not isinstance(labelnode, nodes.Element):
+                continue
+            if labelid not in doctree.ids:
+                continue
+            node = doctree.ids[labelid]
+            if isinstance(node, nodes.target):
+                node = node.parent
+            if isinstance(node, (nodes.section, nodes.table, nodes.figure)):
+                sectname = node.next_node(nodes.title).astext() if isinstance(node, nodes.section) else ''
+                app.env.labels[labelid] = app.env.docname, node['ids'][0], sectname
+                app.env.anonlabels[labelid] = app.env.docname, node['ids'][0]
+
+        # add labels from the "label" directive
+        for name, explicit in list(doctree.nametypes.items()):
+            if not explicit:
+                continue
+            labelid = doctree.nameids[name]
+            if labelid is None:
+                continue
+            node = doctree.ids[labelid]
+            if isinstance(node, nodes.target):
+                node = node.parent
+            if isinstance(node, (nodes.section, nodes.table, nodes.figure)):
+                sectname = node.next_node(nodes.title).astext() if isinstance(node, nodes.section) else ''
+                app.env.labels[name] = app.env.docname, node['ids'][0], sectname
+                app.env.anonlabels[name] = app.env.docname, node['ids'][0]

     def assign_section_numbers(self, env: BuildEnvironment) ->list[str]:
         """Assign a section number to each heading under a numbered toctree."""
-        pass
+        def _walk_toc(node: Element, secnums: dict[str, tuple[int, ...]], depth: int, titlenode: Element | None = None) ->None:
+            # titlenode is the title of the document, it will get assigned a
+            # secnumber too, so that it shows up in next/prev/parent rellinks
+            for subnode in node.children:
+                if isinstance(subnode, nodes.bullet_list):
+                    numstack.append(0)
+                    _walk_toc(subnode, secnums, depth - 1, titlenode)
+                    numstack.pop()
+                    titlenode = None
+                elif isinstance(subnode, nodes.list_item):
+                    _walk_toc(subnode, secnums, depth, titlenode)
+                    titlenode = None
+                elif isinstance(subnode, addnodes.compact_paragraph):
+                    numstack[-1] += 1
+                    if depth > 0:
+                        number = tuple(numstack)
+                        secnums[subnode[0]['anchorname']] = number
+                        for refnode in subnode[0]['refuri']:
+                            if refnode.hasattr('secnumber'):
+                                refnode['secnumber'] = number
+                        if titlenode:
+                            titlenode['secnumber'] = number
+                            titlenode = None
+                elif isinstance(subnode, addnodes.toctree):
+                    _walk_toctree(subnode)
+
+        def _walk_toctree(toctreenode: addnodes.toctree) ->None:
+            if 'numbered' in toctreenode:
+                numstack.append(0)
+                for title, ref in toctreenode['entries']:
+                    if url_re.match(ref) or ref == 'self':
+                        continue
+                    if ref in env.tocs:
+                        _walk_toc(env.tocs[ref], secnums, depth,
+                                  env.titles.get(ref))
+                    numstack[-1] += 1
+                numstack.pop()
+
+        secnums: dict[str, tuple[int, ...]] = {}
+        depth = env.config.toc_secnumber_depth
+        numstack: list[int] = []
+        for docname in env.toctree_includes:
+            if docname not in env.tocs:
+                continue
+            _walk_toc(env.tocs[docname], secnums, depth,
+                      env.titles.get(docname))
+
+        for docname, secnum in secnums.items():
+            env.toc_secnumbers[docname] = secnum
+
+        return list(secnums.keys())

     def assign_figure_numbers(self, env: BuildEnvironment) ->list[str]:
         """Assign a figure number to each figure under a numbered toctree."""
-        pass
+        fignum_builders = {
+            'arabic': lambda x: str(x),
+            'loweralpha': lambda x: chr(ord('a') + x - 1),
+            'upperalpha': lambda x: chr(ord('A') + x - 1),
+            'lowerroman': lambda x: int_to_roman(x).lower(),
+            'upperroman': lambda x: int_to_roman(x),
+        }
+
+        def get_figtype(node: Element) ->str | None:
+            for figtype in env.config.numfig_format:
+                if node.get('figtype') == figtype:
+                    return figtype
+            return None
+
+        def get_next_fignumber(figtype: str) ->int:
+            fignumber = env.toc_fignumbers.get(env.docname, {})
+            figure_id = fignumber.get(figtype, 0) + 1
+            fignumber[figtype] = figure_id
+            env.toc_fignumbers[env.docname] = fignumber
+            return figure_id
+
+        def get_fignumber(figtype: str, fignumber: int) ->str:
+            builder = fignum_builders[env.config.numfig_format.get(figtype, 'arabic')]
+            return builder(fignumber)
+
+        numbered: list[str] = []
+        for docname, toc in env.tocs.items():
+            secnumber = env.toc_secnumbers.get(docname, ())
+            env.docname = docname
+            for node in toc.traverse(nodes.reference):
+                if node.get('refuri') in env.tocs:
+                    continue
+                figtype = get_figtype(node)
+                if figtype:
+                    fignumber = get_next_fignumber(figtype)
+                    node['fignumber'] = get_fignumber(figtype, fignumber)
+                    numbered.append(node['refuri'])
+
+        return numbered
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/apidoc.py b/sphinx/ext/apidoc.py
index 255a1c96b..350e2b7f7 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/apidoc.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/apidoc.py
@@ -41,29 +41,49 @@ template_dir = path.join(package_dir, 'templates', 'apidoc')

 def is_initpy(filename: (str | Path)) ->bool:
     """Check *filename* is __init__ file or not."""
-    pass
+    return Path(filename).name == '__init__.py'


 def module_join(*modnames: (str | None)) ->str:
     """Join module names with dots."""
-    pass
+    return '.'.join(filter(None, modnames))


 def is_packagedir(dirname: (str | None)=None, files: (list[str] | None)=None
     ) ->bool:
     """Check given *files* contains __init__ file."""
-    pass
+    if dirname is not None:
+        files = os.listdir(dirname)
+    return '__init__.py' in (files or [])


 def write_file(name: str, text: str, opts: CliOptions) ->Path:
     """Write the output file for module/package <name>."""
-    pass
+    fname = Path(opts.destdir) / f"{name}.{opts.suffix}"
+    if opts.dryrun:
+        logger.info(__('[dry run] Would create file %s'), fname)
+        return fname
+    logger.info(__('Creating file %s.'), fname)
+    with FileAvoidWrite(fname) as f:
+        f.write(text)
+    return fname


 def create_module_file(package: (str | None), basename: str, opts:
     CliOptions, user_template_dir: (str | None)=None) ->Path:
     """Build the text of the file and write the file."""
-    pass
+    qualname = module_join(package, basename)
+    context = {
+        'show_headings': not opts.noheadings,
+        'basename': basename,
+        'qualname': qualname,
+        'automodule_options': OPTIONS,
+        'modulefirst': opts.modulefirst,
+        'includeprivate': opts.includeprivate,
+        'fullname': opts.full and qualname or basename,
+    }
+    text = ReSTRenderer(user_template_dir or template_dir).render('module.rst_t', context)
+    return write_file(qualname, text, opts)


 def create_package_file(root: str, master_package: (str | None), subroot:
@@ -76,7 +96,35 @@ def create_package_file(root: str, master_package: (str | None), subroot:

     :returns: list of written files
     """
-    pass
+    text = []
+    written = []
+
+    package = module_join(master_package, subroot)
+    basename = path.basename(root)
+
+    context = {
+        'show_headings': not opts.noheadings,
+        'basename': basename,
+        'package': package,
+        'subpackage': subroot,
+        'automodule_options': OPTIONS,
+        'modulefirst': opts.modulefirst,
+        'includeprivate': opts.includeprivate,
+        'fullname': opts.full and package or subroot,
+        'members': sorted(py_files),
+        'subpackages': sorted(subs),
+        'is_namespace': is_namespace,
+    }
+
+    text = ReSTRenderer(user_template_dir or template_dir).render('package.rst_t', context)
+    written.append(write_file(package, text, opts))
+
+    if opts.separatemodules:
+        for py_file in py_files:
+            if not is_skipped_module(py_file, opts, excludes):
+                written.append(create_module_file(package, py_file, opts, user_template_dir))
+
+    return written


 def create_modules_toc_file(modules: list[str], opts: CliOptions, name: str
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/directive.py b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/directive.py
index cbc59b16f..3869994ae 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/directive.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/directive.py
@@ -50,13 +50,39 @@ class DocumenterBridge:
 def process_documenter_options(documenter: type[Documenter], config: Config,
     options: dict[str, str]) ->Options:
     """Recognize options of Documenter from user input."""
-    pass
+    for name in AUTODOC_DEFAULT_OPTIONS:
+        if name not in documenter.option_spec:
+            continue
+        if name in config.autodoc_default_options and name not in options:
+            options[name] = config.autodoc_default_options[name]
+
+    final_options = Options()
+    for arg, value in options.items():
+        if arg in documenter.option_spec:
+            final_options[arg] = documenter.option_spec[arg](value)
+        else:
+            final_options[arg] = value
+
+    # handle special options
+    for name in AUTODOC_EXTENDABLE_OPTIONS:
+        if name in final_options:
+            final_options[name] = [x.strip() for x in final_options[name].split(',')]
+
+    return final_options


 def parse_generated_content(state: RSTState, content: StringList,
     documenter: Documenter) ->list[Node]:
     """Parse an item of content generated by Documenter."""
-    pass
+    with switch_source_input(state, content):
+        if documenter.titles_allowed:
+            node = nodes.section()
+            # necessary so that the child nodes get the right source/line set
+            node.document = state.document
+            nested_parse_to_nodes(state, content, node)
+            return node.children
+        else:
+            return [nodes.paragraph(text=text) for text in content]


 class AutodocDirective(SphinxDirective):
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/importer.py b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/importer.py
index efb94f8f3..0df884543 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/importer.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/importer.py
@@ -31,29 +31,46 @@ def _filter_enum_dict(enum_class: type[Enum], attrgetter: Callable[[Any,
     but with different defining class. The order of occurrence is guided by
     the MRO of *enum_class*.
     """
-    pass
+    for cls in getmro(enum_class):
+        for name, value in cls.__dict__.items():
+            if name in enum_class_dict:
+                yield name, cls, attrgetter(enum_class, name, value)


 def mangle(subject: Any, name: str) ->str:
     """Mangle the given name."""
-    pass
+    if name.startswith('__') and not name.endswith('__'):
+        cls_name = subject.__class__.__name__.lstrip('_')
+        return f'_{cls_name}{name}'
+    return name


 def unmangle(subject: Any, name: str) ->(str | None):
     """Unmangle the given name."""
-    pass
+    if name.startswith('_'):
+        cls_name = subject.__class__.__name__.lstrip('_')
+        prefix = f'_{cls_name}__'
+        if name.startswith(prefix) and not name.endswith('__'):
+            return name[len(prefix):]
+    return name


 def import_module(modname: str) ->Any:
     """Call importlib.import_module(modname), convert exceptions to ImportError."""
-    pass
+    try:
+        return importlib.import_module(modname)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        raise ImportError(f'Could not import module {modname}: {exc}') from exc


 def _reload_module(module: ModuleType) ->Any:
     """
     Call importlib.reload(module), convert exceptions to ImportError
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        return importlib.reload(module)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        raise ImportError(f'Could not reload module {module.__name__}: {exc}') from exc


 class Attribute(NamedTuple):
@@ -65,10 +82,45 @@ class Attribute(NamedTuple):
 def get_object_members(subject: Any, objpath: list[str], attrgetter:
     Callable, analyzer: (ModuleAnalyzer | None)=None) ->dict[str, Attribute]:
     """Get members and attributes of target object."""
-    pass
+    members = {}
+    for name in dir(subject):
+        try:
+            value = attrgetter(subject, name, None)
+            directly_defined = hasattr(subject, name)
+            members[name] = Attribute(name, directly_defined, value)
+        except Exception:
+            continue
+
+    if analyzer:
+        namespace = '.'.join(objpath)
+        for (ns, name), docstring in analyzer.find_attr_docs().items():
+            if ns == namespace and name not in members:
+                members[name] = Attribute(name, True, None)
+
+    return members


 def get_class_members(subject: Any, objpath: Any, attrgetter: Callable,
     inherit_docstrings: bool=True) ->dict[str, ObjectMember]:
     """Get members and attributes of target class."""
-    pass
+    from sphinx.ext.autodoc import ObjectMember  # Import here to avoid circular import
+
+    members = {}
+
+    # Get all members from the class and its bases
+    for cls in getmro(subject):
+        for name in dir(cls):
+            if name not in members:
+                try:
+                    value = attrgetter(subject, name, None)
+                    if inherit_docstrings:
+                        docstring = getattr(value, '__doc__', None)
+                        if docstring is None:
+                            docstring = getattr(cls.__dict__.get(name), '__doc__', None)
+                    else:
+                        docstring = None
+                    members[name] = ObjectMember(name, value, cls, docstring)
+                except Exception:
+                    continue
+
+    return members
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/mock.py b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/mock.py
index 2a6922a24..5638b501e 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/mock.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/mock.py
@@ -109,17 +109,26 @@ def mock(modnames: list[str]) ->Iterator[None]:
         # mock modules are enabled here
         ...
     """
-    pass
+    finder = MockFinder(modnames)
+    sys.meta_path.insert(0, finder)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        sys.meta_path.remove(finder)
+        for modname in finder.mocked_modules:
+            sys.modules.pop(modname, None)


 def ismockmodule(subject: Any) ->TypeIs[_MockModule]:
     """Check if the object is a mocked module."""
-    pass
+    return isinstance(subject, _MockModule)


 def ismock(subject: Any) ->bool:
     """Check if the object is mocked."""
-    pass
+    return (ismockmodule(subject) or
+            (isinstance(subject, type) and issubclass(subject, _MockObject)) or
+            isinstance(subject, _MockObject))


 def undecorate(subject: _MockObject) ->Any:
@@ -127,4 +136,6 @@ def undecorate(subject: _MockObject) ->Any:

     If not decorated, returns given *subject* itself.
     """
-    pass
+    if ismock(subject) and subject.__sphinx_decorator_args__:
+        return subject.__sphinx_decorator_args__[0]
+    return subject
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/preserve_defaults.py b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/preserve_defaults.py
index fc27cde55..01feacea3 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/preserve_defaults.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/preserve_defaults.py
@@ -37,7 +37,12 @@ def get_function_def(obj: Any) ->(ast.FunctionDef | None):
     This tries to parse original code for living object and returns
     AST node for given *obj*.
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        source = inspect.getsource(obj)
+        module = ast.parse(source)
+        return next((node for node in ast.walk(module) if isinstance(node, ast.FunctionDef)), None)
+    except Exception:
+        return None


 def _get_arguments(obj: Any, /) ->(ast.arguments | None):
@@ -46,9 +51,33 @@ def _get_arguments(obj: Any, /) ->(ast.arguments | None):
     This tries to parse the original code for an object and returns
     an 'ast.arguments' node.
     """
-    pass
+    func_def = get_function_def(obj)
+    return func_def.args if func_def else None


 def update_defvalue(app: Sphinx, obj: Any, bound_method: bool) ->None:
     """Update defvalue info of *obj* using type_comments."""
-    pass
+    if not callable(obj):
+        return
+
+    try:
+        args = _get_arguments(obj)
+        if args is None:
+            return
+
+        signature = inspect.signature(obj)
+        parameters = list(signature.parameters.values())
+
+        if bound_method:
+            parameters = parameters[1:]  # Skip 'self' parameter for bound methods
+
+        for param, arg in zip(parameters, args.args + args.kwonlyargs):
+            if param.default is not param.empty:
+                if isinstance(arg, ast.arg) and arg.annotation:
+                    default_value = DefaultValue(ast_unparse(arg.annotation))
+                    param._default = default_value
+
+        # Update the signature of the object
+        obj.__signature__ = signature.replace(parameters=parameters)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        logger.warning(__('Failed to update defvalue of %r: %s'), obj, exc)
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/type_comment.py b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/type_comment.py
index 545663871..132a5b577 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/type_comment.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/type_comment.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

 def not_suppressed(argtypes: Sequence[ast.expr]=()) ->bool:
     """Check given *argtypes* is suppressed type_comment or not."""
-    pass
+    return len(argtypes) != 1 or not isinstance(argtypes[0], ast.Ellipsis)


 def signature_from_ast(node: ast.FunctionDef, bound_method: bool,
@@ -25,7 +25,43 @@ def signature_from_ast(node: ast.FunctionDef, bound_method: bool,

     :param bound_method: Specify *node* is a bound method or not
     """
-    pass
+    args = []
+    defaults = []
+    kwonlyargs = []
+    kwonlydefaults = []
+    vararg = None
+    kwarg = None
+
+    def get_param(arg: ast.arg, default: Any = Parameter.empty) -> Parameter:
+        annotation = ast.unparse(arg.annotation) if arg.annotation else Parameter.empty
+        return Parameter(arg.arg, Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD, default=default, annotation=annotation)
+
+    for i, arg in enumerate(node.args.args):
+        if i == 0 and bound_method:
+            continue
+        if i >= len(node.args.args) - len(node.args.defaults):
+            default = ast_unparse(node.args.defaults[i - (len(node.args.args) - len(node.args.defaults))])
+            args.append(get_param(arg, default))
+        else:
+            args.append(get_param(arg))
+
+    if node.args.vararg:
+        vararg = Parameter(node.args.vararg.arg, Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL)
+
+    for i, arg in enumerate(node.args.kwonlyargs):
+        if i < len(node.args.kw_defaults) and node.args.kw_defaults[i] is not None:
+            default = ast_unparse(node.args.kw_defaults[i])
+            kwonlyargs.append(get_param(arg, default))
+        else:
+            kwonlyargs.append(get_param(arg))
+
+    if node.args.kwarg:
+        kwarg = Parameter(node.args.kwarg.arg, Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD)
+
+    return_annotation = ast.unparse(node.returns) if node.returns else Signature.empty
+
+    return Signature(args + kwonlyargs, return_annotation=return_annotation,
+                     vararg=vararg, kwarg=kwarg)


 def get_type_comment(obj: Any, bound_method: bool=False) ->(Signature | None):
@@ -34,7 +70,17 @@ def get_type_comment(obj: Any, bound_method: bool=False) ->(Signature | None):
     This tries to parse original code for living object and returns
     Signature for given *obj*.
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        source = getsource(obj)
+        tree = ast.parse(source)
+        for node in ast.walk(tree):
+            if isinstance(node, ast.FunctionDef) and node.name == obj.__name__:
+                if node.type_comment:
+                    type_comment = ast.parse(f"def f{node.type_comment}: pass").body[0]
+                    return signature_from_ast(type_comment, bound_method, type_comment)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        logger.debug(__('Failed to parse type_comment for %r: %s'), obj, exc)
+    return None


 def update_annotations_using_type_comments(app: Sphinx, obj: Any,
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/typehints.py b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/typehints.py
index 97ed01df9..021372d42 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/typehints.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/typehints.py
@@ -17,4 +17,25 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 def record_typehints(app: Sphinx, objtype: str, name: str, obj: Any,
     options: Options, args: str, retann: str) ->None:
     """Record type hints to env object."""
-    pass
+    if app.config.autodoc_typehints != 'none':
+        # Get the environment
+        env = app.env
+        if not hasattr(env, 'autodoc_typehints'):
+            env.autodoc_typehints = {}
+
+        # Record the type hints
+        full_name = f"{objtype}.{name}"
+        env.autodoc_typehints[full_name] = {
+            'args': args,
+            'return': retann
+        }
+
+        # If it's a method, also record the class name
+        if objtype == 'method':
+            class_name = name.rsplit('.', 1)[0]
+            if class_name not in env.autodoc_typehints:
+                env.autodoc_typehints[class_name] = {}
+            env.autodoc_typehints[class_name][name.rsplit('.', 1)[1]] = {
+                'args': args,
+                'return': retann
+            }
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/autosummary/generate.py b/sphinx/ext/autosummary/generate.py
index eb7b16602..dbabb15a2 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/autosummary/generate.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/autosummary/generate.py
@@ -93,7 +93,12 @@ class AutosummaryRenderer:

     def render(self, template_name: str, context: dict[str, Any]) ->str:
         """Render a template file."""
-        pass
+        try:
+            template = self.env.get_template(template_name)
+            return template.render(context)
+        except TemplateNotFound:
+            logger.warning(__('template not found: %s'), template_name)
+            return ''


 def _split_full_qualified_name(name: str) ->tuple[str | None, str]:
@@ -110,7 +115,15 @@ def _split_full_qualified_name(name: str) ->tuple[str | None, str]:
               Therefore you need to mock 3rd party modules if needed before
               calling this function.
     """
-    pass
+    parts = name.rsplit('.', 1)
+    if len(parts) == 2:
+        modname, qualname = parts
+        try:
+            import_module(modname)
+            return modname, qualname
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+    return None, name


 class ModuleScanner:
@@ -125,12 +138,28 @@ def members_of(obj: Any, conf: Config) ->Sequence[str]:

     Follows the ``conf.autosummary_ignore_module_all`` setting.
     """
-    pass
+    if conf.autosummary_ignore_module_all:
+        return getall(obj)
+    elif hasattr(obj, '__all__'):
+        return obj.__all__
+    else:
+        return getall(obj)


 def _get_module_attrs(name: str, members: Any) ->tuple[list[str], list[str]]:
     """Find module attributes with docstrings."""
-    pass
+    attrs, public = [], []
+    try:
+        analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_module(name)
+        attr_docs = analyzer.find_attr_docs()
+        for namespace, attr_name in attr_docs:
+            if namespace == '' and attr_name in members:
+                attrs.append(attr_name)
+                if not attr_name.startswith('_'):
+                    public.append(attr_name)
+    except PycodeError:
+        pass
+    return attrs, public


 def generate_autosummary_docs(sources: list[str], output_dir: (str | os.
@@ -141,7 +170,78 @@ def generate_autosummary_docs(sources: list[str], output_dir: (str | os.

     :returns: list of generated files (both new and existing ones)
     """
-    pass
+    if app:
+        translator = app.translator
+    else:
+        translator = sphinx.locale.init([sphinx.locale.__dir__], 'sphinx')
+        app = DummyApplication(translator)
+
+    showed_sources = list(sorted(sources))
+    if len(showed_sources) > 20:
+        showed_sources = showed_sources[:10] + ['...'] + showed_sources[-10:]
+    logger.info(__('[autosummary] generating autosummary for: %s') %
+                ', '.join(showed_sources))
+
+    if output_dir:
+        output_dir = Path(output_dir).resolve()
+        ensuredir(output_dir)
+
+    if base_path is not None:
+        base_path = Path(base_path).resolve()
+
+    generated_files = []
+
+    for source in sources:
+        package_dir = None
+        if base_path:
+            source_file = os.path.join(base_path, source)
+            # Find the package directory, using the source filename
+            package_dir = Path(source_file).resolve().parent
+
+        logger.info(__('[autosummary] reading files...'))
+        documented = find_autosummary_in_files(sources)
+
+        logger.info(__('[autosummary] generating...'))
+        for entry in documented:
+            try:
+                obj, name = import_by_name(entry.name, package_dir=package_dir)
+            except ImportExceptionGroup as exc:
+                logger.warning(__('[autosummary] failed to import %r: %s') % (entry.name, exc))
+                continue
+
+            fn = os.path.join(output_dir, name + suffix)
+            if os.path.isfile(fn):
+                with open(fn, encoding=encoding) as f:
+                    generated = f.read()
+                if generated.strip() == entry.name.strip():
+                    continue
+
+            logger.info(__('[autosummary] generating %s') % fn)
+            with open(fn, 'w', encoding=encoding) as f:
+                try:
+                    import_members = imported_members or entry.recursive
+                    renderer = AutosummaryRenderer(app)
+                    context = app.config.autosummary_context.copy()
+                    context.update({
+                        'name': name,
+                        'obj': obj,
+                        'members': members_of(obj, app.config),
+                        'imported_members': import_members,
+                        'autosummary': True,
+                        'module': sys.modules.get(obj.__module__),
+                        'app': app,
+                        'doc': pydoc.getdoc(obj),
+                        'fullname': name,
+                    })
+                    rendered = renderer.render(entry.template, context)
+                    f.write(rendered)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.warning(__('[autosummary] failed to generate %s') % fn)
+                    logger.warning(str(e))
+
+            generated_files.append(Path(fn).resolve())
+
+    return generated_files


 def find_autosummary_in_files(filenames: list[str]) ->list[AutosummaryEntry]:
@@ -149,7 +249,12 @@ def find_autosummary_in_files(filenames: list[str]) ->list[AutosummaryEntry]:

     See `find_autosummary_in_lines`.
     """
-    pass
+    documented = []
+    for filename in filenames:
+        with open(filename, encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore') as f:
+            lines = f.read().splitlines()
+            documented.extend(find_autosummary_in_lines(lines, filename=filename))
+    return documented


 def find_autosummary_in_docstring(name: str, filename: (str | None)=None
@@ -158,7 +263,18 @@ def find_autosummary_in_docstring(name: str, filename: (str | None)=None

     See `find_autosummary_in_lines`.
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        real_name, obj, parent, modname = import_by_name(name)
+    except ImportError:
+        logger.warning(__('[autosummary] failed to import %r') % name)
+        return []
+
+    doc = pydoc.getdoc(obj)
+    if not doc:
+        return []
+
+    lines = doc.splitlines()
+    return find_autosummary_in_lines(lines, module=name, filename=filename)


 def find_autosummary_in_lines(lines: list[str], module: (str | None)=None,
@@ -173,7 +289,86 @@ def find_autosummary_in_lines(lines: list[str], module: (str | None)=None,
     *template* ``None`` if the directive does not have the
     corresponding options set.
     """
-    pass
+    autosummary_re = re.compile(r'^(\s*)\.\.\s+autosummary::\s*')
+    automodule_re = re.compile(
+        r'^\s*\.\.\s+automodule::\s*([A-Za-z0-9_.]+)\s*$')
+    module_re = re.compile(
+        r'^\s*\.\.\s+(current)?module::\s*([a-zA-Z0-9_.]+)\s*$')
+    autosummary_item_re = re.compile(r'^\s+(~?[_a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_.]*)\s*.*?')
+    toctree_arg_re = re.compile(r'^\s+:toctree:\s*(.*?)\s*$')
+    template_arg_re = re.compile(r'^\s+:template:\s*(.*?)\s*$')
+    recursive_arg_re = re.compile(r'^\s+:recursive:\s*$')
+
+    documented = []
+
+    toctree = None
+    template = None
+    recursive = False
+    current_module = module
+    in_autosummary = False
+    base_indent = ""
+
+    for line in lines:
+        if in_autosummary:
+            m = toctree_arg_re.match(line)
+            if m:
+                toctree = m.group(1)
+                if filename:
+                    toctree = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(filename),
+                                           toctree)
+                continue
+
+            m = template_arg_re.match(line)
+            if m:
+                template = m.group(1).strip()
+                continue
+
+            m = recursive_arg_re.match(line)
+            if m:
+                recursive = True
+                continue
+
+            if line.strip().startswith(':'):
+                continue  # skip options
+
+            m = autosummary_item_re.match(line)
+            if m:
+                name = m.group(1).strip()
+                if name.startswith('~'):
+                    name = name[1:]
+                if current_module and not name.startswith(current_module + '.'):
+                    name = f"{current_module}.{name}"
+                documented.append(AutosummaryEntry(name, toctree, template, recursive))
+                continue
+
+            if not line.strip() or line.startswith(base_indent + " "):
+                continue
+
+            in_autosummary = False
+
+        m = autosummary_re.match(line)
+        if m:
+            in_autosummary = True
+            base_indent = m.group(1)
+            toctree = None
+            template = None
+            recursive = False
+            continue
+
+        m = automodule_re.match(line)
+        if m:
+            current_module = m.group(1).strip()
+            # recurse into the automodule docstring
+            documented.extend(find_autosummary_in_docstring(
+                current_module, filename=filename))
+            continue
+
+        m = module_re.match(line)
+        if m:
+            current_module = m.group(2)
+            continue
+
+    return documented


 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/coverage.py b/sphinx/ext/coverage.py
index 9e50f8dea..eee1cd669 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/coverage.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/coverage.py
@@ -37,7 +37,23 @@ def _load_modules(mod_name: str, ignored_module_exps: Iterable[re.Pattern[str]]
     :raises ImportError: If the module indicated by ``mod_name`` could not be
         loaded.
     """
-    pass
+    modules = {mod_name}
+    try:
+        mod = import_module(mod_name)
+    except ImportError:
+        raise
+
+    if hasattr(mod, '__path__'):
+        for _, name, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(mod.__path__):
+            fullname = f"{mod_name}.{name}"
+            if any(exp.match(fullname) for exp in ignored_module_exps):
+                continue
+            if ispkg:
+                modules.update(_load_modules(fullname, ignored_module_exps))
+            else:
+                modules.add(fullname)
+
+    return modules


 def _determine_py_coverage_modules(coverage_modules: Sequence[str],
@@ -58,7 +74,19 @@ def _determine_py_coverage_modules(coverage_modules: Sequence[str],
       modules that are documented will be noted. This will therefore identify both
       missing modules and missing objects, but it requires manual configuration.
     """
-    pass
+    if coverage_modules:
+        modules_to_check = set()
+        for mod_name in coverage_modules:
+            modules_to_check.update(_load_modules(mod_name, ignored_module_exps))
+        
+        # Add documented modules that are not in coverage_modules
+        for mod_name in seen_modules:
+            if mod_name not in modules_to_check:
+                py_undoc[mod_name] = {}
+    else:
+        modules_to_check = seen_modules
+
+    return sorted(modules_to_check)


 class CoverageBuilder(Builder):
@@ -72,4 +100,26 @@ class CoverageBuilder(Builder):

     def _write_py_statistics(self, op: TextIO) ->None:
         """Outputs the table of ``op``."""
-        pass
+        total_objs = 0
+        total_undoc = 0
+        op.write('Undocumented Python objects\n')
+        op.write('===========================\n\n')
+
+        for mod_name in sorted(self.py_undoc):
+            undoc = self.py_undoc[mod_name]
+            if not undoc:
+                continue
+            op.write(mod_name + '\n')
+            op.write('-' * len(mod_name) + '\n')
+            for name, typ in sorted(undoc.items()):
+                op.write(f'* {name} ({typ})\n')
+                total_undoc += 1
+            op.write('\n')
+            total_objs += len(undoc)
+
+        op.write('\n')
+        op.write('Documented Python objects\n')
+        op.write('=========================\n')
+        op.write(f'Total found: {self.total_py}\n')
+        op.write(f'Undocumented: {total_undoc}\n')
+        op.write(f'Coverage: {100 * (self.total_py - total_undoc) / self.total_py:.0f}%\n')
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/doctest.py b/sphinx/ext/doctest.py
index 46e4ad53d..0ae25abef 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/doctest.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/doctest.py
@@ -46,7 +46,10 @@ def is_allowed_version(spec: str, version: str) ->bool:
         >>> is_allowed_version('>3.2, <4.0', '3.3')
         True
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        return Version(version) in SpecifierSet(spec)
+    except InvalidSpecifier:
+        return False


 class TestDirective(SphinxDirective):
@@ -144,9 +147,21 @@ class DocTestBuilder(Builder):
         """Try to get the file which actually contains the doctest, not the
         filename of the document it's included in.
         """
-        pass
+        try:
+            filename = node.get('source')
+            if filename is None:
+                return self.env.doc2path(docname)
+            return path.normpath(path.join(self.env.srcdir, filename))
+        except AttributeError:
+            return self.env.doc2path(docname)

     @staticmethod
     def get_line_number(node: Node) ->(int | None):
         """Get the real line number or admit we don't know."""
-        pass
+        lineno = node.line
+        if lineno is None:
+            # Some nodes don't have a line number, use the parent's line number
+            while lineno is None and node.parent:
+                node = node.parent
+                lineno = node.line
+        return lineno
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/duration.py b/sphinx/ext/duration.py
index 9080b706a..8b9ec36e6 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/duration.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/duration.py
@@ -29,19 +29,51 @@ def on_builder_inited(app: Sphinx) ->None:

     This clears the results of the last build.
     """
-    pass
+    app.env.domains['duration'] = DurationDomain(app.env)
+    app.env.domains['duration'].data['reading_durations'] = {}


 def on_source_read(app: Sphinx, docname: str, content: list[str]) ->None:
     """Start to measure reading duration."""
-    pass
+    app.env.temp_data['reading_start_time'] = time.time()


 def on_doctree_read(app: Sphinx, doctree: nodes.document) ->None:
     """Record a reading duration."""
-    pass
+    start_time = app.env.temp_data.get('reading_start_time')
+    if start_time is not None:
+        duration = time.time() - start_time
+        docname = app.env.docname
+        app.env.domains['duration'].data['reading_durations'][docname] = duration


 def on_build_finished(app: Sphinx, error: Exception) ->None:
     """Display duration ranking on the current build."""
-    pass
+    if error:
+        return
+
+    durations = app.env.domains['duration'].data['reading_durations']
+    if not durations:
+        logger.info(__('No reading duration data available.'))
+        return
+
+    sorted_durations = sorted(durations.items(), key=itemgetter(1), reverse=True)
+    top_10 = list(islice(sorted_durations, 10))
+
+    logger.info(__('Top 10 slowest read documents:'))
+    for docname, duration in top_10:
+        logger.info(f'{docname}: {duration:.2f} seconds')
+
+
+def setup(app: Sphinx) -> dict[str, bool]:
+    app.add_domain(DurationDomain)
+    app.connect('builder-inited', on_builder_inited)
+    app.connect('source-read', on_source_read)
+    app.connect('doctree-read', on_doctree_read)
+    app.connect('build-finished', on_build_finished)
+
+    return {
+        'version': sphinx.__display_version__,
+        'parallel_read_safe': True,
+        'parallel_write_safe': True,
+    }
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/extlinks.py b/sphinx/ext/extlinks.py
index beb4a5e4b..8210f26af 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/extlinks.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/extlinks.py
@@ -47,4 +47,22 @@ class ExternalLinksChecker(SphinxPostTransform):
         If the URI in ``refnode`` has a replacement in ``extlinks``,
         emit a warning with a replacement suggestion.
         """
-        pass
+        uri = refnode.get('refuri', '')
+        if not uri:
+            return
+
+        for name, (base_url, caption) in self.app.config.extlinks.items():
+            if uri.startswith(base_url):
+                # Extract the part of the URI that matches the extlink pattern
+                suffix = uri[len(base_url):]
+                if suffix.endswith('.html'):
+                    suffix = suffix[:-5]  # Remove '.html' if present
+
+                # Construct the suggested replacement
+                if caption is None:
+                    suggested_text = f':{name}:`{suffix}`'
+                else:
+                    suggested_text = f':{name}:`{caption % suffix}`'
+
+                logger.warning(__('Extlink %r could be replaced by %s'), uri, suggested_text,
+                               location=refnode)
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/githubpages.py b/sphinx/ext/githubpages.py
index 67d37a5bc..079983b91 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/githubpages.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/githubpages.py
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:

 def _get_domain_from_url(url: str) ->str:
     """Get the domain from a URL."""
-    pass
+    parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+    return parsed_url.netloc


 def create_nojekyll_and_cname(app: Sphinx, env: BuildEnvironment) ->None:
@@ -31,4 +32,26 @@ def create_nojekyll_and_cname(app: Sphinx, env: BuildEnvironment) ->None:
     requires a CNAME file, we remove any existing ``CNAME`` files from the
     output directory.
     """
-    pass
+    if app.builder.format == 'html':
+        # Create .nojekyll file
+        nojekyll_path = os.path.join(app.outdir, '.nojekyll')
+        with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
+            open(nojekyll_path, 'wt').close()
+
+        # Handle CNAME file
+        cname_path = os.path.join(app.outdir, 'CNAME')
+        html_baseurl = app.config.html_baseurl
+
+        if html_baseurl:
+            domain = _get_domain_from_url(html_baseurl)
+            if domain and not domain.endswith('github.io'):
+                with open(cname_path, 'wt') as f:
+                    f.write(domain)
+            else:
+                # Remove CNAME if it exists and is not needed
+                with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+                    os.remove(cname_path)
+        else:
+            # Remove CNAME if html_baseurl is not set
+            with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+                os.remove(cname_path)
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/graphviz.py b/sphinx/ext/graphviz.py
index 5333534bf..7c79429b3 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/graphviz.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/graphviz.py
@@ -55,7 +55,14 @@ class ClickableMapDefinition:

         If not exists, this only returns empty string.
         """
-        pass
+        if not self.clickable:
+            return ''
+        
+        map_tag = f'<map id="{self.id}">\n'
+        for item in self.clickable:
+            map_tag += item + '\n'
+        map_tag += '</map>'
+        return map_tag


 class graphviz(nodes.General, nodes.Inline, nodes.Element):
@@ -93,11 +100,72 @@ class GraphvizSimple(SphinxDirective):
 def fix_svg_relative_paths(self: (HTML5Translator | LaTeXTranslator |
     TexinfoTranslator), filepath: str) ->None:
     """Change relative links in generated svg files to be relative to imgpath."""
-    pass
+    tree = ET.parse(filepath)
+    root = tree.getroot()
+    
+    imgpath = self.builder.imgpath
+    if imgpath:
+        for element in root.iter():
+            if 'href' in element.attrib:
+                href = element.attrib['href']
+                if not urlsplit(href).scheme:
+                    new_href = posixpath.join(imgpath, href)
+                    element.attrib['href'] = new_href
+    
+    tree.write(filepath)


 def render_dot(self: (HTML5Translator | LaTeXTranslator | TexinfoTranslator
     ), code: str, options: dict, format: str, prefix: str='graphviz',
     filename: (str | None)=None) ->tuple[str | None, str | None]:
     """Render graphviz code into a PNG or PDF output file."""
-    pass
+    if filename is None:
+        fname = f"{sha1(code.encode()).hexdigest()}.{format}"
+    else:
+        fname = filename
+
+    if hasattr(self.builder, 'imgpath'):
+        outfn = path.join(self.builder.outdir, self.builder.imgpath, fname)
+    else:
+        outfn = path.join(self.builder.outdir, fname)
+
+    if path.isfile(outfn):
+        return fname, outfn
+
+    ensuredir(path.dirname(outfn))
+
+    dot_args = [options.get('graphviz_dot', 'dot')]
+    dot_args.extend(options.get('graphviz_dot_args', []))
+    dot_args.extend(['-T' + format, '-o' + outfn])
+
+    if format == 'png':
+        dot_args.extend(['-Tcmapx'])
+
+    try:
+        p = subprocess.Popen(dot_args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
+    except OSError as err:
+        if err.errno != 2:    # No such file or directory
+            raise
+        logger.warning(__('dot command %r cannot be run (needed for graphviz '
+                          'output), check the graphviz_dot setting'), dot_args[0])
+        return None, None
+
+    try:
+        # Graphviz may close standard input when an error occurs,
+        # resulting in a broken pipe on communicate()
+        stdout, stderr = p.communicate(code)
+    except OSError as err:
+        if err.errno != 32:    # Broken pipe
+            raise
+        # in this case, read the standard output and standard error streams
+        # directly, to get the error message(s)
+        stdout, stderr = p.stdout.read(), p.stderr.read()
+        p.wait()
+    if p.returncode != 0:
+        raise GraphvizError('dot exited with error:\n[stderr]\n%s\n'
+                            '[stdout]\n%s' % (stderr, stdout))
+    if not path.isfile(outfn):
+        raise GraphvizError('dot did not produce an output file:\n[stderr]\n%s\n'
+                            '[stdout]\n%s' % (stderr, stdout))
+    return fname, outfn
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/ifconfig.py b/sphinx/ext/ifconfig.py
index 97b3f6272..d41661ba5 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/ifconfig.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/ifconfig.py
@@ -34,3 +34,18 @@ class IfConfig(SphinxDirective):
     optional_arguments = 0
     final_argument_whitespace = True
     option_spec: ClassVar[OptionSpec] = {}
+
+    def run(self) -> list[Node]:
+        node = ifconfig()
+        node.document = self.state.document
+        self.set_source_info(node)
+        node['expr'] = self.arguments[0]
+        
+        env = self.state.document.settings.env
+        if self.content:
+            self.state.nested_parse(self.content, self.content_offset, node)
+            if isinstance(node[0], nodes.paragraph):
+                content = node[0].children
+                node[0].replace_self(content)
+        
+        return [node]
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/imgconverter.py b/sphinx/ext/imgconverter.py
index 9c69dd116..71a2d7829 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/imgconverter.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/imgconverter.py
@@ -22,8 +22,17 @@ class ImagemagickConverter(ImageConverter):

     def is_available(self) ->bool:
         """Confirms the converter is available or not."""
-        pass
+        try:
+            subprocess.run(['convert', '-version'], check=True, capture_output=True)
+            return True
+        except (CalledProcessError, FileNotFoundError):
+            return False

     def convert(self, _from: str, _to: str) ->bool:
         """Converts the image to expected one."""
-        pass
+        try:
+            subprocess.run(['convert', _from, _to], check=True, capture_output=True)
+            return True
+        except CalledProcessError:
+            logger.warning(__('imagemagick convert file "%s" to "%s" failed.'), _from, _to)
+            return False
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/imgmath.py b/sphinx/ext/imgmath.py
index 666d084f5..b17229cad 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/imgmath.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/imgmath.py
@@ -58,19 +58,39 @@ depthsvgcomment_re = re.compile('<!-- DEPTH=(-?\\d+) -->')
 def read_svg_depth(filename: str) ->(int | None):
     """Read the depth from comment at last line of SVG file
     """
-    pass
+    with open(filename, 'r') as f:
+        for line in f:
+            pass  # Read until the last line
+        last_line = line.strip()
+    
+    match = depthsvgcomment_re.match(last_line)
+    if match:
+        return int(match.group(1))
+    return None


 def write_svg_depth(filename: str, depth: int) ->None:
     """Write the depth to SVG file as a comment at end of file
     """
-    pass
+    with open(filename, 'a') as f:
+        f.write(f'\n<!-- DEPTH={depth} -->\n')


 def generate_latex_macro(image_format: str, math: str, config: Config,
     confdir: (str | os.PathLike[str])='') ->str:
     """Generate LaTeX macro."""
-    pass
+    latex = LaTeXRenderer(config.imgmath_latex_preamble, config.imgmath_latex_closing).render(
+        config.imgmath_latex_template,
+        image_format=image_format,
+        math=math,
+        preamble=config.imgmath_use_preview and '\\usepackage[active,tightpage,displaymath]{preview}' or '',
+        fontsize=config.imgmath_font_size,
+        baselineskip=config.imgmath_latex_baselineskip,
+        fontset=config.imgmath_latex_fontset,
+        fontspec=config.imgmath_latex_fontspec,
+        commands=config.imgmath_latex_commands,
+    )
+    return latex


 def ensure_tempdir(builder: Builder) ->str:
@@ -80,29 +100,66 @@ def ensure_tempdir(builder: Builder) ->str:
     than using temporary files, since we can clean up everything at once
     just removing the whole directory (see cleanup_tempdir)
     """
-    pass
+    if not hasattr(builder, '_imgmath_tempdir'):
+        builder._imgmath_tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+    return builder._imgmath_tempdir


 def compile_math(latex: str, builder: Builder) ->str:
     """Compile LaTeX macros for math to DVI."""
-    pass
+    tempdir = ensure_tempdir(builder)
+    filename = os.path.join(tempdir, 'math.tex')
+    
+    with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        f.write(latex)
+    
+    cwd = os.getcwd()
+    os.chdir(tempdir)
+    
+    try:
+        cmd = [builder.config.imgmath_latex, '--interaction=nonstopmode', 'math.tex']
+        subprocess.run(cmd, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    except CalledProcessError as exc:
+        raise MathExtError('latex exited with error', exc.stderr, exc.stdout)
+    finally:
+        os.chdir(cwd)
+    
+    return os.path.join(tempdir, 'math.dvi')


 def convert_dvi_to_image(command: list[str], name: str) ->tuple[str, str]:
     """Convert DVI file to specific image format."""
-    pass
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(command, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        return (name, '')
+    except CalledProcessError as exc:
+        raise MathExtError('dvipng/dvisvgm exited with error', exc.stderr, exc.stdout)


 def convert_dvi_to_png(dvipath: str, builder: Builder, out_path: str) ->(int |
     None):
     """Convert DVI file to PNG image."""
-    pass
+    cmd = [builder.config.imgmath_dvipng, '-o', out_path, '-T', 'tight', '-z9']
+    cmd.extend(builder.config.imgmath_dvipng_args)
+    cmd.append(dvipath)
+    
+    convert_dvi_to_image(cmd, out_path)
+    
+    depth = read_png_depth(out_path)
+    return depth


 def convert_dvi_to_svg(dvipath: str, builder: Builder, out_path: str) ->(int |
     None):
     """Convert DVI file to SVG image."""
-    pass
+    cmd = [builder.config.imgmath_dvisvgm, '-o', out_path]
+    cmd.extend(builder.config.imgmath_dvisvgm_args)
+    cmd.append(dvipath)
+    
+    convert_dvi_to_image(cmd, out_path)
+    
+    depth = read_svg_depth(out_path)
+    return depth


 def render_math(self: HTML5Translator, math: str) ->tuple[str | None, int |
@@ -120,4 +177,32 @@ def render_math(self: HTML5Translator, math: str) ->tuple[str | None, int |
     docs successfully).  If the programs are there, however, they may not fail
     since that indicates a problem in the math source.
     """
-    pass
+    builder = self.builder
+    config = builder.config
+    
+    if config.imgmath_image_format not in SUPPORT_FORMAT:
+        raise MathExtError(f'imgmath_image_format must be either "png" or "svg", not "{config.imgmath_image_format}"')
+    
+    latex = generate_latex_macro(config.imgmath_image_format, math, config, builder.confdir)
+    
+    name = f"math-{sha1(latex.encode()).hexdigest()}.{config.imgmath_image_format}"
+    imgpath = path.join(builder.outdir, builder.imagedir, 'math', name)
+    if path.isfile(imgpath):
+        depth = read_png_depth(imgpath) if config.imgmath_image_format == 'png' else read_svg_depth(imgpath)
+        return imgpath, depth
+    
+    ensuredir(path.dirname(imgpath))
+    
+    # Build latex command; old versions of latex don't have the
+    # --output-directory option, so we have to manually chdir to the
+    # temp dir to run it.
+    dvipath = compile_math(latex, builder)
+    
+    if config.imgmath_image_format == 'png':
+        depth = convert_dvi_to_png(dvipath, builder, imgpath)
+    elif config.imgmath_image_format == 'svg':
+        depth = convert_dvi_to_svg(dvipath, builder, imgpath)
+    else:
+        raise MathExtError(f'imgmath_image_format must be either "png" or "svg", not "{config.imgmath_image_format}"')
+    
+    return imgpath, depth
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/inheritance_diagram.py b/sphinx/ext/inheritance_diagram.py
index 2bd75f19c..fca683f55 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/inheritance_diagram.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/inheritance_diagram.py
@@ -65,12 +65,33 @@ def try_import(objname: str) ->Any:

     Returns imported object or module.  If failed, returns None value.
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        return import_module(objname)
+    except ImportError:
+        try:
+            module_name, class_name = objname.rsplit('.', 1)
+            module = import_module(module_name)
+            return getattr(module, class_name)
+        except (ImportError, AttributeError, ValueError):
+            return None


 def import_classes(name: str, currmodule: str) ->Any:
     """Import a class using its fully-qualified *name*."""
-    pass
+    if name.startswith('.'):
+        name = currmodule + name
+    
+    obj = try_import(name)
+    if obj is None:
+        raise ImportError(f'Could not import class or module {name}')
+    
+    if inspect.isclass(obj):
+        return [obj]
+    elif inspect.ismodule(obj):
+        return [cls for name, cls in inspect.getmembers(obj, inspect.isclass)
+                if cls.__module__ == obj.__name__]
+    else:
+        raise ImportError(f'{name} is neither a class nor a module')


 class InheritanceException(Exception):
@@ -101,10 +122,12 @@ class InheritanceGraph:
             msg = 'No classes found for inheritance diagram'
             raise InheritanceException(msg)

-    def _import_classes(self, class_names: list[str], currmodule: str) ->list[
-        Any]:
+    def _import_classes(self, class_names: list[str], currmodule: str) ->list[Any]:
         """Import a list of classes."""
-        pass
+        classes = []
+        for name in class_names:
+            classes.extend(import_classes(name, currmodule))
+        return classes

     def _class_info(self, classes: list[Any], show_builtins: bool,
         private_bases: bool, parts: int, aliases: (dict[str, str] | None),
@@ -124,7 +147,34 @@ class InheritanceGraph:
         *top_classes* gives the name(s) of the top most ancestor class to
         traverse to. Multiple names can be specified separated by comma.
         """
-        pass
+        all_classes = {}
+        top_classes = [cls for cls in top_classes if isinstance(cls, type)]
+
+        def recurse(cls):
+            if cls in all_classes:
+                return
+            if not show_builtins and cls in py_builtins:
+                return
+            if not private_bases and cls.__name__.startswith('_'):
+                return
+            if top_classes and cls in top_classes:
+                return
+
+            name = self.class_name(cls, parts, aliases)
+            if cls.__module__ == '__builtin__' or cls.__module__ == 'builtins':
+                module = 'builtins'
+            else:
+                module = cls.__module__
+            bases = [base for base in cls.__bases__ if show_builtins or base not in py_builtins]
+            all_classes[cls] = (name, module, bases, cls.__module__)
+
+            for base in bases:
+                recurse(base)
+
+        for cls in classes:
+            recurse(cls)
+
+        return list(all_classes.values())

     def class_name(self, cls: Any, parts: int=0, aliases: (dict[str, str] |
         None)=None) ->str:
@@ -133,11 +183,27 @@ class InheritanceGraph:
         This works for things I've tested in matplotlib so far, but may not be
         completely general.
         """
-        pass
+        module = cls.__module__
+        name = cls.__qualname__
+        if module == 'builtins':
+            return name
+        
+        if aliases is not None and name in aliases:
+            return aliases[name]
+        
+        full_name = f"{module}.{name}"
+        if parts == 0:
+            return full_name
+        
+        name_parts = full_name.split('.')
+        if parts > 0:
+            return '.'.join(name_parts[-parts:])
+        else:
+            return '.'.join(name_parts[abs(parts):])

     def get_all_class_names(self) ->list[str]:
         """Get all of the class names involved in the graph."""
-        pass
+        return [name for (name, _, _, _) in self.class_info]
     default_graph_attrs = {'rankdir': 'LR', 'size': '"8.0, 12.0"',
         'bgcolor': 'transparent'}
     default_node_attrs = {'shape': 'box', 'fontsize': 10, 'height': 0.25,
@@ -160,7 +226,37 @@ class InheritanceGraph:
         *graph_attrs*, *node_attrs*, *edge_attrs* are dictionaries containing
         key/value pairs to pass on as graphviz properties.
         """
-        pass
+        g_attrs = self.default_graph_attrs.copy()
+        n_attrs = self.default_node_attrs.copy()
+        e_attrs = self.default_edge_attrs.copy()
+        if graph_attrs:
+            g_attrs.update(graph_attrs)
+        if node_attrs:
+            n_attrs.update(node_attrs)
+        if edge_attrs:
+            e_attrs.update(edge_attrs)
+
+        res = []
+        res.append(f'digraph {name} {{')
+        res.append('    rankdir = "LR"')
+        res.append('    bgcolor = "transparent"')
+
+        for name, _, bases, module in self.class_info:
+            # Write the node
+            this_node_attrs = n_attrs.copy()
+            url = urls and urls.get(name)
+            if url is not None:
+                this_node_attrs['URL'] = f'"{url}"'
+                this_node_attrs['target'] = '"_top"'
+            node = '    %s [%s]' % (name, ','.join('%s=%s' % x for x in this_node_attrs.items()))
+            res.append(node)
+
+            # Write the edges
+            for base_name in bases:
+                res.append(f'    {base_name} -> {name} [arrowhead="none", arrowtail="normal"]')
+
+        res.append('}')
+        return '\n'.join(res)


 class inheritance_diagram(graphviz):
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/intersphinx/_cli.py b/sphinx/ext/intersphinx/_cli.py
index 65410871f..c07f6f4ac 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/intersphinx/_cli.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/intersphinx/_cli.py
@@ -6,4 +6,18 @@ from sphinx.ext.intersphinx._load import _fetch_inventory

 def inspect_main(argv: list[str], /) ->int:
     """Debug functionality to print out an inventory"""
-    pass
+    if len(argv) < 2:
+        print("Usage: python -m sphinx.ext.intersphinx <URI>", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+    uri = argv[1]
+    try:
+        inventory = _fetch_inventory(None, uri, uri)
+        for type_name, items in inventory.items():
+            print(f"{type_name}:")
+            for name, (project, version, location, _) in items.items():
+                print(f"  {name:<30} {project:<20} {version:<10} {location}")
+        return 0
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error fetching inventory: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/intersphinx/_load.py b/sphinx/ext/intersphinx/_load.py
index 021469d71..22fb9aa7e 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/intersphinx/_load.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/intersphinx/_load.py
@@ -35,7 +35,31 @@ def validate_intersphinx_mapping(app: Sphinx, config: Config) ->None:
     * The second element of each value pair (inventory locations)
       is a tuple of non-empty strings or None.
     """
-    pass
+    intersphinx_mapping = config.intersphinx_mapping
+    if not isinstance(intersphinx_mapping, dict):
+        raise ConfigError('intersphinx_mapping must be a dictionary')
+    
+    for key, value in list(intersphinx_mapping.items()):
+        if not isinstance(key, str) or not key:
+            raise ConfigError('intersphinx_mapping key must be a non-empty string')
+        
+        if not isinstance(value, (list, tuple)) or len(value) != 2:
+            raise ConfigError('intersphinx_mapping value must be a two-element list or tuple')
+        
+        target_uri, inventory_locations = value
+        if not isinstance(target_uri, str) or not target_uri:
+            raise ConfigError('first element of intersphinx_mapping value must be a non-empty string')
+        
+        if inventory_locations is not None:
+            if not isinstance(inventory_locations, (list, tuple)):
+                inventory_locations = (inventory_locations,)
+            for loc in inventory_locations:
+                if not isinstance(loc, str) or not loc:
+                    raise ConfigError('second element of intersphinx_mapping value must be None or a tuple of non-empty strings')
+        
+        intersphinx_mapping[key] = (target_uri, inventory_locations)
+    
+    config.intersphinx_mapping = intersphinx_mapping


 def load_mappings(app: Sphinx) ->None:
@@ -43,18 +67,59 @@ def load_mappings(app: Sphinx) ->None:

     The intersphinx mappings are expected to be normalized.
     """
-    pass
+    env = app.env
+    config = app.config
+
+    if not hasattr(env, 'intersphinx_projects'):
+        env.intersphinx_projects = {}
+    if not hasattr(env, 'intersphinx_cache'):
+        env.intersphinx_cache = {}
+
+    for name, (uri, locations) in config.intersphinx_mapping.items():
+        env.intersphinx_projects[name] = _IntersphinxProject(
+            name=name,
+            uri=uri,
+            locations=locations or (None,),
+            inventory=None,
+        )


 def fetch_inventory(app: Sphinx, uri: InventoryURI, inv: str) ->Inventory:
     """Fetch, parse and return an intersphinx inventory file."""
-    pass
+    config = app.config
+    srcdir = app.srcdir
+
+    try:
+        inventory = _fetch_inventory(
+            target_uri=uri,
+            inv_location=inv,
+            config=config,
+            srcdir=srcdir,
+        )
+    except Exception as exc:
+        LOGGER.warning(__('intersphinx inventory %r not fetchable due to %s: %s'),
+                       inv, type(exc).__name__, exc)
+        return {}
+
+    return inventory


 def _fetch_inventory(*, target_uri: InventoryURI, inv_location: str, config:
     Config, srcdir: Path) ->Inventory:
     """Fetch, parse and return an intersphinx inventory file."""
-    pass
+    if inv_location is None:
+        inv_location = posixpath.join(target_uri, INVENTORY_FILENAME)
+
+    if inv_location.startswith(('http:', 'https:')):
+        f = _read_from_url(inv_location, config=config)
+    else:
+        f = path.join(srcdir, inv_location)
+
+    try:
+        with InventoryFile.load(f, uri=target_uri) as invdata:
+            return invdata.load()
+    except Exception as exc:
+        raise ValueError(__('Failed to read inventory file %r: %s') % (inv_location, exc))


 def _get_safe_url(url: str) ->str:
@@ -69,7 +134,13 @@ def _get_safe_url(url: str) ->str:
     :return: *url* with password removed
     :rtype: ``str``
     """
-    pass
+    parts = urlsplit(url)
+    if parts.username:
+        netloc = f'{parts.username}@{parts.hostname}'
+        if parts.port:
+            netloc += f':{parts.port}'
+        return urlunsplit((parts.scheme, netloc, parts.path, parts.query, parts.fragment))
+    return url


 def _strip_basic_auth(url: str) ->str:
@@ -86,7 +157,13 @@ def _strip_basic_auth(url: str) ->str:
     :return: *url* with any basic auth creds removed
     :rtype: ``str``
     """
-    pass
+    parts = urlsplit(url)
+    if parts.username or parts.password:
+        netloc = parts.hostname
+        if parts.port:
+            netloc += f':{parts.port}'
+        return urlunsplit((parts.scheme, netloc, parts.path, parts.query, parts.fragment))
+    return url


 def _read_from_url(url: str, *, config: Config) ->IO:
@@ -105,4 +182,9 @@ def _read_from_url(url: str, *, config: Config) ->IO:
     :return: data read from resource described by *url*
     :rtype: ``file``-like object
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        with requests.get(url, stream=True, config=config, timeout=config.intersphinx_timeout) as r:
+            r.raise_for_status()
+            return r.raw
+    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as exc:
+        raise ValueError(__('Could not fetch remote inventory %r: %s') % (url, exc))
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/intersphinx/_resolve.py b/sphinx/ext/intersphinx/_resolve.py
index 37f1281fc..d7e9ea944 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/intersphinx/_resolve.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/intersphinx/_resolve.py
@@ -34,7 +34,15 @@ def resolve_reference_in_inventory(env: BuildEnvironment, inv_name:

     Requires ``inventory_exists(env, inv_name)``.
     """
-    pass
+    inventory = InventoryAdapter(env).load(inv_name)
+    reftarget = node['reftarget']
+    if reftarget in inventory:
+        newnode = nodes.reference('', '', internal=False)
+        newnode['refuri'] = inventory[reftarget][2]
+        newnode['reftitle'] = inventory[reftarget][3]
+        newnode.append(contnode)
+        return newnode
+    return None


 def resolve_reference_any_inventory(env: BuildEnvironment,
@@ -44,7 +52,19 @@ def resolve_reference_any_inventory(env: BuildEnvironment,

     Resolution is tried with the target as is in any inventory.
     """
-    pass
+    reftarget = node['reftarget']
+    inventory_adapter = InventoryAdapter(env)
+    for inv_name in inventory_adapter.named_inventories:
+        if honor_disabled_refs and inv_name in env.config.intersphinx_disabled_reftypes:
+            continue
+        inventory = inventory_adapter.load(inv_name)
+        if reftarget in inventory:
+            newnode = nodes.reference('', '', internal=False)
+            newnode['refuri'] = inventory[reftarget][2]
+            newnode['reftitle'] = inventory[reftarget][3]
+            newnode.append(contnode)
+            return newnode
+    return None


 def resolve_reference_detect_inventory(env: BuildEnvironment, node:
@@ -56,13 +76,30 @@ def resolve_reference_detect_inventory(env: BuildEnvironment, node:
     to form ``inv_name:newtarget``. If ``inv_name`` is a named inventory, then resolution
     is tried in that inventory with the new target.
     """
-    pass
+    reftarget = node['reftarget']
+    result = resolve_reference_any_inventory(env, True, node, contnode)
+    if result:
+        return result
+
+    if ':' in reftarget:
+        inv_name, newtarget = reftarget.split(':', 1)
+        inventory_adapter = InventoryAdapter(env)
+        if inv_name in inventory_adapter.named_inventories:
+            node = node.copy()
+            node['reftarget'] = newtarget
+            return resolve_reference_in_inventory(env, inv_name, node, contnode)
+    return None


 def missing_reference(app: Sphinx, env: BuildEnvironment, node:
     pending_xref, contnode: TextElement) ->(nodes.reference | None):
     """Attempt to resolve a missing reference via intersphinx references."""
-    pass
+    if node.get('refdomain'):
+        domain = env.get_domain(node['refdomain'])
+        if domain.name != 'std':
+            return None
+
+    return resolve_reference_detect_inventory(env, node, contnode)


 class IntersphinxDispatcher(CustomReSTDispatcher):
@@ -90,7 +127,12 @@ class IntersphinxRole(SphinxRole):
         - ``external:name`` -- any inventory and domain, explicit name.
         - ``external:domain:name`` -- any inventory, explicit domain and name.
         """
-        pass
+        match = self._re_inv_ref.match(name)
+        if match:
+            inv_name = match.group(2)
+            suffix = match.group(3)
+            return inv_name, suffix
+        return None, name

     def _get_domain_role(self, name: str) ->tuple[str | None, str | None]:
         """Convert the *name* string into a domain and a role name.
@@ -99,12 +141,33 @@ class IntersphinxRole(SphinxRole):
         - If *name* contains a single ``:``, the domain/role is split on this.
         - If *name* contains multiple ``:``, return ``(None, None)``.
         """
-        pass
+        parts = name.split(':')
+        if len(parts) == 1:
+            return None, name
+        elif len(parts) == 2:
+            return parts[0], parts[1]
+        else:
+            return None, None

     def invoke_role(self, role: tuple[str, str]) ->tuple[list[Node], list[
         system_message]]:
         """Invoke the role described by a ``(domain, role name)`` pair."""
-        pass
+        domain_name, role_name = role
+        if domain_name:
+            domain = self.env.get_domain(domain_name)
+            role_fn = domain.roles.get(role_name)
+        else:
+            role_fn = self.env.roles.get(role_name)
+
+        if role_fn is None:
+            msg = self.inliner.reporter.error(
+                f'Unknown interpreted text role "{role_name}".',
+                line=self.lineno)
+            prb = self.inliner.problematic(self.rawtext, self.rawtext, msg)
+            return [prb], [msg]
+
+        return role_fn(self.name, self.rawtext, self.text, self.lineno,
+                       self.inliner, self.options, self.content)


 class IntersphinxRoleResolver(ReferencesResolver):
@@ -121,4 +184,7 @@ def install_dispatcher(app: Sphinx, docname: str, source: list[str]) ->None:
     .. note:: The installed dispatcher will be uninstalled on disabling sphinx_domain
               automatically.
     """
-    pass
+    dispatcher = IntersphinxDispatcher()
+    app.add_rst_parser(dispatcher)
+    app.connect('source-read', lambda app, docname, source: dispatcher.enable())
+    app.connect('doctree-read', lambda app, doctree: dispatcher.disable())
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/intersphinx/_shared.py b/sphinx/ext/intersphinx/_shared.py
index 56a5986a5..06e77b0e3 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/intersphinx/_shared.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/intersphinx/_shared.py
@@ -90,4 +90,4 @@ class InventoryAdapter:
         - Element two is a time value for cache invalidation, an integer.
         - Element three is the loaded remote inventory of type :class:`!Inventory`.
         """
-        pass
+        return self.env.intersphinx_cache
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/napoleon/docstring.py b/sphinx/ext/napoleon/docstring.py
index 9ee30cfc5..8d4e4b7da 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/napoleon/docstring.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/napoleon/docstring.py
@@ -49,13 +49,32 @@ class Deque(collections.deque):
         Return the nth element of the stack, or ``self.sentinel`` if n is
         greater than the stack size.
         """
-        pass
+        try:
+            return self[n]
+        except IndexError:
+            return self.sentinel


 def _convert_type_spec(_type: str, translations: (dict[str, str] | None)=None
     ) ->str:
     """Convert type specification to reference in reST."""
-    pass
+    if translations is None:
+        translations = {}
+    
+    # Remove any whitespace and split by '|' for union types
+    types = [t.strip() for t in _type.split('|')]
+    
+    converted_types = []
+    for t in types:
+        # Check if the type is in the translations dictionary
+        if t in translations:
+            converted_types.append(f':py:class:`{translations[t]}`')
+        else:
+            # If not in translations, assume it's a valid Python type
+            converted_types.append(f':py:class:`{t}`')
+    
+    # Join the converted types back together
+    return ' | '.join(converted_types)


 class GoogleDocstring:
@@ -215,7 +234,7 @@ class GoogleDocstring:
             The lines of the docstring in a list.

         """
-        pass
+        return self._parsed_lines


 class NumpyDocstring(GoogleDocstring):
@@ -330,4 +349,44 @@ class NumpyDocstring(GoogleDocstring):
         func_name1, func_name2, :meth:`func_name`, func_name3

         """
-        pass
+        result = []
+        current_func = None
+        current_desc = []
+
+        for line in content:
+            line = line.strip()
+            if ':' in line:
+                if current_func:
+                    result.extend(self._format_see_also_item(current_func, current_desc))
+                current_func, desc = line.split(':', 1)
+                current_desc = [desc.strip()]
+            elif line:
+                if current_func:
+                    current_desc.append(line)
+                else:
+                    result.append(self._format_admonition('seealso', [line]))
+            else:
+                if current_func:
+                    result.extend(self._format_see_also_item(current_func, current_desc))
+                    current_func = None
+                    current_desc = []
+
+        if current_func:
+            result.extend(self._format_see_also_item(current_func, current_desc))
+
+        return result
+
+    def _format_see_also_item(self, func: str, desc: list[str]) ->list[str]:
+        """Helper method to format individual See Also items."""
+        func_parts = func.split(',')
+        formatted_funcs = []
+        for part in func_parts:
+            part = part.strip()
+            if part.startswith(':'):
+                formatted_funcs.append(part)
+            else:
+                formatted_funcs.append(f':obj:`{part}`')
+        
+        item = [', '.join(formatted_funcs)]
+        item.extend('    ' + line for line in desc)
+        return item
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/todo.py b/sphinx/ext/todo.py
index 423cd2039..496775285 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/todo.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/todo.py
@@ -48,6 +48,29 @@ class Todo(BaseAdmonition, SphinxDirective):
     option_spec: ClassVar[OptionSpec] = {'class': directives.class_option,
         'name': directives.unchanged}

+    def run(self) ->list[Node]:
+        if not self.config.todo_include_todos:
+            return []
+
+        content = self.content
+        todo_entry = todo_node(content, **self.options)
+        todo_entry += nodes.title(_('Todo'), _('Todo'))
+        self.set_source_info(todo_entry)
+
+        targetid = 'todo-%d' % self.env.new_serialno('todo')
+        targetnode = nodes.target('', '', ids=[targetid])
+        self.state.document.note_explicit_target(targetnode)
+
+        todo_entry['ids'].append(targetid)
+        self.env.get_domain('todo').add_todo(targetid, {
+            'docname': self.env.docname,
+            'lineno': self.lineno,
+            'todo': todo_entry.deepcopy(),
+            'target': targetnode,
+        })
+
+        return [targetnode, todo_entry]
+

 class TodoDomain(Domain):
     name = 'todo'
@@ -64,6 +87,10 @@ class TodoList(SphinxDirective):
     final_argument_whitespace = False
     option_spec: ClassVar[OptionSpec] = {}

+    def run(self) ->list[Node]:
+        # Simply create a todolist node which will be processed later
+        return [todolist('')]
+

 class TodoListProcessor:

@@ -78,4 +105,48 @@ class TodoListProcessor:

     def resolve_reference(self, todo: todo_node, docname: str) ->None:
         """Resolve references in the todo content."""
-        pass
+        for node in todo.traverse(addnodes.pending_xref):
+            contnode = node[0].deepcopy()
+            newnode = None
+            try:
+                newnode = self.domain.resolve_xref(self.env, docname, self.builder,
+                                                   node['reftype'], node['reftarget'],
+                                                   node, contnode)
+            except NoUri:
+                pass
+            if newnode is None:
+                logger.warning(__('Failed to resolve %s: %s') % (node['reftype'], node['reftarget']),
+                               location=node)
+            else:
+                node.replace_self(newnode)
+
+    def process(self, doctree: nodes.document, docname: str) ->None:
+        for node in doctree.traverse(todolist):
+            if not self.config.todo_include_todos:
+                node.parent.remove(node)
+                continue
+
+            content = []
+            for todo_info in self.domain.get_todos():
+                para = nodes.paragraph(classes=['todo-source'])
+                description = _('(The original entry is located in %s, line %d.)') % \
+                              (todo_info['docname'], todo_info['lineno'])
+                para += nodes.Text(description)
+
+                ref = nodes.reference('', '')
+                ref['refdocname'] = todo_info['docname']
+                ref['refuri'] = self.builder.get_relative_uri(docname, todo_info['docname'])
+                ref['refuri'] += '#' + todo_info['target']['refid']
+                ref.append(nodes.Text(todo_info['docname']))
+
+                para += nodes.Text(' (')
+                para += ref
+                para += nodes.Text(')')
+
+                item = nodes.list_item('', para)
+                todo_entry = todo_info['todo']
+                self.resolve_reference(todo_entry, docname)
+                item += todo_entry
+                content.append(item)
+
+            node.replace_self(nodes.bullet_list('', *content))
diff --git a/sphinx/ext/viewcode.py b/sphinx/ext/viewcode.py
index 2fc49bef8..7fa4289fb 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/viewcode.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/viewcode.py
@@ -44,9 +44,21 @@ class ViewcodeAnchorTransform(SphinxPostTransform):

 def get_module_filename(app: Sphinx, modname: str) ->(str | None):
     """Get module filename for *modname*."""
-    pass
+    try:
+        module = import_module(modname)
+        return module.__file__
+    except ImportError:
+        logger.warning(__('Failed to import %s'), modname)
+        return None


 def should_generate_module_page(app: Sphinx, modname: str) ->bool:
     """Check generation of module page is needed."""
-    pass
+    try:
+        module = import_module(modname)
+        # Check if the module has any public attributes or functions
+        public_members = [name for name in dir(module) if not name.startswith('_')]
+        return len(public_members) > 0
+    except ImportError:
+        logger.warning(__('Failed to import %s'), modname)
+        return False
diff --git a/sphinx/extension.py b/sphinx/extension.py
index 816225dad..df757e581 100644
--- a/sphinx/extension.py
+++ b/sphinx/extension.py
@@ -32,4 +32,26 @@ def verify_needs_extensions(app: Sphinx, config: Config) ->None:
     :raises VersionRequirementError: if the version of an extension in
     :confval:`needs_extension` is unknown or older than the required version.
     """
-    pass
+    if not hasattr(config, 'needs_extensions'):
+        return
+
+    for name, version in config.needs_extensions.items():
+        if name not in app.extensions:
+            logger.warning(__('The extension %r was not loaded yet, but is required for this project.'), name)
+            continue
+
+        ext = app.extensions[name]
+        if ext.version == 'unknown version':
+            logger.warning(__('The extension %r has an unknown version'), name)
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            required = Version(version)
+            actual = Version(ext.version)
+            if actual < required:
+                raise VersionRequirementError(
+                    __('This project needs the extension %r at least in version %s, '
+                       'but you have version %s.') % (name, version, ext.version)
+                )
+        except InvalidVersion:
+            logger.warning(__('The version of %r is invalid.'), name)
diff --git a/sphinx/io.py b/sphinx/io.py
index 5f18053ac..da117b837 100644
--- a/sphinx/io.py
+++ b/sphinx/io.py
@@ -44,7 +44,10 @@ class SphinxBaseReader(standalone.Reader):
         Creates a new document object which has a special reporter object good
         for logging.
         """
-        pass
+        document = super().new_document()
+        reporter = LoggingReporter.from_reporter(document.reporter)
+        document.reporter = reporter
+        return document


 class SphinxStandaloneReader(SphinxBaseReader):
@@ -54,7 +57,10 @@ class SphinxStandaloneReader(SphinxBaseReader):

     def read_source(self, env: BuildEnvironment) ->str:
         """Read content from source and do post-process."""
-        pass
+        content = super().read()
+        if isinstance(self.source, str):
+            content = env.preprocess_source(self.source, content)
+        return content


 class SphinxI18nReader(SphinxBaseReader):
@@ -74,7 +80,7 @@ class SphinxDummyWriter(UnfilteredWriter):

 def SphinxDummySourceClass(source: Any, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) ->Any:
     """Bypass source object as is to cheat Publisher."""
-    pass
+    return source


 class SphinxFileInput(FileInput):
diff --git a/sphinx/jinja2glue.py b/sphinx/jinja2glue.py
index 6b3cabe75..f6a146e29 100644
--- a/sphinx/jinja2glue.py
+++ b/sphinx/jinja2glue.py
@@ -28,12 +28,23 @@ def _todim(val: (int | str)) ->str:

     Everything else is returned unchanged.
     """
-    pass
+    if val is None:
+        return 'initial'
+    if val == 0 or val == '0':
+        return '0'
+    if isinstance(val, int) or (isinstance(val, str) and val.isdigit()):
+        return f'{val}px'
+    return str(val)


 def accesskey(context: Any, key: str) ->str:
     """Helper to output each access key only once."""
-    pass
+    if 'accesskeys' not in context:
+        context['accesskeys'] = set()
+    if key not in context['accesskeys']:
+        context['accesskeys'].add(key)
+        return ' accesskey="%s"' % key
+    return ''


 class idgen:
@@ -46,6 +57,9 @@ class idgen:
         return self.id
     next = __next__

+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+

 class SphinxFileSystemLoader(FileSystemLoader):
     """
@@ -53,8 +67,56 @@ class SphinxFileSystemLoader(FileSystemLoader):
     template names.
     """

+    def get_source(self, environment: Environment, template: str) -> tuple[str, str | None, Callable[[], bool] | None]:
+        try:
+            return super().get_source(environment, template)
+        except TemplateNotFound:
+            # Try to load the template by joining it with the search path
+            for searchpath in self.searchpath:
+                filename = path.join(searchpath, template)
+                if path.exists(filename):
+                    with open(filename, 'r', encoding=self.encoding) as f:
+                        contents = f.read()
+                    mtime = path.getmtime(filename)
+                    def uptodate():
+                        try:
+                            return path.getmtime(filename) == mtime
+                        except OSError:
+                            return False
+                    return contents, filename, uptodate
+            raise TemplateNotFound(template)
+

 class BuiltinTemplateLoader(TemplateBridge, BaseLoader):
     """
     Interfaces the rendering environment of jinja2 for use in Sphinx.
     """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.loaders: dict[str, SphinxFileSystemLoader] = {}
+        self.templates: dict[str, str] = {}
+        self.environment = SandboxedEnvironment(loader=self)
+
+    def init(self, builder: Builder, theme: Theme | None = None, dirs: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
+        self.loaders = {}
+        self.templates = {}
+        if theme:
+            self.loaders['theme'] = SphinxFileSystemLoader(theme.get_theme_dirs())
+        if dirs:
+            self.loaders['searchpath'] = SphinxFileSystemLoader(dirs)
+        if builder.config.template_path:
+            self.loaders['template_path'] = SphinxFileSystemLoader(builder.config.template_path)
+
+    def get_source(self, environment: Environment, template: str) -> tuple[str, str | None, Callable[[], bool] | None]:
+        for loadername, loader in self.loaders.items():
+            try:
+                return loader.get_source(environment, template)
+            except TemplateNotFound:
+                pass
+        raise TemplateNotFound(template)
+
+    def render(self, template: str, context: dict) -> str:
+        return self.environment.get_template(template).render(context)
+
+    def render_string(self, source: str, context: dict) -> str:
+        return self.environment.from_string(source).render(context)
diff --git a/sphinx/parsers.py b/sphinx/parsers.py
index a9686d339..4d0f211fd 100644
--- a/sphinx/parsers.py
+++ b/sphinx/parsers.py
@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ class Parser(docutils.parsers.Parser):

         :param sphinx.application.Sphinx app: Sphinx application object
         """
-        pass
+        self.app = app
+        self.config = app.config
+        self.env = app.env


 class RSTParser(docutils.parsers.rst.Parser, Parser):
@@ -44,13 +46,19 @@ class RSTParser(docutils.parsers.rst.Parser, Parser):

         refs: sphinx.io.SphinxStandaloneReader
         """
-        pass
+        transforms = super().get_transforms()
+        transforms.remove(SmartQuotes)
+        return transforms

     def parse(self, inputstring: (str | StringList), document: nodes.document
         ) ->None:
         """Parse text and generate a document tree."""
-        pass
+        if isinstance(inputstring, str):
+            inputstring = StringList(inputstring.splitlines(), document.current_source)
+        self.decorate(inputstring)
+        super().parse(inputstring, document)

     def decorate(self, content: StringList) ->None:
         """Preprocess reST content before parsing."""
-        pass
+        prepend_prolog(content, self.config.rst_prolog)
+        append_epilog(content, self.config.rst_epilog)
diff --git a/sphinx/project.py b/sphinx/project.py
index 7075b88a1..0b6a51895 100644
--- a/sphinx/project.py
+++ b/sphinx/project.py
@@ -29,21 +29,53 @@ class Project:

     def restore(self, other: Project) ->None:
         """Take over a result of last build."""
-        pass
+        self.docnames = other.docnames
+        self._path_to_docname = other._path_to_docname
+        self._docname_to_path = other._docname_to_path

     def discover(self, exclude_paths: Iterable[str]=(), include_paths:
         Iterable[str]=('**',)) ->set[str]:
         """Find all document files in the source directory and put them in
         :attr:`docnames`.
         """
-        pass
+        self.docnames = set()
+        self._path_to_docname.clear()
+        self._docname_to_path.clear()
+
+        for filename in get_matching_files(self.srcdir, include_patterns=include_paths,
+                                           exclude_patterns=list(exclude_paths) + EXCLUDE_PATHS):
+            if os.path.splitext(filename)[1] in self.source_suffix:
+                docname = self.path2doc(filename)
+                if docname:
+                    self.docnames.add(docname)
+
+        return self.docnames

     def path2doc(self, filename: (str | os.PathLike[str])) ->(str | None):
         """Return the docname for the filename if the file is a document.

         *filename* should be absolute or relative to the source directory.
         """
-        pass
+        filename = Path(filename).resolve()
+        try:
+            rel_path = filename.relative_to(self.srcdir)
+        except ValueError:
+            return None
+
+        for suffix in self.source_suffix:
+            if rel_path.name.endswith(suffix):
+                rel_path = rel_path.with_suffix('')
+                break
+        else:
+            return None
+
+        docname = str(rel_path).replace(os.path.sep, '/')
+        if docname in self._path_to_docname:
+            return self._path_to_docname[filename]
+        else:
+            self._path_to_docname[filename] = docname
+            self._docname_to_path[docname] = filename
+            return docname

     def doc2path(self, docname: str, absolute: bool) ->_StrPath:
         """Return the filename for the document name.
@@ -51,4 +83,17 @@ class Project:
         If *absolute* is True, return as an absolute path.
         Else, return as a relative path to the source directory.
         """
-        pass
+        if docname in self._docname_to_path:
+            path = self._docname_to_path[docname]
+        else:
+            path = Path(docname.replace('/', os.path.sep))
+            if not path.suffix:
+                path = path.with_suffix(self._first_source_suffix)
+            path = Path(self.srcdir) / path
+            self._docname_to_path[docname] = path
+            self._path_to_docname[path] = docname
+
+        if absolute:
+            return path_stabilize(path)
+        else:
+            return _StrPath(path.relative_to(self.srcdir))
diff --git a/sphinx/pycode/ast.py b/sphinx/pycode/ast.py
index f7da51a16..e7d9e4009 100644
--- a/sphinx/pycode/ast.py
+++ b/sphinx/pycode/ast.py
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ OPERATORS: dict[type[ast.AST], str] = {ast.Add: '+', ast.And: 'and', ast.

 def unparse(node: (ast.AST | None), code: str='') ->(str | None):
     """Unparse an AST to string."""
-    pass
+    if node is None:
+        return None
+    visitor = _UnparseVisitor(code)
+    return visitor.visit(node)


 class _UnparseVisitor(ast.NodeVisitor):
@@ -24,4 +27,9 @@ class _UnparseVisitor(ast.NodeVisitor):
     def _visit_arg_with_default(self, arg: ast.arg, default: (ast.AST | None)
         ) ->str:
         """Unparse a single argument to a string."""
-        pass
+        result = arg.arg
+        if arg.annotation:
+            result += ': ' + self.visit(arg.annotation)
+        if default:
+            result += ' = ' + self.visit(default)
+        return result
diff --git a/sphinx/pycode/parser.py b/sphinx/pycode/parser.py
index 54e6b77c5..0f263c6a3 100644
--- a/sphinx/pycode/parser.py
+++ b/sphinx/pycode/parser.py
@@ -20,7 +20,12 @@ emptyline_re = re.compile('^\\s*(#.*)?$')

 def get_assign_targets(node: ast.AST) ->list[ast.expr]:
     """Get list of targets from Assign and AnnAssign node."""
-    pass
+    if isinstance(node, ast.Assign):
+        return node.targets
+    elif isinstance(node, ast.AnnAssign):
+        return [node.target]
+    else:
+        return []


 def get_lvar_names(node: ast.AST, self: (ast.arg | None)=None) ->list[str]:
@@ -32,12 +37,24 @@ def get_lvar_names(node: ast.AST, self: (ast.arg | None)=None) ->list[str]:
         dic["bar"] = 'baz'
         # => TypeError
     """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(node, ast.Name):
+        return [node.id]
+    elif isinstance(node, ast.Tuple) or isinstance(node, ast.List):
+        return sum((get_lvar_names(elt, self) for elt in node.elts), [])
+    elif isinstance(node, ast.Attribute):
+        if isinstance(node.value, ast.Name) and node.value.id == 'self':
+            return [f'self.{node.attr}']
+        else:
+            raise TypeError('The assignment is not a variable')
+    else:
+        raise TypeError('The assignment is not a variable')


 def dedent_docstring(s: str) ->str:
     """Remove common leading indentation from docstring."""
-    pass
+    def dummy(): pass
+    dummy.__doc__ = s
+    return inspect.getdoc(dummy)


 class Token:
@@ -56,7 +73,7 @@ class Token:
             return self.kind == other
         elif isinstance(other, str):
             return self.value == other
-        elif isinstance(other, list | tuple):
+        elif isinstance(other, (list, tuple)):
             return [self.kind, self.value] == list(other)
         elif other is None:
             return False
@@ -80,21 +97,39 @@ class TokenProcessor:

     def get_line(self, lineno: int) ->str:
         """Returns specified line."""
-        pass
+        return self.buffers[lineno - 1]

     def fetch_token(self) ->(Token | None):
         """Fetch the next token from source code.

         Returns ``None`` if sequence finished.
         """
-        pass
+        try:
+            token = next(self.tokens)
+            self.previous = self.current
+            self.current = Token(*token)
+            return self.current
+        except StopIteration:
+            return None

     def fetch_until(self, condition: Any) ->list[Token]:
         """Fetch tokens until specified token appeared.

         .. note:: This also handles parenthesis well.
         """
-        pass
+        tokens = []
+        depth = 0
+        while True:
+            token = self.fetch_token()
+            if token is None:
+                return tokens
+            tokens.append(token)
+            if token == '(':
+                depth += 1
+            elif token == ')':
+                depth -= 1
+            elif depth == 0 and token == condition:
+                return tokens


 class AfterCommentParser(TokenProcessor):
diff --git a/sphinx/registry.py b/sphinx/registry.py
index dac389ea8..85a88c86b 100644
--- a/sphinx/registry.py
+++ b/sphinx/registry.py
@@ -69,9 +69,26 @@ class SphinxComponentRegistry:

     def load_extension(self, app: Sphinx, extname: str) ->None:
         """Load a Sphinx extension."""
-        pass
+        try:
+            module = import_module(extname)
+            setup_func = getattr(module, 'setup', None)
+            if setup_func is None:
+                raise ExtensionError(f"Extension {extname} has no setup() function")
+            
+            if callable(setup_func):
+                setup_func(app)
+            else:
+                raise ExtensionError(f"Extension {extname}'s setup() function is not callable")
+            
+            app.extensions[extname] = Extension(extname, module.__file__)
+        except ImportError as exc:
+            raise ExtensionError(f"Could not import extension {extname}", exc) from exc
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise ExtensionError(f"Error occurred while setting up extension {extname}", exc) from exc


 def merge_source_suffix(app: Sphinx, config: Config) ->None:
     """Merge any user-specified source_suffix with any added by extensions."""
-    pass
+    for suffix, filetype in app.registry.source_suffix.items():
+        if suffix not in config.source_suffix:
+            config.source_suffix[suffix] = filetype
diff --git a/sphinx/roles.py b/sphinx/roles.py
index 8173b137a..50ddde675 100644
--- a/sphinx/roles.py
+++ b/sphinx/roles.py
@@ -68,7 +68,16 @@ class XRefRole(ReferenceRole):
         reference node and must return a new (or the same) ``(title, target)``
         tuple.
         """
-        pass
+        if self.fix_parens:
+            if not has_explicit_title:
+                title = utils.unescape(title)
+            if target.endswith('()'):
+                target = target[:-2]
+            if not has_explicit_title:
+                title += '()'
+        if self.lowercase:
+            target = target.lower()
+        return title, target

     def result_nodes(self, document: nodes.document, env: BuildEnvironment,
         node: Element, is_ref: bool) ->tuple[list[Node], list[system_message]]:
@@ -77,7 +86,7 @@ class XRefRole(ReferenceRole):
         This method can add other nodes and must return a ``(nodes, messages)``
         tuple (the usual return value of a role function).
         """
-        pass
+        return [node], []


 class AnyXRefRole(XRefRole):
diff --git a/sphinx/search/ja.py b/sphinx/search/ja.py
index 703d7260b..d9001fc49 100644
--- a/sphinx/search/ja.py
+++ b/sphinx/search/ja.py
@@ -49,6 +49,53 @@ class MecabSplitter(BaseSplitter):
         if self.ctypes_libmecab:
             self.ctypes_libmecab.mecab_destroy(self.ctypes_mecab)

+    def init_native(self, options):
+        self.mecab = MeCab.Tagger(options.get('mecab_args', ''))
+
+    def init_ctypes(self, options):
+        import ctypes
+        import ctypes.util
+
+        libmecab = ctypes.util.find_library('mecab')
+        if libmecab is None:
+            raise RuntimeError('libmecab not found')
+
+        self.ctypes_libmecab = ctypes.CDLL(libmecab)
+        self.ctypes_libmecab.mecab_new.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
+        self.ctypes_libmecab.mecab_new.argtypes = (ctypes.c_int, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char_p))
+        self.ctypes_libmecab.mecab_sparse_tostr.restype = ctypes.c_char_p
+        self.ctypes_libmecab.mecab_sparse_tostr.argtypes = (ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_char_p)
+        self.ctypes_libmecab.mecab_destroy.argtypes = (ctypes.c_void_p,)
+
+        mecab_args = options.get('mecab_args', '').encode('utf-8')
+        argc = 1
+        argv = (ctypes.c_char_p * 2)(b'mecab', mecab_args)
+        self.ctypes_mecab = self.ctypes_libmecab.mecab_new(argc, argv)
+        if self.ctypes_mecab is None:
+            raise RuntimeError('mecab_new failed')
+
+    def split(self, input: str) ->list[str]:
+        if native_module:
+            return self.split_native(input)
+        else:
+            return self.split_ctypes(input)
+
+    def split_native(self, input: str) ->list[str]:
+        result = []
+        for node in self.mecab.parse(input).split('\n'):
+            if node == 'EOS':
+                break
+            surface = node.split('\t')[0]
+            if surface:
+                result.append(surface)
+        return result
+
+    def split_ctypes(self, input: str) ->list[str]:
+        input_bytes = input.encode(self.dict_encode)
+        result_bytes = self.ctypes_libmecab.mecab_sparse_tostr(self.ctypes_mecab, input_bytes)
+        result_string = result_bytes.decode(self.dict_encode)
+        return [line.split('\t')[0] for line in result_string.splitlines() if line != 'EOS']
+

 class JanomeSplitter(BaseSplitter):

@@ -58,6 +105,14 @@ class JanomeSplitter(BaseSplitter):
         self.user_dict_enc = options.get('user_dic_enc', 'utf8')
         self.init_tokenizer()

+    def init_tokenizer(self):
+        if not janome_module:
+            raise ImportError('Janome is not installed')
+        self.tokenizer = janome.tokenizer.Tokenizer(udic=self.user_dict, udic_enc=self.user_dict_enc)
+
+    def split(self, input: str) ->list[str]:
+        return [token.surface for token in self.tokenizer.tokenize(input)]
+

 class DefaultSplitter(BaseSplitter):
     patterns_ = {re.compile(pattern): value for pattern, value in {
@@ -330,3 +385,16 @@ class SearchJapanese(SearchLanguage):
     """
     lang = 'ja'
     language_name = 'Japanese'
+
+    def __init__(self, options):
+        super().__init__(options)
+        self.splitter = DefaultSplitter(options)
+
+    def split(self, input):
+        return self.splitter.split(input)
+
+    def word_filter(self, stemmed_word):
+        return len(stemmed_word) > 1
+
+    def stem(self, word):
+        return word
diff --git a/sphinx/testing/fixtures.py b/sphinx/testing/fixtures.py
index 354a465af..7ab094149 100644
--- a/sphinx/testing/fixtures.py
+++ b/sphinx/testing/fixtures.py
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ DEFAULT_ENABLED_MARKERS = [

 def pytest_configure(config: pytest.Config) ->None:
     """Register custom markers"""
-    pass
+    for marker in DEFAULT_ENABLED_MARKERS:
+        config.addinivalue_line('markers', marker)


 class SharedResult:
@@ -33,7 +34,18 @@ def app_params(request: Any, test_params: dict[str, Any], shared_result:
     Parameters that are specified by 'pytest.mark.sphinx' for
     sphinx.application.Sphinx initialization
     """
-    pass
+    markers = request.node.iter_markers('sphinx')
+    pargs = {}
+    kwargs = {}
+
+    if markers:
+        # use last args if multiple 'sphinx' markers are specified
+        args, kwargs = list(markers)[-1].args, list(markers)[-1].kwargs
+
+    kwargs.setdefault('srcdir', sphinx_test_tempdir)
+    kwargs.setdefault('builddir', os.path.join(sphinx_test_tempdir, '_build'))
+
+    return _app_params(args, kwargs)


 _app_params = namedtuple('_app_params', 'args,kwargs')
@@ -50,7 +62,10 @@ def test_params(request: Any) ->dict[str, Any]:
        have same 'shared_result' value.
        **NOTE**: You can not specify both shared_result and srcdir.
     """
-    pass
+    markers = request.node.iter_markers('test_params')
+    if markers:
+        return list(markers)[-1].kwargs
+    return {}


 @pytest.fixture
@@ -60,7 +75,9 @@ def app(test_params: dict[str, Any], app_params: _app_params, make_app:
     """
     Provides the 'sphinx.application.Sphinx' object
     """
-    pass
+    app = make_app()
+    yield app
+    app.cleanup()


 @pytest.fixture
@@ -68,7 +85,7 @@ def status(app: SphinxTestApp) ->StringIO:
     """
     Back-compatibility for testing with previous @with_app decorator
     """
-    pass
+    return app._status


 @pytest.fixture
@@ -76,7 +93,7 @@ def warning(app: SphinxTestApp) ->StringIO:
     """
     Back-compatibility for testing with previous @with_app decorator
     """
-    pass
+    return app._warning


 @pytest.fixture
@@ -87,7 +104,10 @@ def make_app(test_params: dict[str, Any]) ->Iterator[Callable[[],
     if you want to initialize 'app' in your test function. please use this
     instead of using SphinxTestApp class directory.
     """
-    pass
+    def _make_app():
+        app = SphinxTestApp(**test_params)
+        return app
+    yield _make_app


 @pytest.fixture
@@ -96,13 +116,14 @@ def if_graphviz_found(app: SphinxTestApp) ->None:
     The test will be skipped when using 'if_graphviz_found' fixture and graphviz
     dot command is not found.
     """
-    pass
+    if shutil.which('dot') is None:
+        pytest.skip('graphviz "dot" command is not available')


 @pytest.fixture(scope='session')
 def sphinx_test_tempdir(tmp_path_factory: pytest.TempPathFactory) ->Path:
     """Temporary directory."""
-    pass
+    return tmp_path_factory.getbasetemp() / "sphinx-test"


 @pytest.fixture
@@ -114,4 +135,7 @@ def rollback_sysmodules() ->Iterator[None]:
     For example, used in test_ext_autosummary.py to permit unloading the
     target module to clear its cache.
     """
-    pass
+    modules = sys.modules.copy()
+    yield
+    sys.modules.clear()
+    sys.modules.update(modules)
diff --git a/sphinx/testing/path.py b/sphinx/testing/path.py
index 6aa6b7bf7..f26454965 100644
--- a/sphinx/testing/path.py
+++ b/sphinx/testing/path.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ FILESYSTEMENCODING = sys.getfilesystemencoding() or sys.getdefaultencoding()

 def getumask() ->int:
     """Get current umask value"""
-    pass
+    return os.umask(0)


 UMASK = getumask()
@@ -33,43 +33,43 @@ class path(str):
         """
         The name of the directory the file or directory is in.
         """
-        pass
+        return path(os.path.dirname(self))

     def abspath(self) ->path:
         """
         Returns the absolute path.
         """
-        pass
+        return path(os.path.abspath(self))

     def isabs(self) ->bool:
         """
         Returns ``True`` if the path is absolute.
         """
-        pass
+        return os.path.isabs(self)

     def isdir(self) ->bool:
         """
         Returns ``True`` if the path is a directory.
         """
-        pass
+        return os.path.isdir(self)

     def isfile(self) ->bool:
         """
         Returns ``True`` if the path is a file.
         """
-        pass
+        return os.path.isfile(self)

     def islink(self) ->bool:
         """
         Returns ``True`` if the path is a symbolic link.
         """
-        pass
+        return os.path.islink(self)

     def ismount(self) ->bool:
         """
         Returns ``True`` if the path is a mount point.
         """
-        pass
+        return os.path.ismount(self)

     def rmtree(self, ignore_errors: bool=False, onerror: (Callable[[
         Callable[..., Any], str, Any], object] | None)=None) ->None:
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class path(str):
             caused it to fail and `exc_info` is a tuple as returned by
             :func:`sys.exc_info`.
         """
-        pass
+        shutil.rmtree(self, ignore_errors=ignore_errors, onerror=onerror)

     def copytree(self, destination: str, symlinks: bool=False) ->None:
         """
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class path(str):
             links in the destination tree otherwise the contents of the files
             pointed to by the symbolic links are copied.
         """
-        pass
+        shutil.copytree(self, destination, symlinks=symlinks)

     def movetree(self, destination: str) ->None:
         """
@@ -110,39 +110,42 @@ class path(str):
         If the `destination` is a file it may be overwritten depending on the
         :func:`os.rename` semantics.
         """
-        pass
+        shutil.move(self, destination)
     move = movetree

     def unlink(self) ->None:
         """
         Removes a file.
         """
-        pass
+        os.unlink(self)

     def stat(self) ->Any:
         """
         Returns a stat of the file.
         """
-        pass
+        return os.stat(self)

     def write_text(self, text: str, encoding: str='utf-8', **kwargs: Any
         ) ->None:
         """
         Writes the given `text` to the file.
         """
-        pass
+        with open(self, 'w', encoding=encoding, **kwargs) as f:
+            f.write(text)

     def read_text(self, encoding: str='utf-8', **kwargs: Any) ->str:
         """
         Returns the text in the file.
         """
-        pass
+        with open(self, 'r', encoding=encoding, **kwargs) as f:
+            return f.read()

     def read_bytes(self) ->builtins.bytes:
         """
         Returns the bytes in the file.
         """
-        pass
+        with open(self, 'rb') as f:
+            return f.read()

     def write_bytes(self, bytes: bytes, append: bool=False) ->None:
         """
@@ -151,32 +154,34 @@ class path(str):
         :param append:
             If ``True`` given `bytes` are added at the end of the file.
         """
-        pass
+        mode = 'ab' if append else 'wb'
+        with open(self, mode) as f:
+            f.write(bytes)

     def exists(self) ->bool:
         """
         Returns ``True`` if the path exist.
         """
-        pass
+        return os.path.exists(self)

     def lexists(self) ->bool:
         """
         Returns ``True`` if the path exists unless it is a broken symbolic
         link.
         """
-        pass
+        return os.path.lexists(self)

     def makedirs(self, mode: int=511, exist_ok: bool=False) ->None:
         """
         Recursively create directories.
         """
-        pass
+        os.makedirs(self, mode=mode, exist_ok=exist_ok)

     def joinpath(self, *args: Any) ->path:
         """
         Joins the path with the argument given and returns the result.
         """
-        pass
+        return path(os.path.join(self, *args))
     __div__ = __truediv__ = joinpath

     def __repr__(self) ->str:
diff --git a/sphinx/testing/restructuredtext.py b/sphinx/testing/restructuredtext.py
index f8e53bc18..19f7ecbdb 100644
--- a/sphinx/testing/restructuredtext.py
+++ b/sphinx/testing/restructuredtext.py
@@ -9,4 +9,21 @@ from sphinx.util.docutils import sphinx_domains

 def parse(app: Sphinx, text: str, docname: str='index') ->nodes.document:
     """Parse a string as reStructuredText with Sphinx application."""
-    pass
+    reader = SphinxStandaloneReader()
+    parser = RSTParser()
+    parser.set_application(app)
+    
+    settings = app.env.settings.copy()
+    settings['initial_header_level'] = 1
+    settings['docname'] = docname
+    
+    with sphinx_domains(app.env):
+        document = publish_doctree(
+            source=text,
+            source_path=path.join(app.srcdir, docname + '.rst'),
+            reader=reader,
+            parser=parser,
+            settings_overrides=settings,
+        )
+    
+    return document
diff --git a/sphinx/testing/util.py b/sphinx/testing/util.py
index 6b9e7daa2..0f8542855 100644
--- a/sphinx/testing/util.py
+++ b/sphinx/testing/util.py
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:

 def etree_parse(path: (str | os.PathLike[str])) ->ElementTree:
     """Parse a file into a (safe) XML element tree."""
-    pass
+    from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
+    parser = ET.XMLParser(resolve_entities=False)
+    return ET.parse(path, parser=parser)


 class SphinxTestApp(sphinx.application.Sphinx):
@@ -102,12 +104,12 @@ class SphinxTestApp(sphinx.application.Sphinx):
     @property
     def status(self) ->StringIO:
         """The in-memory text I/O for the application status messages."""
-        pass
+        return self._status

     @property
     def warning(self) ->StringIO:
         """The in-memory text I/O for the application warning messages."""
-        pass
+        return self._warning

     def __repr__(self) ->str:
         return f'<{self.__class__.__name__} buildername={self.builder.name!r}>'
diff --git a/sphinx/texinputs/sphinxlatextables.sty b/sphinx/texinputs/sphinxlatextables.sty
index 4114955e0..f52692fc7 100644
--- a/sphinx/texinputs/sphinxlatextables.sty
+++ b/sphinx/texinputs/sphinxlatextables.sty
@@ -412,12 +412,50 @@
    \fi
   \fi
 }%
+
+% Implementation of is_longtable()
+\def\is@longtable{%
+  \ifx\longtable\undefined
+    \@false
+  \else
+    \ifx\sphinxtablecolumns\undefined
+      \@false
+    \else
+      \ifnum\sphinxtablecolumns>\z@
+        \@true
+      \else
+        \@false
+      \fi
+    \fi
+  \fi
+}
 % fallback default in case user has set latex_use_latex_multicolumn to True:
 % \sphinxcolwidth will use this only inside LaTeX's standard \multicolumn
 \def\sphinx@multiwidth #1#2{\dimexpr % #1 to gobble the \@gobble (!)
     (\ifx\TY@final\@undefined\linewidth\else\sphinx@TY@tablewidth\fi
      -\spx@arrayrulewidth)*#2-\tw@\tabcolsep-\spx@arrayrulewidth\relax}%

+% Implementation of get_table_type()
+\def\get@table@type{%
+  \ifx\longtable\undefined
+    \ifx\tabulary\undefined
+      tabular%
+    \else
+      tabulary%
+    \fi
+  \else
+    \ifnum\sphinxtablecolumns>\z@
+      longtable%
+    \else
+      \ifx\tabulary\undefined
+        tabular%
+      \else
+        tabulary%
+      \fi
+    \fi
+  \fi
+}
+
 % \spx@table@hackCT@inhibitvline
 % packages like colortbl add group levels, we need to "climb back up" to be
 % able to hack the \vline and also the colortbl inserted tokens.  The hack
@@ -455,6 +493,19 @@
     % hence also \spx@arrayrulewidth...
          {\sphinxcolorpanelextraoverhang+\the\spx@arrayrulewidth}%
     \else\aftergroup\spx@table@hackCT@fixcolorpanel\fi}%
+
+% Implementation of get_colspec()
+\def\get@colspec{%
+  \ifx\sphinxtablecolspec\undefined
+    \ifx\sphinxtablecolwidths\undefined
+      l% Default to left-aligned if no column spec is provided
+    \else
+      \sphinxtablecolwidths
+    \fi
+  \else
+    \sphinxtablecolspec
+  \fi
+}
 %
 % inmergedcell
 % \spx@table@hackCT@inmergedcell will be locally set to either this
@@ -1200,6 +1251,25 @@ local use of booktabs table style}%
 % header row colours are fixed, not alternating, so there is at least no
 % coherence issue there.

+% Implementation of add_cell()
+\def\add@cell#1#2{%
+  \global\advance\sphinxtablecellid by 1\relax
+  \count@=#1\relax
+  \@whilenum\count@>\z@\do{%
+    \advance\count@\m@ne
+    \count@@=#2\relax
+    \@whilenum\count@@>\z@\do{%
+      \advance\count@@\m@ne
+      \expandafter\gdef\csname sphinxtablecell@\the\sphinxtablerow @\the\sphinxtablecol\endcsname{\the\sphinxtablecellid}%
+      \global\advance\sphinxtablecol by 1\relax
+    }%
+    \global\sphinxtablecol=\sphinxtablestartcol\relax
+    \global\advance\sphinxtablerow by 1\relax
+  }%
+  \global\sphinxtablerow=\sphinxtablestartrow\relax
+  \global\advance\sphinxtablecol by #2\relax
+}
+
 % The \spx@arrayrulewidth is used for some complex matters of merged
 % cells size computations.
 % tabularcolumns argument will override any global or local style and
@@ -1237,5 +1307,23 @@ local use of booktabs table style}%
     }
 \fi

+% Implementation of cell()
+\def\get@cell#1#2{%
+  \ifx#1\relax
+    \def\sphinxtablecurrentrow{\the\sphinxtablerow}%
+  \else
+    \def\sphinxtablecurrentrow{#1}%
+  \fi
+  \ifx#2\relax
+    \def\sphinxtablecurrentcol{\the\sphinxtablecol}%
+  \else
+    \def\sphinxtablecurrentcol{#2}%
+  \fi
+  \expandafter\ifx\csname sphinxtablecell@\sphinxtablecurrentrow @\sphinxtablecurrentcol\endcsname\relax
+    \PackageError{sphinxlatextables}{Cell (\sphinxtablecurrentrow,\sphinxtablecurrentcol) does not exist}{}%
+  \else
+    \csname sphinxtablecell@\sphinxtablecurrentrow @\sphinxtablecurrentcol\endcsname
+  \fi
+}

 \endinput
diff --git a/sphinx/theming.py b/sphinx/theming.py
index 43bb6bd9b..969ccd265 100644
--- a/sphinx/theming.py
+++ b/sphinx/theming.py
@@ -81,23 +81,32 @@ class Theme:
         """Return a list of theme directories, beginning with this theme's,
         then the base theme's, then that one's base theme's, etc.
         """
-        pass
+        return list(self._dirs)

     def get_config(self, section: str, name: str, default: Any=_NO_DEFAULT
         ) ->Any:
         """Return the value for a theme configuration setting, searching the
         base theme chain.
         """
-        pass
+        if section == 'theme' and name in self._options:
+            return self._options[name]
+        if default is _NO_DEFAULT:
+            raise ThemeError(f'setting not found: {section}.{name}')
+        return default

     def get_options(self, overrides: (dict[str, Any] | None)=None) ->dict[
         str, Any]:
         """Return a dictionary of theme options and their values."""
-        pass
+        options = self._options.copy()
+        if overrides:
+            options.update(overrides)
+        return options

     def _cleanup(self) ->None:
         """Remove temporary directories."""
-        pass
+        for tmp_dir in self._tmp_dirs:
+            shutil.rmtree(tmp_dir, ignore_errors=True)
+        self._tmp_dirs.clear()


 class HTMLThemeFactory:
@@ -114,37 +123,103 @@ class HTMLThemeFactory:

     def _load_builtin_themes(self) ->None:
         """Load built-in themes."""
-        pass
+        themes = self._find_themes(path.join(package_dir, 'themes'))
+        self._themes.update(themes)

     def _load_additional_themes(self, theme_paths: list[str]) ->None:
         """Load additional themes placed at specified directories."""
-        pass
+        for theme_path in theme_paths:
+            themes = self._find_themes(theme_path)
+            self._themes.update(themes)

     def _load_entry_point_themes(self) ->None:
         """Try to load a theme with the specified name.

         This uses the ``sphinx.html_themes`` entry point from package metadata.
         """
-        pass
+        for entry_point in entry_points(group='sphinx.html_themes'):
+            self._entry_point_themes[entry_point.name] = entry_point.load

     @staticmethod
     def _find_themes(theme_path: str) ->dict[str, str]:
         """Search themes from specified directory."""
-        pass
+        themes = {}
+        if not path.isdir(theme_path):
+            return themes
+
+        for entry in os.listdir(theme_path):
+            full_path = path.join(theme_path, entry)
+            if path.isdir(full_path):
+                if path.isfile(path.join(full_path, _THEME_CONF)) or path.isfile(path.join(full_path, _THEME_TOML)):
+                    themes[entry] = full_path
+            elif _is_archived_theme(full_path):
+                themes[entry[:-4]] = full_path  # remove '.zip' from name
+
+        return themes

     def create(self, name: str) ->Theme:
         """Create an instance of theme."""
-        pass
+        if name not in self._themes and name in self._entry_point_themes:
+            self._entry_point_themes[name]()
+
+        if name not in self._themes:
+            raise ThemeError(__('no theme named %r found') % name)
+
+        theme_path = self._themes[name]
+        configs = {}
+        tmp_dirs = []
+
+        if _is_archived_theme(theme_path):
+            tmp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+            _extract_zip(theme_path, tmp_dir)
+            theme_path = tmp_dir
+            tmp_dirs.append(tmp_dir)
+
+        while True:
+            config_file = path.join(theme_path, _THEME_TOML)
+            if path.exists(config_file):
+                config = self._load_theme_toml(config_file)
+            else:
+                config_file = path.join(theme_path, _THEME_CONF)
+                if not path.exists(config_file):
+                    break
+                config = self._load_theme_conf(config_file)
+
+            configs[theme_path] = config
+
+            parent = config.options.get('inherit')
+            if parent is None:
+                break
+
+            theme_path = self._themes.get(parent)
+            if not theme_path:
+                raise ThemeError(__('no theme named %r found, inherited by %r') % (parent, name))
+
+            if _is_archived_theme(theme_path):
+                tmp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+                _extract_zip(theme_path, tmp_dir)
+                theme_path = tmp_dir
+                tmp_dirs.append(tmp_dir)
+
+        return Theme(name, configs=configs, paths=list(configs.keys()), tmp_dirs=tmp_dirs)


 def _is_archived_theme(filename: str, /) ->bool:
     """Check whether the specified file is an archived theme file or not."""
-    pass
+    return filename.endswith('.zip') and path.isfile(filename)


 def _extract_zip(filename: str, target_dir: str, /) ->None:
     """Extract zip file to target directory."""
-    pass
+    with ZipFile(filename) as archive:
+        for name in archive.namelist():
+            if name.endswith('/'):
+                continue
+            # convert filename to system dependent path
+            target = path.join(target_dir, *name.split('/'))
+            ensuredir(path.dirname(target))
+            with open(target, 'wb') as fp:
+                fp.write(archive.read(name))


 class _ConfigFile:
diff --git a/sphinx/transforms/compact_bullet_list.py b/sphinx/transforms/compact_bullet_list.py
index 54ebc5311..744ffb98b 100644
--- a/sphinx/transforms/compact_bullet_list.py
+++ b/sphinx/transforms/compact_bullet_list.py
@@ -21,6 +21,20 @@ class RefOnlyListChecker(nodes.GenericNodeVisitor):
         """Invisible nodes should be ignored."""
         pass

+    def visit_paragraph(self, node: nodes.paragraph) -> None:
+        if len(node.children) != 1 or not isinstance(node.children[0], nodes.reference):
+            raise nodes.NodeFound
+
+    def visit_bullet_list(self, node: nodes.bullet_list) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def visit_list_item(self, node: nodes.list_item) -> None:
+        if len(node.children) != 1 or not isinstance(node.children[0], nodes.paragraph):
+            raise nodes.NodeFound
+
+    def default_visit(self, node: Node) -> None:
+        raise nodes.NodeFound
+

 class RefOnlyBulletListTransform(SphinxTransform):
     """Change refonly bullet lists to use compact_paragraphs.
@@ -29,3 +43,24 @@ class RefOnlyBulletListTransform(SphinxTransform):
     odd when html_compact_lists is false.
     """
     default_priority = 100
+
+    def apply(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        checker = RefOnlyListChecker(self.document)
+        for node in self.document.traverse(nodes.bullet_list):
+            if not node.get('compact_bullet_list'):
+                try:
+                    node.walk(checker)
+                except nodes.NodeFound:
+                    continue
+                for child in node.children:
+                    child[0].__class__ = addnodes.compact_paragraph
+                node['compact_bullet_list'] = True
+
+
+def setup(app: Sphinx) -> ExtensionMetadata:
+    app.add_transform(RefOnlyBulletListTransform)
+    return {
+        'version': '1.0',
+        'parallel_read_safe': True,
+        'parallel_write_safe': True,
+    }
diff --git a/sphinx/transforms/i18n.py b/sphinx/transforms/i18n.py
index 7d4cc25e7..d90d2357e 100644
--- a/sphinx/transforms/i18n.py
+++ b/sphinx/transforms/i18n.py
@@ -40,7 +40,22 @@ def publish_msgstr(app: Sphinx, source: str, source_path: str, source_line:
     :return: document
     :rtype: docutils.nodes.document
     """
-    pass
+    from docutils.core import publish_doctree
+    
+    # Create a new document with the given source
+    document = publish_doctree(source=source,
+                               source_path=source_path,
+                               reader=None,
+                               parser=app.registry.create_source_parser(app, 'restructuredtext'),
+                               settings_overrides=settings,
+                               config=config)
+    
+    # Set the source information
+    for node in document.traverse():
+        node.source = source_path
+        node.line = source_line
+    
+    return document


 class PreserveTranslatableMessages(SphinxTransform):
@@ -63,7 +78,14 @@ class _NodeUpdater:
     def compare_references(self, old_refs: Sequence[nodes.Element],
         new_refs: Sequence[nodes.Element], warning_msg: str) ->None:
         """Warn about mismatches between references in original and translated content."""
-        pass
+        if len(old_refs) != len(new_refs):
+            logger.warning(warning_msg, location=self.node)
+            return
+
+        for old, new in zip(old_refs, new_refs):
+            if old['reftype'] != new['reftype'] or old['reftarget'] != new['reftarget']:
+                logger.warning(warning_msg, location=self.node)
+                return


 class Locale(SphinxTransform):
diff --git a/sphinx/transforms/post_transforms/images.py b/sphinx/transforms/post_transforms/images.py
index 76d5727d2..480991b38 100644
--- a/sphinx/transforms/post_transforms/images.py
+++ b/sphinx/transforms/post_transforms/images.py
@@ -61,7 +61,14 @@ class ImageConverter(BaseImageConverter):

     def is_available(self) ->bool:
         """Return the image converter is available or not."""
-        pass
+        if self.available is None:
+            self.available = self._check_availability()
+        return self.available
+
+    def _check_availability(self) ->bool:
+        """Check if the converter is available."""
+        # This method should be implemented by subclasses
+        return False

     def convert(self, _from: str, _to: str) ->bool:
         """Convert an image file to the expected format.
@@ -69,4 +76,16 @@ class ImageConverter(BaseImageConverter):
         *_from* is a path of the source image file, and *_to* is a path
         of the destination file.
         """
-        pass
+        if not self.is_available():
+            return False
+
+        for source_ext, dest_ext in self.conversion_rules:
+            if _from.lower().endswith(source_ext) and _to.lower().endswith(dest_ext):
+                return self._do_convert(_from, _to)
+
+        return False
+
+    def _do_convert(self, source: str, destination: str) ->bool:
+        """Perform the actual conversion."""
+        # This method should be implemented by subclasses
+        return False
diff --git a/sphinx/util/_importer.py b/sphinx/util/_importer.py
index 6f88b541b..37b5c234e 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/_importer.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/_importer.py
@@ -6,4 +6,15 @@ from sphinx.errors import ExtensionError

 def import_object(object_name: str, /, source: str='') ->Any:
     """Import python object by qualname."""
-    pass
+    try:
+        module_name, object_name = object_name.rsplit('.', 1)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise ExtensionError(f"Invalid object name: {object_name}")
+
+    try:
+        module = import_module(module_name)
+        return getattr(module, object_name)
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ExtensionError(f"Could not import {module_name}")
+    except AttributeError:
+        raise ExtensionError(f"Could not find {object_name} in {module_name}")
diff --git a/sphinx/util/_io.py b/sphinx/util/_io.py
index 47a4e10e9..920f70f91 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/_io.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/_io.py
@@ -16,3 +16,13 @@ class TeeStripANSI:
         ) ->None:
         self.stream_term = stream_term
         self.stream_file = stream_file
+
+    def write(self, text: str) ->None:
+        self.stream_term.write(text)
+        self.stream_file.write(strip_escape_sequences(text))
+
+    def flush(self) ->None:
+        if hasattr(self.stream_term, 'flush'):
+            self.stream_term.flush()
+        if hasattr(self.stream_file, 'flush'):
+            self.stream_file.flush()
diff --git a/sphinx/util/_timestamps.py b/sphinx/util/_timestamps.py
index 9804211d8..720ec32f1 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/_timestamps.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/_timestamps.py
@@ -7,4 +7,7 @@ def _format_rfc3339_microseconds(timestamp: int, /) ->str:

     :param timestamp: The timestamp to format, in microseconds.
     """
-    pass
+    seconds, microseconds = divmod(timestamp, 1_000_000)
+    dt = time.gmtime(seconds)
+    return (f"{dt.tm_year:04d}-{dt.tm_mon:02d}-{dt.tm_mday:02d}T"
+            f"{dt.tm_hour:02d}:{dt.tm_min:02d}:{dt.tm_sec:02d}.{microseconds:06d}Z")
diff --git a/sphinx/util/console.py b/sphinx/util/console.py
index 1da057880..7510138ae 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/console.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/console.py
@@ -32,12 +32,15 @@ codes: dict[str, str] = {}

 def terminal_safe(s: str) ->str:
     """Safely encode a string for printing to the terminal."""
-    pass
+    return s.encode('ascii', 'replace').decode('ascii')


 def get_terminal_width() ->int:
     """Return the width of the terminal in columns."""
-    pass
+    try:
+        return shutil.get_terminal_size().columns
+    except AttributeError:
+        return 80  # fallback value


 _tw: int = get_terminal_width()
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ def strip_colors(s: str) ->str:

     .. seealso:: :func:`strip_escape_sequences`
     """
-    pass
+    return _ansi_color_re.sub('', s)


 def strip_escape_sequences(text: str, /) ->str:
@@ -76,7 +79,7 @@ def strip_escape_sequences(text: str, /) ->str:

     __ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code
     """
-    pass
+    return _ansi_re.sub('', text)


 _attrs = {'reset': '39;49;00m', 'bold': '01m', 'faint': '02m', 'standout':
diff --git a/sphinx/util/docfields.py b/sphinx/util/docfields.py
index 71ce35c34..92ba41fae 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/docfields.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/docfields.py
@@ -22,7 +22,12 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

 def _is_single_paragraph(node: nodes.field_body) ->bool:
     """True if the node only contains one paragraph (and system messages)."""
-    pass
+    return (
+        len(node.children) == 1 and
+        isinstance(node.children[0], nodes.paragraph) or
+        (len(node.children) == 0 and all(isinstance(child, nodes.system_message)
+                                         for child in node.children))
+    )


 class Field:
@@ -115,8 +120,54 @@ class DocFieldTransformer:

     def transform_all(self, node: addnodes.desc_content) ->None:
         """Transform all field list children of a node."""
-        pass
+        for field_list in node.traverse(nodes.field_list):
+            self.transform(field_list)

     def transform(self, node: nodes.field_list) ->None:
         """Transform a single field list *node*."""
-        pass
+        typemap = self.typemap
+
+        entries: list[nodes.field] = []
+        groupindices: dict[str, int] = {}
+
+        def handle_field(field: nodes.field, name: str, sig: str, signode: TextlikeNode | None) -> None:
+            fieldtype, is_grouped = typemap.get(name, (None, False))
+            if fieldtype is None:
+                # Unknown field type, keep it as-is
+                entries.append(field)
+                return
+
+            typename = fieldtype.name
+
+            if is_grouped:
+                if typename in groupindices:
+                    group = entries[groupindices[typename]]
+                else:
+                    group = self.create_grouped_field(fieldtype, sig)
+                    entries.append(group)
+                    groupindices[typename] = len(entries) - 1
+
+                if fieldtype.is_typed:
+                    arg, type_ = self.split_type_and_arg(sig)
+                    self.add_field_arg_to_group(group, fieldtype, arg, type_)
+                else:
+                    self.add_field_to_group(group, fieldtype, sig)
+            else:
+                field = self.create_field(fieldtype, sig)
+                entries.append(field)
+
+        for field in node:
+            assert isinstance(field, nodes.field)
+            field_name = field[0].astext()
+            field_body = field[1]
+
+            if field_name in typemap:
+                handle_field(field, field_name, field_body.astext(), field_body)
+            elif ':' in field_name:
+                name, _, sig = field_name.partition(':')
+                handle_field(field, name.strip(), sig.strip(), field_body)
+            else:
+                entries.append(field)
+
+        node.clear()
+        node.extend(entries)
diff --git a/sphinx/util/docstrings.py b/sphinx/util/docstrings.py
index 8e3c68d14..dbefab875 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/docstrings.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/docstrings.py
@@ -8,7 +8,23 @@ field_list_item_re = re.compile(Body.patterns['field_marker'])

 def separate_metadata(s: (str | None)) ->tuple[str | None, dict[str, str]]:
     """Separate docstring into metadata and others."""
-    pass
+    if s is None:
+        return None, {}
+    
+    metadata = {}
+    lines = s.split('\n')
+    content_lines = []
+    
+    for line in lines:
+        match = field_list_item_re.match(line)
+        if match:
+            field, _, value = line.partition(':')
+            metadata[field.strip()] = value.strip()
+        else:
+            content_lines.append(line)
+    
+    content = '\n'.join(content_lines).strip()
+    return content if content else None, metadata


 def prepare_docstring(s: str, tabsize: int=8) ->list[str]:
@@ -19,11 +35,43 @@ def prepare_docstring(s: str, tabsize: int=8) ->list[str]:
     ViewList (used as argument of nested_parse().)  An empty line is added to
     act as a separator between this docstring and following content.
     """
-    pass
+    if not s:
+        return []
+    
+    lines = s.expandtabs(tabsize).split('\n')
+    
+    # Find minimum indentation (first line doesn't count)
+    indent = sys.maxsize
+    for line in lines[1:]:
+        stripped = line.lstrip()
+        if stripped:
+            indent = min(indent, len(line) - len(stripped))
+    
+    # Remove indentation (first line is special)
+    trimmed = [lines[0].strip()]
+    if indent < sys.maxsize:
+        for line in lines[1:]:
+            trimmed.append(line[indent:].rstrip())
+    
+    # Strip off trailing and leading blank lines:
+    while trimmed and not trimmed[-1]:
+        trimmed.pop()
+    while trimmed and not trimmed[0]:
+        trimmed.pop(0)
+    
+    # Add an empty line to act as a separator
+    trimmed.append('')
+    
+    return trimmed


 def prepare_commentdoc(s: str) ->list[str]:
     """Extract documentation comment lines (starting with #:) and return them
     as a list of lines.  Returns an empty list if there is no documentation.
     """
-    pass
+    result = []
+    for line in s.split('\n'):
+        line = line.strip()
+        if line.startswith('#:'):
+            result.append(line[2:].strip())
+    return result
diff --git a/sphinx/util/docutils.py b/sphinx/util/docutils.py
index d4889e254..c6fb8cc38 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/docutils.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/docutils.py
@@ -36,12 +36,15 @@ additional_nodes: set[type[Element]] = set()
 @contextmanager
 def docutils_namespace() ->Iterator[None]:
     """Create namespace for reST parsers."""
-    pass
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        pass


 def is_directive_registered(name: str) ->bool:
     """Check the *name* directive is already registered."""
-    pass
+    return name in directives._directives


 def register_directive(name: str, directive: type[Directive]) ->None:
@@ -50,12 +53,12 @@ def register_directive(name: str, directive: type[Directive]) ->None:
     This modifies global state of docutils.  So it is better to use this
     inside ``docutils_namespace()`` to prevent side-effects.
     """
-    pass
+    directives.register_directive(name, directive)


 def is_role_registered(name: str) ->bool:
     """Check the *name* role is already registered."""
-    pass
+    return name in roles._roles


 def register_role(name: str, role: RoleFunction) ->None:
@@ -64,17 +67,18 @@ def register_role(name: str, role: RoleFunction) ->None:
     This modifies global state of docutils.  So it is better to use this
     inside ``docutils_namespace()`` to prevent side-effects.
     """
-    pass
+    roles.register_local_role(name, role)


 def unregister_role(name: str) ->None:
     """Unregister a role from docutils."""
-    pass
+    if name in roles._roles:
+        del roles._roles[name]


 def is_node_registered(node: type[Element]) ->bool:
     """Check the *node* is already registered."""
-    pass
+    return node in additional_nodes


 def register_node(node: type[Element]) ->None:
@@ -83,7 +87,7 @@ def register_node(node: type[Element]) ->None:
     This modifies global state of some visitors.  So it is better to use this
     inside ``docutils_namespace()`` to prevent side-effects.
     """
-    pass
+    additional_nodes.add(node)


 def unregister_node(node: type[Element]) ->None:
@@ -91,7 +95,8 @@ def unregister_node(node: type[Element]) ->None:

     This is inverse of ``nodes._add_nodes_class_names()``.
     """
-    pass
+    if node in additional_nodes:
+        additional_nodes.remove(node)


 @contextmanager
@@ -101,7 +106,16 @@ def patched_get_language() ->Iterator[None]:
     This ignores the second argument ``reporter`` to suppress warnings.
     refs: https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/3788
     """
-    pass
+    from docutils.languages import get_language as original_get_language
+
+    def patched_get_language(language_code, reporter=None):
+        return original_get_language(language_code)
+
+    try:
+        docutils.languages.get_language = patched_get_language
+        yield
+    finally:
+        docutils.languages.get_language = original_get_language


 @contextmanager
@@ -115,19 +129,41 @@ def patched_rst_get_language() ->Iterator[None]:

     refs: https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/10179
     """
-    pass
+    from docutils.parsers.rst.languages import get_language as original_get_language
+
+    def patched_get_language(language_code, reporter=None):
+        return original_get_language(language_code)
+
+    try:
+        docutils.parsers.rst.languages.get_language = patched_get_language
+        yield
+    finally:
+        docutils.parsers.rst.languages.get_language = original_get_language


 @contextmanager
 def using_user_docutils_conf(confdir: (str | None)) ->Iterator[None]:
     """Let docutils know the location of ``docutils.conf`` for Sphinx."""
-    pass
+    try:
+        if confdir:
+            docutilsconfig = os.environ.get('DOCUTILSCONFIG', None)
+            os.environ['DOCUTILSCONFIG'] = path.join(confdir, 'docutils.conf')
+        yield
+    finally:
+        if confdir:
+            if docutilsconfig is None:
+                os.environ.pop('DOCUTILSCONFIG', None)
+            else:
+                os.environ['DOCUTILSCONFIG'] = docutilsconfig


 @contextmanager
 def patch_docutils(confdir: (str | None)=None) ->Iterator[None]:
     """Patch to docutils temporarily."""
-    pass
+    with patched_get_language(), \
+         patched_rst_get_language(), \
+         using_user_docutils_conf(confdir):
+        yield


 class CustomReSTDispatcher:
diff --git a/sphinx/util/exceptions.py b/sphinx/util/exceptions.py
index 53e2b545f..f52afced5 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/exceptions.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/exceptions.py
@@ -11,9 +11,24 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:

 def save_traceback(app: (Sphinx | None), exc: BaseException) ->str:
     """Save the given exception's traceback in a temporary file."""
-    pass
+    with NamedTemporaryFile('w', delete=False, suffix='.log') as f:
+        traceback.print_exc(file=f)
+        if isinstance(exc, SphinxParallelError):
+            f.write('\n')
+            f.write(exc.orig_exc_str)
+
+    return f.name


 def format_exception_cut_frames(x: int=1) ->str:
     """Format an exception with traceback, but only the last x frames."""
-    pass
+    type_, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
+    if tb:
+        tb_list = traceback.extract_tb(tb)
+        if len(tb_list) > x:
+            tb_list = tb_list[-x:]
+        formatted = traceback.format_list(tb_list)
+        formatted.extend(traceback.format_exception_only(type_, value))
+    else:
+        formatted = traceback.format_exception_only(type_, value)
+    return ''.join(strip_escape_sequences(line) for line in formatted)
diff --git a/sphinx/util/fileutil.py b/sphinx/util/fileutil.py
index fa4bab77f..01b620f1b 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/fileutil.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/fileutil.py
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@ def _template_basename(filename: (str | os.PathLike[str])) ->(str | None):
     If the input looks like a template, then return the filename output should
     be written to.  Otherwise, return no result (None).
     """
-    pass
+    basename = os.path.basename(filename)
+    if basename.endswith('_t') or basename.endswith('.template'):
+        return basename[:-2] if basename.endswith('_t') else basename[:-9]
+    return None


 def copy_asset_file(source: (str | os.PathLike[str]), destination: (str |
@@ -36,7 +39,23 @@ def copy_asset_file(source: (str | os.PathLike[str]), destination: (str |
     :param renderer: The template engine.  If not given, SphinxRenderer is used by default
     :param bool force: Overwrite the destination file even if it exists.
     """
-    pass
+    if os.path.isdir(destination):
+        destination = os.path.join(destination, os.path.basename(source))
+
+    if os.path.exists(destination) and not force:
+        return
+
+    if context is not None and _template_basename(source):
+        if renderer is None:
+            from sphinx.util.template import SphinxRenderer
+            renderer = SphinxRenderer()
+        with open(source, 'r') as f:
+            template = f.read()
+        rendered = renderer.render_string(template, context)
+        with open(destination, 'w') as f:
+            f.write(rendered)
+    else:
+        copyfile(source, destination)


 def copy_asset(source: (str | os.PathLike[str]), destination: (str | os.
@@ -59,4 +78,32 @@ def copy_asset(source: (str | os.PathLike[str]), destination: (str | os.
     :param onerror: The error handler.
     :param bool force: Overwrite the destination file even if it exists.
     """
-    pass
+    if not os.path.exists(source):
+        logger.warning(__('Cannot find asset file: %s'), source)
+        return
+
+    if os.path.isfile(source):
+        copy_asset_file(source, destination, context, renderer, force=force)
+    else:
+        ensuredir(destination)
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(source):
+            for dir_name in dirs[:]:
+                if excluded(os.path.join(root, dir_name)):
+                    dirs.remove(dir_name)
+
+            for filename in files:
+                if excluded(os.path.join(root, filename)):
+                    continue
+
+                source_path = os.path.join(root, filename)
+                relative_path = os.path.relpath(source_path, source)
+                dest_path = os.path.join(destination, relative_path)
+
+                try:
+                    ensuredir(os.path.dirname(dest_path))
+                    copy_asset_file(source_path, dest_path, context, renderer, force=force)
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    if onerror:
+                        onerror(source_path, exc)
+                    else:
+                        raise
diff --git a/sphinx/util/http_date.py b/sphinx/util/http_date.py
index 0a1f2f186..2fb017e7d 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/http_date.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/http_date.py
@@ -14,9 +14,17 @@ _GMT_OFFSET = float(time.localtime().tm_gmtoff)

 def epoch_to_rfc1123(epoch: float) ->str:
     """Return HTTP-date string from epoch offset."""
-    pass
+    t = time.gmtime(epoch)
+    return f"{_WEEKDAY_NAME[t.tm_wday]}, {t.tm_mday:02d} {_MONTH_NAME[t.tm_mon]} {t.tm_year} {t.tm_hour:02d}:{t.tm_min:02d}:{t.tm_sec:02d} GMT"


 def rfc1123_to_epoch(rfc1123: str) ->float:
     """Return epoch offset from HTTP-date string."""
-    pass
+    try:
+        t = parsedate_tz(rfc1123)
+        if t is None:
+            raise ValueError("Invalid RFC 1123 date format")
+        return time.mktime(t[:9]) - _GMT_OFFSET
+    except Exception:
+        warnings.warn("Invalid date format (expected RFC 1123)", RemovedInSphinx90Warning, stacklevel=2)
+        return 0
diff --git a/sphinx/util/i18n.py b/sphinx/util/i18n.py
index c493eb2cf..b0ca00411 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/i18n.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/i18n.py
@@ -65,10 +65,44 @@ class CatalogRepository:
         self.language = language
         self.encoding = encoding

+    def get_catalog_files(self) -> Iterator[CatalogInfo]:
+        for locale_dir in self._locale_dirs:
+            catalog_dir = path.join(self.basedir, locale_dir, self.language, 'LC_MESSAGES')
+            if not path.exists(catalog_dir):
+                continue
+
+            for domain in os.listdir(catalog_dir):
+                if domain.endswith('.po'):
+                    domain = domain[:-3]
+                    yield CatalogInfo(catalog_dir, domain, self.encoding)
+
+    def write_mo(self, catalog: CatalogInfo) -> None:
+        po_file = path.join(catalog.base_dir, catalog.domain + '.po')
+        mo_file = path.join(catalog.base_dir, catalog.domain + '.mo')
+        with open(po_file, 'rb') as infile:
+            try:
+                po = read_po(infile, catalog.charset)
+            except Exception as exc:
+                logger.warning(__('reading error: %s, %s'), po_file, exc)
+                return
+
+        with open(mo_file, 'wb') as outfile:
+            try:
+                write_mo(outfile, po)
+            except Exception as exc:
+                logger.warning(__('writing error: %s, %s'), mo_file, exc)
+
+    def compile_catalogs(self) -> None:
+        for catalog in self.get_catalog_files():
+            self.write_mo(catalog)
+

 def docname_to_domain(docname: str, compaction: (bool | str)) ->str:
     """Convert docname to domain for catalogs."""
-    pass
+    if compaction:
+        return docname.split(SEP, 1)[0]
+    else:
+        return docname.replace(SEP, '_')


 date_format_mappings = {'%a': 'EEE', '%A': 'EEEE', '%b': 'MMM', '%B':
diff --git a/sphinx/util/index_entries.py b/sphinx/util/index_entries.py
index 56ebb9a85..124a006cd 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/index_entries.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/index_entries.py
@@ -3,4 +3,10 @@ from __future__ import annotations

 def _split_into(n: int, type: str, value: str) ->list[str]:
     """Split an index entry into a given number of parts at semicolons."""
-    pass
+    parts = value.split(';', n - 1)
+    if len(parts) < n:
+        parts.extend([''] * (n - len(parts)))
+    elif len(parts) > n:
+        parts[n-1] = ';'.join(parts[n-1:])
+        parts = parts[:n]
+    return parts
diff --git a/sphinx/util/inspect.py b/sphinx/util/inspect.py
index 5e7c1ae78..e279ff3b1 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/inspect.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/inspect.py
@@ -62,7 +62,9 @@ def unwrap(obj: Any) ->Any:

     Mocked objects are returned as is.
     """
-    pass
+    if hasattr(obj, '__wrapped__'):
+        return unwrap(obj.__wrapped__)
+    return obj


 def unwrap_all(obj: Any, *, stop: (Callable[[Any], bool] | None)=None) ->Any:
@@ -74,7 +76,17 @@ def unwrap_all(obj: Any, *, stop: (Callable[[Any], bool] | None)=None) ->Any:
     When specified, *stop* is a predicate indicating whether an object should
     be unwrapped or not.
     """
-    pass
+    while True:
+        if stop and stop(obj):
+            return obj
+        if hasattr(obj, '__wrapped__'):
+            obj = obj.__wrapped__
+        elif isinstance(obj, (partial, partialmethod)):
+            obj = obj.func
+        elif isinstance(obj, (classmethod, staticmethod)):
+            obj = obj.__func__
+        else:
+            return obj


 def getall(obj: Any) ->(Sequence[str] | None):
@@ -84,22 +96,29 @@ def getall(obj: Any) ->(Sequence[str] | None):
     raises :exc:`ValueError` if ``obj.__all__`` is not a list or tuple of
     strings.
     """
-    pass
+    if not hasattr(obj, '__all__'):
+        return None
+    all_attr = getattr(obj, '__all__')
+    if not isinstance(all_attr, (list, tuple)):
+        raise ValueError('__all__ must be a list or tuple of strings')
+    if not all(isinstance(item, str) for item in all_attr):
+        raise ValueError('__all__ must contain only strings')
+    return all_attr


 def getannotations(obj: Any) ->Mapping[str, Any]:
     """Safely get the ``__annotations__`` attribute of an object."""
-    pass
+    return getattr(obj, '__annotations__', {})


 def getglobals(obj: Any) ->Mapping[str, Any]:
     """Safely get :attr:`obj.__globals__ <function.__globals__>`."""
-    pass
+    return getattr(obj, '__globals__', {})


 def getmro(obj: Any) ->tuple[type, ...]:
     """Safely get :attr:`obj.__mro__ <class.__mro__>`."""
-    pass
+    return getattr(obj, '__mro__', ())


 def getorigbases(obj: Any) ->(tuple[Any, ...] | None):
@@ -108,7 +127,12 @@ def getorigbases(obj: Any) ->(tuple[Any, ...] | None):
     This returns ``None`` if the object is not a class or if ``__orig_bases__``
     is not well-defined (e.g., a non-tuple object or an empty sequence).
     """
-    pass
+    if not isinstance(obj, type):
+        return None
+    orig_bases = getattr(obj, '__orig_bases__', None)
+    if not isinstance(orig_bases, tuple) or len(orig_bases) == 0:
+        return None
+    return orig_bases


 def getslots(obj: Any) ->(dict[str, Any] | dict[str, None] | None):
@@ -118,7 +142,19 @@ def getslots(obj: Any) ->(dict[str, Any] | dict[str, None] | None):
     - This raises a :exc:`TypeError` if *obj* is not a class.
     - This raises a :exc:`ValueError` if ``obj.__slots__`` is invalid.
     """
-    pass
+    if not isinstance(obj, type):
+        raise TypeError("Expected a class object")
+    
+    slots = getattr(obj, '__slots__', None)
+    if slots is None:
+        return None
+    
+    if isinstance(slots, str):
+        return {slots: None}
+    elif isinstance(slots, (list, tuple)):
+        return {slot: None for slot in slots}
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid __slots__ attribute")


 def isenumclass(x: Any) ->TypeIs[type[enum.Enum]]:
diff --git a/sphinx/util/inventory.py b/sphinx/util/inventory.py
index 5648e43b1..d2ac4aa2b 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/inventory.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/inventory.py
@@ -25,7 +25,103 @@ class InventoryFileReader:
         self.stream = stream
         self.buffer = b''
         self.eof = False
+        self.decompressor = None
+
+    def read_buffer(self) ->None:
+        chunk = self.stream.read(BUFSIZE)
+        if not chunk:
+            self.eof = True
+            return
+        if self.decompressor:
+            try:
+                self.buffer += self.decompressor.decompress(chunk)
+            except zlib.error:
+                # If decompression fails, treat the chunk as uncompressed
+                self.buffer += chunk
+                self.decompressor = None
+        else:
+            self.buffer += chunk
+
+    def readline(self) ->str:
+        while b'\n' not in self.buffer:
+            if self.eof:
+                break
+            self.read_buffer()
+        if b'\n' in self.buffer:
+            line, self.buffer = self.buffer.split(b'\n', 1)
+        else:
+            line = self.buffer
+            self.buffer = b''
+        return line.decode('utf-8')
+
+    def read_compressed_chunks(self) ->Iterator[bytes]:
+        self.decompressor = zlib.decompressobj()
+        while not self.eof:
+            self.read_buffer()
+            yield self.buffer
+            self.buffer = b''
+        if self.decompressor.unused_data:
+            yield self.decompressor.unused_data


 class InventoryFile:
-    pass
+    def __init__(self) ->None:
+        self.projects: dict[str, Inventory] = {}
+
+    def load(self, stream: IO[bytes], uri: str, joinfunc: Callable[[str, str], str]) ->None:
+        reader = InventoryFileReader(stream)
+        line = reader.readline().rstrip()
+        if line == '# Sphinx inventory version 1':
+            self.load_v1(reader, uri, joinfunc)
+        elif line == '# Sphinx inventory version 2':
+            self.load_v2(reader, uri, joinfunc)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError('invalid inventory header: %s' % line)
+
+    def load_v1(self, reader: InventoryFileReader, uri: str, joinfunc: Callable[[str, str], str]) ->None:
+        projname = reader.readline().rstrip()[11:]
+        for line in reader.read_compressed_chunks():
+            name, type, location = line.decode().rstrip().split(None, 2)
+            self.projects.setdefault(projname, {})[name] = (type, location)
+
+    def load_v2(self, reader: InventoryFileReader, uri: str, joinfunc: Callable[[str, str], str]) ->None:
+        projname = reader.readline().rstrip()[11:]
+        version = reader.readline().rstrip()[11:]
+        reader.readline()  # skip the "zlib" line
+        for line in reader.read_compressed_chunks():
+            name, type, prio, location, dispname = line.decode().rstrip().split(None, 4)
+            if location.endswith('$'):
+                location = location[:-1] + name
+            location = joinfunc(uri, location)
+            self.projects.setdefault(projname, {})[name] = (type, prio, location, dispname)
+
+    def dump(self, f: IO[str]) ->None:
+        f.write('# Sphinx inventory version 2\n')
+        for (projname, items) in self.projects.items():
+            f.write('# Project: %s\n' % projname)
+            f.write('# Version: \n')
+            f.write('# The remainder of this file is compressed using zlib.\n')
+            compressor = zlib.compressobj(9)
+            for name, info in sorted(items.items()):
+                type, prio, location, dispname = info
+                if dispname == name:
+                    dispname = '-'
+                f.write(compressor.compress(
+                    f'{name} {type} {prio} {location} {dispname}\n'.encode()))
+            f.write(compressor.flush())
+
+    def __contains__(self, name: str) ->bool:
+        for project in self.projects.values():
+            if name in project:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def __getitem__(self, name: str) ->InventoryItem:
+        for project in self.projects.values():
+            if name in project:
+                return project[name]
+        raise KeyError(name)
+
+    def __iter__(self) ->Iterator[tuple[str, InventoryItem]]:
+        for project in self.projects.values():
+            yield from project.items()
diff --git a/sphinx/util/logging.py b/sphinx/util/logging.py
index 00c940a4c..c69e94e92 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/logging.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/logging.py
@@ -41,12 +41,16 @@ def getLogger(name: str) ->SphinxLoggerAdapter:
         >>> logger.info('Hello, this is an extension!')
         Hello, this is an extension!
     """
-    pass
+    logger = logging.getLogger(NAMESPACE + '.' + name)
+    return SphinxLoggerAdapter(logger, {})


 def convert_serializable(records: list[logging.LogRecord]) ->None:
     """Convert LogRecord serializable."""
-    pass
+    for record in records:
+        record.args = tuple(arg for arg in record.args if isinstance(arg, (str, int, float, bool, type(None))))
+        record.exc_info = None
+        record.exc_text = None


 class SphinxLogRecord(logging.LogRecord):
@@ -94,7 +98,15 @@ class SphinxLoggerAdapter(logging.LoggerAdapter):
         :param once: Do not log this warning,
             if a previous warning already has same ``msg``, ``args`` and ``once=True``.
         """
-        pass
+        kwargs.update({
+            'type': type,
+            'subtype': subtype,
+            'location': location,
+            'nonl': nonl,
+            'color': color,
+            'once': once
+        })
+        self.logger.warning(msg, *args, **kwargs)


 class WarningStreamHandler(logging.StreamHandler):
@@ -120,7 +132,15 @@ def pending_warnings() ->Iterator[logging.Handler]:

     Similar to :func:`pending_logging`.
     """
-    pass
+    logger = logging.getLogger(NAMESPACE)
+    memhandler = MemoryHandler()
+    memhandler.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
+    logger.addHandler(memhandler)
+    try:
+        yield memhandler
+    finally:
+        logger.removeHandler(memhandler)
+        memhandler.flushTo(logger)


 @contextmanager
@@ -134,7 +154,14 @@ def suppress_logging() ->Iterator[MemoryHandler]:
         >>>     some_long_process()
         >>>
     """
-    pass
+    logger = logging.getLogger(NAMESPACE)
+    memhandler = MemoryHandler()
+    memhandler.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    logger.addHandler(memhandler)
+    try:
+        yield memhandler
+    finally:
+        logger.removeHandler(memhandler)


 @contextmanager
@@ -149,7 +176,15 @@ def pending_logging() ->Iterator[MemoryHandler]:
         >>>
         Warning message!  # the warning is flushed here
     """
-    pass
+    logger = logging.getLogger(NAMESPACE)
+    memhandler = MemoryHandler()
+    memhandler.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    logger.addHandler(memhandler)
+    try:
+        yield memhandler
+    finally:
+        logger.removeHandler(memhandler)
+        memhandler.flushTo(logger)


 skip_warningiserror = nullcontext
@@ -166,7 +201,13 @@ def prefixed_warnings(prefix: str) ->Iterator[None]:

     .. versionadded:: 2.0
     """
-    pass
+    logger = logging.getLogger(NAMESPACE)
+    prefix_filter = MessagePrefixFilter(prefix)
+    logger.addFilter(prefix_filter)
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        logger.removeFilter(prefix_filter)


 class LogCollector:
@@ -186,7 +227,18 @@ class _RaiseOnWarningFilter(logging.Filter):
 def is_suppressed_warning(warning_type: str, sub_type: str,
     suppress_warnings: (Set[str] | Sequence[str])) ->bool:
     """Check whether the warning is suppressed or not."""
-    pass
+    if warning_type is None:
+        return False
+
+    for warning in suppress_warnings:
+        if warning == warning_type:
+            return True
+        if warning.endswith('*') and warning_type.startswith(warning[:-1]):
+            return True
+        if sub_type and warning == f"{warning_type}.{sub_type}":
+            return True
+
+    return False


 class WarningSuppressor(logging.Filter):
diff --git a/sphinx/util/matching.py b/sphinx/util/matching.py
index de4967a6a..e2d5f53aa 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/matching.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/matching.py
@@ -14,7 +14,40 @@ def _translate_pattern(pat: str) ->str:
     Adapted from the fnmatch module, but enhanced so that single stars don't
     match slashes.
     """
-    pass
+    i, n = 0, len(pat)
+    res = []
+    while i < n:
+        c = pat[i]
+        i = i + 1
+        if c == '*':
+            if i < n and pat[i] == '*':
+                res.append('.*')
+                i = i + 1
+            else:
+                res.append('[^/]*')
+        elif c == '?':
+            res.append('[^/]')
+        elif c == '[':
+            j = i
+            if j < n and pat[j] == '!':
+                j = j + 1
+            if j < n and pat[j] == ']':
+                j = j + 1
+            while j < n and pat[j] != ']':
+                j = j + 1
+            if j >= n:
+                res.append('\\[')
+            else:
+                stuff = pat[i:j].replace('\\', '\\\\')
+                i = j + 1
+                if stuff[0] == '!':
+                    stuff = '^' + stuff[1:]
+                elif stuff[0] == '^':
+                    stuff = '\\' + stuff
+                res.append('[%s]' % stuff)
+        else:
+            res.append(re.escape(c))
+    return ''.join(res) + r'\Z(?ms)'


 class Matcher:
@@ -41,7 +74,9 @@ def patmatch(name: str, pat: str) ->(re.Match[str] | None):
     """Return if name matches the regular expression (pattern)
     ``pat```. Adapted from fnmatch module.
     """
-    pass
+    if pat not in _pat_cache:
+        _pat_cache[pat] = re.compile(_translate_pattern(pat))
+    return _pat_cache[pat].match(name)


 def patfilter(names: Iterable[str], pat: str) ->list[str]:
@@ -50,7 +85,7 @@ def patfilter(names: Iterable[str], pat: str) ->list[str]:

     Adapted from fnmatch module.
     """
-    pass
+    return [name for name in names if patmatch(name, pat)]


 def get_matching_files(dirname: (str | os.PathLike[str]), include_patterns:
@@ -64,4 +99,14 @@ def get_matching_files(dirname: (str | os.PathLike[str]), include_patterns:
     exclusions from *exclude_patterns* take priority over inclusions.

     """
-    pass
+    dirname = os.path.abspath(dirname)
+    include_matcher = Matcher(include_patterns)
+    exclude_matcher = Matcher(exclude_patterns)
+
+    for root, _, files in os.walk(dirname):
+        for filename in files:
+            path = os.path.join(root, filename)
+            rel_path = os.path.relpath(path, dirname)
+            rel_path = path_stabilize(rel_path)
+            if include_matcher(rel_path) and not exclude_matcher(rel_path):
+                yield canon_path(rel_path)
diff --git a/sphinx/util/nodes.py b/sphinx/util/nodes.py
index c491cf3fb..d9fa4da0e 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/nodes.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/nodes.py
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ class NodeMatcher(Generic[N]):
         While the `NodeMatcher` object can be used as an argument to `Node.findall`, doing so
         confounds type checkers' ability to determine the return type of the iterator.
         """
-        pass
+        for child in node.findall(self):
+            yield cast(N, child)


 def get_full_module_name(node: Node) ->str:
@@ -69,7 +70,9 @@ def get_full_module_name(node: Node) ->str:
     :param nodes.Node node: target node
     :return: full module dotted path
     """
-    pass
+    module = node.__class__.__module__
+    class_name = node.__class__.__name__
+    return f"{module}.{class_name}"


 def repr_domxml(node: Node, length: int=80) ->str:
@@ -83,7 +86,14 @@ def repr_domxml(node: Node, length: int=80) ->str:
        returns full of DOM XML representation.
     :return: DOM XML representation
     """
-    pass
+    from xml.dom import minidom
+    document = minidom.parseString(node.asdom().toxml())
+    dom_string = document.documentElement.toxml()
+    
+    if length:
+        return dom_string[:length] + '...' if len(dom_string) > length else dom_string
+    else:
+        return dom_string


 IGNORED_NODES = (nodes.Invisible, nodes.literal_block, nodes.doctest_block,
@@ -95,13 +105,23 @@ IMAGE_TYPE_NODES = nodes.image,

 def extract_messages(doctree: Element) ->Iterable[tuple[Element, str]]:
     """Extract translatable messages from a document tree."""
-    pass
+    for node in doctree.traverse(nodes.TextElement):
+        if not isinstance(node, IGNORED_NODES) and node.get('translatable', True):
+            if isinstance(node, LITERAL_TYPE_NODES):
+                msg = node.rawsource
+            else:
+                msg = node.astext()
+            
+            if msg:
+                yield (node, msg)


 def traverse_translatable_index(doctree: Element) ->Iterable[tuple[Element,
     list[tuple[str, str, str, str, str | None]]]]:
     """Traverse translatable index node from a document tree."""
-    pass
+    for node in doctree.traverse(addnodes.index):
+        if 'entries' in node:
+            yield (node, node['entries'])


 def nested_parse_with_titles(state: RSTState, content: StringList, node:
@@ -115,7 +135,9 @@ def nested_parse_with_titles(state: RSTState, content: StringList, node:
     This function is retained for compatibility and will be deprecated in
     Sphinx 8. Prefer ``nested_parse_to_nodes()``.
     """
-    pass
+    with _fresh_title_style_context():
+        state.nested_parse(content, content_offset, node, match_titles=True)
+    return node.astext()


 def clean_astext(node: Element) ->str:
diff --git a/sphinx/util/osutil.py b/sphinx/util/osutil.py
index 83ada565b..ec61ddd1c 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/osutil.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/osutil.py
@@ -20,22 +20,31 @@ SEP = '/'

 def canon_path(native_path: (str | os.PathLike[str]), /) ->str:
     """Return path in OS-independent form"""
-    pass
+    return str(Path(native_path).as_posix())


 def path_stabilize(filepath: (str | os.PathLike[str]), /) ->str:
     """Normalize path separator and unicode string"""
-    pass
+    return unicodedata.normalize('NFC', str(Path(filepath).as_posix()))


 def relative_uri(base: str, to: str) ->str:
     """Return a relative URL from ``base`` to ``to``."""
-    pass
+    b = canon_path(base)
+    t = canon_path(to)
+    if b == t:
+        return ''
+    b_dir = path.dirname(b)
+    common_prefix = path.commonprefix([b_dir, t])
+    if common_prefix == b_dir:
+        return t[len(common_prefix):].lstrip(SEP)
+    else:
+        return '../' * (b_dir.count(SEP) - common_prefix.count(SEP)) + t[len(common_prefix):].lstrip(SEP)


 def ensuredir(file: (str | os.PathLike[str])) ->None:
     """Ensure that a path exists."""
-    pass
+    Path(file).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)


 def _last_modified_time(source: (str | os.PathLike[str]), /) ->int:
@@ -48,13 +57,15 @@ def _last_modified_time(source: (str | os.PathLike[str]), /) ->int:
     We prefer to err on the side of re-rendering a file,
     so we round up to the nearest microsecond.
     """
-    pass
+    mtime = os.stat(source).st_mtime
+    return int(mtime * 1_000_000 + 1)


 def _copy_times(source: (str | os.PathLike[str]), dest: (str | os.PathLike[
     str])) ->None:
     """Copy a file's modification times."""
-    pass
+    st = os.stat(source)
+    os.utime(dest, (st.st_atime, st.st_mtime))


 def copyfile(source: (str | os.PathLike[str]), dest: (str | os.PathLike[str
@@ -68,7 +79,16 @@ def copyfile(source: (str | os.PathLike[str]), dest: (str | os.PathLike[str

     .. note:: :func:`copyfile` is a no-op if *source* and *dest* are identical.
     """
-    pass
+    if not os.path.exists(source):
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Source file '{source}' does not exist")
+    
+    if os.path.samefile(source, dest):
+        return
+
+    if os.path.exists(dest) and not force:
+        return
+
+    shutil.copy2(source, dest)


 _no_fn_re = re.compile('[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]')
@@ -82,7 +102,11 @@ def relpath(path: (str | os.PathLike[str]), start: (str | os.PathLike[str] |
     This is an alternative of ``os.path.relpath()``.  This returns original path
     if *path* and *start* are on different drives (for Windows platform).
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        return os.path.relpath(path, start)
+    except ValueError:
+        # If path and start are on different drives (Windows)
+        return str(path)


 safe_relpath = relpath
diff --git a/sphinx/util/parallel.py b/sphinx/util/parallel.py
index d4b1bfccb..a6ea00da0 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/parallel.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/parallel.py
@@ -22,7 +22,18 @@ class SerialTasks:
     """Has the same interface as ParallelTasks, but executes tasks directly."""

     def __init__(self, nproc: int=1) ->None:
-        pass
+        self.nproc = nproc
+        self.tasks = []
+
+    def add_task(self, task_func: Callable, arg: Any=None, result_func: Callable | None=None) -> None:
+        self.tasks.append((task_func, arg, result_func))
+
+    def join(self) -> None:
+        for task_func, arg, result_func in self.tasks:
+            result = task_func(arg)
+            if result_func:
+                result_func(result)
+        self.tasks.clear()


 class ParallelTasks:
@@ -37,3 +48,64 @@ class ParallelTasks:
         self._precvsWaiting: dict[int, Any] = {}
         self._pworking = 0
         self._taskid = 0
+
+    def add_task(self, task_func: Callable, arg: Any=None, result_func: Callable | None=None) -> None:
+        self._taskid += 1
+        self._result_funcs[self._taskid] = result_func
+        self._args[self._taskid] = [arg]
+
+        if self._pworking < self.nproc:
+            self._start_task(self._taskid, task_func)
+        else:
+            self._precvsWaiting[self._taskid] = task_func
+
+    def _start_task(self, taskid: int, task_func: Callable) -> None:
+        precv, psend = multiprocessing.Pipe(False)
+        proc = multiprocessing.Process(target=self._process_task,
+                                       args=(taskid, task_func, psend, self._args[taskid]))
+        proc.start()
+        self._procs[taskid] = proc
+        self._precvs[taskid] = precv
+        self._pworking += 1
+
+    def _process_task(self, taskid: int, task_func: Callable, psend: Any, args: list[Any]) -> None:
+        try:
+            if args:
+                ret = task_func(*args)
+            else:
+                ret = task_func()
+            psend.send((taskid, ret, None))
+        except Exception as e:
+            psend.send((taskid, None, e))
+
+    def join(self) -> None:
+        while self._pworking:
+            for taskid, precv in list(self._precvs.items()):
+                if precv.poll():
+                    res = precv.recv()
+                    self._finish_task(res)
+                    break
+            else:
+                time.sleep(0.02)
+
+    def _finish_task(self, res: tuple[int, Any, Exception | None]) -> None:
+        taskid, result, exc = res
+        if taskid in self._procs:
+            self._procs[taskid].join()
+            del self._procs[taskid]
+        del self._precvs[taskid]
+        self._pworking -= 1
+
+        if exc:
+            raise SphinxParallelError(exc)
+
+        result_func = self._result_funcs.get(taskid)
+        if result_func:
+            result_func(result)
+
+        if self._precvsWaiting:
+            newtaskid, task_func = self._precvsWaiting.popitem()
+            self._start_task(newtaskid, task_func)
+
+        del self._result_funcs[taskid]
+        del self._args[taskid]
diff --git a/sphinx/util/parsing.py b/sphinx/util/parsing.py
index cc99e270e..7d0c7e5ef 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/parsing.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/parsing.py
@@ -40,4 +40,27 @@ def nested_parse_to_nodes(state: RSTState, text: (str | StringList), *,

     .. versionadded:: 7.4
     """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(text, str):
+        text = StringList(string2lines(text), source=source)
+    elif isinstance(text, StringList):
+        text = text.copy()
+        text.source = source
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("text must be a string or StringList")
+
+    memo = state.memo
+    memo.title_styles = []
+    memo.section_level = 0
+    memo.section_bubble_up_kludge = False
+    memo.allow_section_headings = allow_section_headings
+    memo.keep_title_context = keep_title_context
+
+    node = Element()
+    node.document = state.document
+    node.source = source
+    node.line = offset + 1
+
+    with contextlib.suppress(state.nested_parse_with_titles):
+        state.nested_parse(text, offset, node, match_titles=True)
+
+    return node.children
diff --git a/sphinx/util/png.py b/sphinx/util/png.py
index fb20e2105..699ebdec2 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/png.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/png.py
@@ -11,7 +11,25 @@ IEND_CHUNK = b'\x00\x00\x00\x00IEND\xaeB`\x82'

 def read_png_depth(filename: str) ->(int | None):
     """Read the special tEXt chunk indicating the depth from a PNG file."""
-    pass
+    with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+        data = f.read()
+    
+    if len(data) < LEN_DEPTH:
+        return None
+    
+    pos = data.rfind(IEND_CHUNK)
+    if pos == -1:
+        return None
+    
+    chunk_start = data.rfind(DEPTH_CHUNK_START, 0, pos)
+    if chunk_start == -1:
+        return None
+    
+    depth_str = data[chunk_start + len(DEPTH_CHUNK_START):pos].split(b'\0', 1)[0]
+    try:
+        return int(depth_str)
+    except ValueError:
+        return None


 def write_png_depth(filename: str, depth: int) ->None:
@@ -19,4 +37,22 @@ def write_png_depth(filename: str, depth: int) ->None:

     The chunk is placed immediately before the special IEND chunk.
     """
-    pass
+    with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
+        data = f.read()
+    
+    pos = data.rfind(IEND_CHUNK)
+    if pos == -1:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid PNG file: IEND chunk not found")
+    
+    depth_chunk = (
+        DEPTH_CHUNK_LEN +
+        DEPTH_CHUNK_START +
+        str(depth).encode('ascii') +
+        b'\0' +
+        struct.pack('!I', binascii.crc32(DEPTH_CHUNK_START + str(depth).encode('ascii') + b'\0'))
+    )
+    
+    new_data = data[:pos] + depth_chunk + data[pos:]
+    
+    with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
+        f.write(new_data)
diff --git a/sphinx/util/requests.py b/sphinx/util/requests.py
index c1ee76baa..58a818df9 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/requests.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/requests.py
@@ -14,7 +14,15 @@ _USER_AGENT = (
 def _get_tls_cacert(url: str, certs: (str | dict[str, str] | None)) ->(str |
     bool):
     """Get additional CA cert for a specific URL."""
-    pass
+    if certs is None:
+        return True
+    elif isinstance(certs, str):
+        return certs
+    else:
+        hostname = urlsplit(url).hostname
+        if hostname:
+            return certs.get(hostname, True)
+        return True


 def get(url: str, **kwargs: Any) ->requests.Response:
@@ -22,7 +30,11 @@ def get(url: str, **kwargs: Any) ->requests.Response:

     This sets up User-Agent header and TLS verification automatically.
     """
-    pass
+    kwargs.setdefault('headers', {}).setdefault('User-Agent', _USER_AGENT)
+    kwargs.setdefault('verify', _get_tls_cacert(url, kwargs.pop('certs', None)))
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', category=InsecureRequestWarning)
+        return requests.get(url, **kwargs)


 def head(url: str, **kwargs: Any) ->requests.Response:
@@ -30,7 +42,11 @@ def head(url: str, **kwargs: Any) ->requests.Response:

     This sets up User-Agent header and TLS verification automatically.
     """
-    pass
+    kwargs.setdefault('headers', {}).setdefault('User-Agent', _USER_AGENT)
+    kwargs.setdefault('verify', _get_tls_cacert(url, kwargs.pop('certs', None)))
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', category=InsecureRequestWarning)
+        return requests.head(url, **kwargs)


 class _Session(requests.Session):
@@ -42,4 +58,13 @@ class _Session(requests.Session):

         This sets up User-Agent header and TLS verification automatically.
         """
-        pass
+        kwargs.setdefault('headers', {}).setdefault('User-Agent', _user_agent or _USER_AGENT)
+        if _tls_info:
+            kwargs['verify'] = _tls_info[0]
+            if len(_tls_info) > 1:
+                kwargs['cert'] = _tls_info[1]
+        else:
+            kwargs.setdefault('verify', _get_tls_cacert(url, kwargs.pop('certs', None)))
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', category=InsecureRequestWarning)
+            return super().request(method, url, **kwargs)
diff --git a/sphinx/util/rst.py b/sphinx/util/rst.py
index 21fe03367..c6e4e22f2 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/rst.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/rst.py
@@ -25,20 +25,43 @@ WIDECHARS['ja'] = 'WFA'

 def textwidth(text: str, widechars: str='WF') ->int:
     """Get width of text."""
-    pass
+    width = 0
+    for char in text:
+        if east_asian_width(char) in WIDECHARS[widechars]:
+            width += 2
+        else:
+            width += 1
+    return width


 @pass_environment
 def heading(env: Environment, text: str, level: int=1) ->str:
     """Create a heading for *level*."""
-    pass
+    if level <= 0:
+        raise ValueError("Heading level must be positive")
+    if level > len(SECTIONING_CHARS):
+        char = SECTIONING_CHARS[-1]
+    else:
+        char = SECTIONING_CHARS[level - 1]
+    width = textwidth(text)
+    return f"{text}\n{char * width}"


 def prepend_prolog(content: StringList, prolog: str) ->None:
     """Prepend a string to content body as prolog."""
-    pass
+    if not prolog:
+        return
+    # Insert a blank line between the prolog and the existing content
+    content.insert(0, '')
+    # Insert the prolog at the beginning of the content
+    content.insert(0, prolog)


 def append_epilog(content: StringList, epilog: str) ->None:
     """Append a string to content body as epilog."""
-    pass
+    if not epilog:
+        return
+    # Insert a blank line between the existing content and the epilog
+    content.append('')
+    # Append the epilog to the end of the content
+    content.append(epilog)
diff --git a/sphinx/util/tags.py b/sphinx/util/tags.py
index 808df44b6..77515cd95 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/tags.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/tags.py
@@ -40,4 +40,28 @@ class Tags:
         are permitted, and operate on tag names, where truthy values mean
         the tag is present and vice versa.
         """
-        pass
+        if condition in self._condition_cache:
+            return self._condition_cache[condition]
+
+        try:
+            parser = BooleanParser(_ENV.parse(condition))
+            ast = parser.parse_expression()
+            result = self._eval_node(ast)
+            self._condition_cache[condition] = result
+            return result
+        except jinja2.exceptions.TemplateSyntaxError as exc:
+            raise ValueError(f'Invalid boolean expression: {condition}') from exc
+
+    def _eval_node(self, node: jinja2.nodes.Node) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(node, jinja2.nodes.Name):
+            return node.name in self._tags
+        elif isinstance(node, jinja2.nodes.Not):
+            return not self._eval_node(node.node)
+        elif isinstance(node, jinja2.nodes.And):
+            return self._eval_node(node.left) and self._eval_node(node.right)
+        elif isinstance(node, jinja2.nodes.Or):
+            return self._eval_node(node.left) or self._eval_node(node.right)
+        elif isinstance(node, jinja2.nodes.Const):
+            return bool(node.value)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f'Invalid node type: {type(node)}')
diff --git a/sphinx/util/texescape.py b/sphinx/util/texescape.py
index 2ed1eb943..0e0da9b4c 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/texescape.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/texescape.py
@@ -34,14 +34,36 @@ _tex_hlescape_map_without_unicode: dict[int, str] = {}

 def escape(s: str, latex_engine: (str | None)=None) ->str:
     """Escape text for LaTeX output."""
-    pass
+    if latex_engine == 'platex':
+        # for Japanese environment
+        s = s.replace('\\', '\\textbackslash{}')
+        s = s.replace('{', '\\{')
+        s = s.replace('}', '\\}')
+        s = s.replace('$', '\\$')
+        s = s.replace('%', '\\%')
+        s = s.replace('&', '\\&')
+        s = s.replace('#', '\\#')
+        s = s.replace('_', '\\_')
+        s = s.replace('~', '\\textasciitilde{}')
+        s = s.replace('^', '\\textasciicircum{}')
+        return s
+    else:
+        return ''.join(_tex_escape_map.get(ord(c), c) for c in s)


 def hlescape(s: str, latex_engine: (str | None)=None) ->str:
     """Escape text for LaTeX highlighter."""
-    pass
+    if latex_engine == 'platex':
+        # for Japanese environment
+        s = s.replace('\\', '\\textbackslash{}')
+        s = s.replace('{', '\\{')
+        s = s.replace('}', '\\}')
+        s = s.replace('$', '\\$')
+        return s
+    else:
+        return ''.join(_tex_hlescape_map.get(ord(c), c) for c in s)


 def escape_abbr(text: str) ->str:
     """Adjust spacing after abbreviations. Works with @ letter or other."""
-    pass
+    return re.sub(r'\.(?=\w)', r'.\@', text)
diff --git a/sphinx/util/typing.py b/sphinx/util/typing.py
index e0151d793..d24685be4 100644
--- a/sphinx/util/typing.py
+++ b/sphinx/util/typing.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ _INVALID_BUILTIN_CLASSES: Final[Mapping[object, str]] = {Context:

 def is_invalid_builtin_class(obj: Any) ->bool:
     """Check *obj* is an invalid built-in class."""
-    pass
+    return obj in _INVALID_BUILTIN_CLASSES


 TextlikeNode: TypeAlias = nodes.Text | nodes.TextElement
@@ -99,22 +99,27 @@ def get_type_hints(obj: Any, globalns: (dict[str, Any] | None)=None,
     This is a simple wrapper of `typing.get_type_hints()` that does not raise an error on
     runtime.
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        return typing.get_type_hints(obj, globalns, localns, include_extras)
+    except Exception:
+        logger.warning('Failed to get type hints for %r', obj)
+        return {}


 def is_system_TypeVar(typ: Any) ->bool:
     """Check *typ* is system defined TypeVar."""
-    pass
+    return isinstance(typ, TypeVar) and typ.__module__ == 'typing'


 def _is_annotated_form(obj: Any) ->TypeIs[Annotated[Any, ...]]:
     """Check if *obj* is an annotated type."""
-    pass
+    return isinstance(obj, type(Annotated)) and obj.__origin__ is Annotated


 def _is_unpack_form(obj: Any) ->bool:
     """Check if the object is :class:`typing.Unpack` or equivalent."""
-    pass
+    return (hasattr(typing, 'Unpack') and isinstance(obj, type(typing.Unpack))
+            or getattr(obj, '__origin__', None) is getattr(typing, 'Unpack', None))


 def restify(cls: Any, mode: _RestifyMode='fully-qualified-except-typing'
@@ -129,7 +134,21 @@ def restify(cls: Any, mode: _RestifyMode='fully-qualified-except-typing'
                  'smart'
                      Show the name of the annotation.
     """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(cls, str):
+        return cls
+    elif isinstance(cls, type):
+        if mode == 'smart':
+            return cls.__name__
+        else:
+            module = cls.__module__
+            name = cls.__qualname__
+            if module == 'typing' or module == 'builtins':
+                return name
+            return f'{module}.{name}'
+    elif isinstance(cls, TypeVar):
+        return cls.__name__
+    else:
+        return str(cls)


 def stringify_annotation(annotation: Any, /, mode: _StringifyMode=
@@ -147,7 +166,23 @@ def stringify_annotation(annotation: Any, /, mode: _StringifyMode=
                  'fully-qualified'
                      Show the module name and qualified name of the annotation.
     """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(annotation, str):
+        return annotation
+    elif isinstance(annotation, type):
+        if mode == 'smart':
+            return annotation.__name__
+        elif mode == 'fully-qualified':
+            return f'{annotation.__module__}.{annotation.__qualname__}'
+        else:  # fully-qualified-except-typing
+            module = annotation.__module__
+            name = annotation.__qualname__
+            if module == 'typing' or module == 'builtins':
+                return name
+            return f'{module}.{name}'
+    elif isinstance(annotation, TypeVar):
+        return annotation.__name__
+    else:
+        return str(annotation)


 _DEPRECATED_OBJECTS: dict[str, tuple[Any, str, tuple[int, int]]] = {}
diff --git a/sphinx/versioning.py b/sphinx/versioning.py
index e75880d9e..bcea28225 100644
--- a/sphinx/versioning.py
+++ b/sphinx/versioning.py
@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@ def add_uids(doctree: Node, condition: Callable[[Node], bool]) ->Iterator[Node
     :param condition:
         A callable which returns either ``True`` or ``False`` for a given node.
     """
-    pass
+    for node in doctree.traverse(condition):
+        if 'uid' not in node:
+            node['uid'] = uuid4().hex
+        yield node


 def merge_doctrees(old: Node, new: Node, condition: Callable[[Node], bool]
@@ -45,19 +48,48 @@ def merge_doctrees(old: Node, new: Node, condition: Callable[[Node], bool]
     :param condition:
         A callable which returns either ``True`` or ``False`` for a given node.
     """
-    pass
+    old_iter = old.traverse(condition)
+    new_iter = new.traverse(condition)
+    old_nodes = {node['uid']: node for node in old_iter if 'uid' in node}
+
+    for new_node in new_iter:
+        if 'uid' not in new_node:
+            yield new_node
+        elif new_node['uid'] not in old_nodes:
+            yield new_node
+        elif new_node != old_nodes[new_node['uid']]:
+            yield new_node


 def get_ratio(old: str, new: str) ->float:
     """Return a "similarity ratio" (in percent) representing the similarity
     between the two strings where 0 is equal and anything above less than equal.
     """
-    pass
+    if IS_SPEEDUP:
+        return Levenshtein.ratio(old, new) * 100
+    else:
+        distance = levenshtein_distance(old, new)
+        return (1 - (distance / max(len(old), len(new)))) * 100


 def levenshtein_distance(a: str, b: str) ->int:
     """Return the Levenshtein edit distance between two strings *a* and *b*."""
-    pass
+    if len(a) < len(b):
+        a, b = b, a
+    if not b:
+        return len(a)
+
+    previous_row = range(len(b) + 1)
+    for i, column1 in enumerate(a):
+        current_row = [i + 1]
+        for j, column2 in enumerate(b):
+            insertions = previous_row[j + 1] + 1
+            deletions = current_row[j] + 1
+            substitutions = previous_row[j] + (column1 != column2)
+            current_row.append(min(insertions, deletions, substitutions))
+        previous_row = current_row
+
+    return previous_row[-1]


 class UIDTransform(SphinxTransform):
diff --git a/sphinx/writers/html5.py b/sphinx/writers/html5.py
index 761abb855..2e5157d93 100644
--- a/sphinx/writers/html5.py
+++ b/sphinx/writers/html5.py
@@ -22,7 +22,11 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

 def multiply_length(length: str, scale: int) ->str:
     """Multiply *length* (width or height) by *scale*."""
-    pass
+    match = re.match(r'^(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)(px|em|rem|%)$', length)
+    if match:
+        value, unit = match.groups()
+        return f"{float(value) * scale}{unit}"
+    return length


 class HTML5Translator(SphinxTranslator, BaseTranslator):
@@ -51,4 +55,21 @@ class HTML5Translator(SphinxTranslator, BaseTranslator):
         The *parameter_group* value is the type of child nodes acting as required parameters
         or as a set of contiguous optional parameters.
         """
-        pass
+        self.body.append(sig_open_paren)
+        self.required_params_left = sum(isinstance(c, parameter_group) for c in node.children)
+        self.param_separator = node.child_text_separator
+        self.optional_param_level = 0
+        for child in node:
+            if isinstance(child, parameter_group):
+                self.required_params_left -= 1
+                if self.optional_param_level:
+                    self.body.append(']')
+                    self.optional_param_level -= 1
+            elif isinstance(child, addnodes.optional):
+                self.optional_param_level += 1
+                self.body.append('[')
+            self.visit(child)
+        while self.optional_param_level:
+            self.body.append(']')
+            self.optional_param_level -= 1
+        self.body.append(sig_close_paren)
diff --git a/sphinx/writers/latex.py b/sphinx/writers/latex.py
index c0c3fff2d..50dae1b53 100644
--- a/sphinx/writers/latex.py
+++ b/sphinx/writers/latex.py
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class Table:

     def is_longtable(self) ->bool:
         """True if and only if table uses longtable environment."""
-        pass
+        return 'longtable' in self.styles or self.caption

     def get_table_type(self) ->str:
         """Returns the LaTeX environment name for the table.
@@ -113,7 +113,12 @@ class Table:
         * tabular
         * tabulary
         """
-        pass
+        if self.is_longtable():
+            return 'longtable'
+        elif self.colspec:
+            return 'tabulary'
+        else:
+            return 'tabular'

     def get_colspec(self) ->str:
         """Returns a column spec of table.
@@ -125,14 +130,23 @@ class Table:
            The ``\\\\X`` and ``T`` column type specifiers are defined in
            ``sphinxlatextables.sty``.
         """
-        pass
+        if self.colspec:
+            return self.colspec
+        elif self.colwidths and len(self.colwidths) == self.colcount:
+            return ''.join('p{%.2f\\linewidth}' % width for width in self.colwidths)
+        else:
+            return 'l' * self.colcount

     def add_cell(self, height: int, width: int) ->None:
         """Adds a new cell to a table.

         It will be located at current position: (``self.row``, ``self.col``).
         """
-        pass
+        self.cell_id += 1
+        for i in range(height):
+            for j in range(width):
+                self.cells[self.row + i, self.col + j] = self.cell_id
+        self.col += width

     def cell(self, row: (int | None)=None, col: (int | None)=None) ->(TableCell
          | None):
@@ -141,7 +155,12 @@ class Table:
         If no option arguments: ``row`` or ``col`` are given, the current position;
         ``self.row`` and ``self.col`` are used to get a cell object by default.
         """
-        pass
+        row = self.row if row is None else row
+        col = self.col if col is None else col
+        try:
+            return TableCell(self, row, col)
+        except IndexError:
+            return None


 class TableCell:
@@ -162,22 +181,39 @@ class TableCell:
     @property
     def width(self) ->int:
         """Returns the cell width."""
-        pass
+        return sum(1 for col in range(self.col, self.table.colcount)
+                   if self.table.cells[self.row, col] == self.cell_id)

     @property
     def height(self) ->int:
         """Returns the cell height."""
-        pass
+        return sum(1 for row in range(self.row, self.table.row + 1)
+                   if self.table.cells[row, self.col] == self.cell_id)


 def escape_abbr(text: str) ->str:
     """Adjust spacing after abbreviations."""
-    pass
+    return re.sub(r'\.(?=\w)', r'.\@', text)


 def rstdim_to_latexdim(width_str: str, scale: int=100) ->str:
     """Convert `width_str` with rst length to LaTeX length."""
-    pass
+    match = re.match(r'^(\d*\.?\d*)(\S*)$', width_str)
+    if not match:
+        return None
+    res = float(match.group(1))
+    unit = match.group(2)
+    if not unit or unit == "px":
+        res = f"{res * scale / 100:.2f}\\sphinxpxdimen"
+    elif unit == "%":
+        res = f"{res * scale / 100:.2f}\\linewidth"
+    elif unit == 'em':
+        res = f"{res:.2f}em"
+    elif unit in ('\\textwidth', '\\linewidth', '\\paperwidth'):
+        res = f"{res:.2f}{unit}"
+    else:
+        res = f"{res:.2f}{unit}"
+    return res


 class LaTeXTranslator(SphinxTranslator):
@@ -293,7 +329,7 @@ class LaTeXTranslator(SphinxTranslator):
     @property
     def table(self) ->(Table | None):
         """Get current table."""
-        pass
+        return self.tables[-1] if self.tables else None
     depart_sidebar = depart_topic

     def _visit_sig_parameter_list(self, node: Element, parameter_group:
@@ -306,7 +342,19 @@ class LaTeXTranslator(SphinxTranslator):
         The caller is responsible for closing adding surrounding LaTeX macro argument start
         and stop tokens.
         """
-        pass
+        params = []
+        optional_params = []
+        for child in node.children:
+            if isinstance(child, parameter_group):
+                if child.get('optional'):
+                    optional_params.append(child.astext())
+                else:
+                    params.append(child.astext())
+        
+        if params:
+            self.body.append(', '.join(params))
+        if optional_params:
+            self.body.append('[' + ', '.join(optional_params) + ']')
     visit_field_name = visit_term
     depart_field_name = depart_term
     visit_field_body = visit_definition
@@ -314,7 +362,7 @@ class LaTeXTranslator(SphinxTranslator):

     def is_inline(self, node: Element) ->bool:
         """Check whether a node represents an inline element."""
-        pass
+        return isinstance(node, (nodes.inline, nodes.literal, nodes.reference))
     visit_attention = _visit_named_admonition
     depart_attention = _depart_named_admonition
     visit_caution = _visit_named_admonition
@@ -338,7 +386,7 @@ class LaTeXTranslator(SphinxTranslator):

     def visit_option_argument(self, node: Element) ->None:
         """The delimiter between an option and its argument."""
-        pass
+        self.body.append('=')


 from sphinx.builders.latex.nodes import HYPERLINK_SUPPORT_NODES, captioned_literal_block, footnotetext
diff --git a/sphinx/writers/texinfo.py b/sphinx/writers/texinfo.py
index ff82196df..a3a293868 100644
--- a/sphinx/writers/texinfo.py
+++ b/sphinx/writers/texinfo.py
@@ -71,14 +71,16 @@ TEMPLATE = """\\input texinfo   @c -*-texinfo-*-

 def find_subsections(section: Element) ->list[nodes.section]:
     """Return a list of subsections for the given ``section``."""
-    pass
+    return [node for node in section.children if isinstance(node, nodes.section)]


 def smart_capwords(s: str, sep: (str | None)=None) ->str:
     """Like string.capwords() but does not capitalize words that already
     contain a capital letter.
     """
-    pass
+    words = s.split(sep) if sep else s.split()
+    capitalized = [word.capitalize() if word.islower() else word for word in words]
+    return (sep or ' ').join(capitalized)


 class TexinfoWriter(writers.Writer):
@@ -144,41 +146,75 @@ class TexinfoTranslator(SphinxTranslator):

         Assigns the attribute ``node_name`` to each section.
         """
-        pass
+        for section in self.document.traverse(nodes.section):
+            if 'ids' in section:
+                node_id = section['ids'][0]
+                node_name = self.escape_id(node_id)
+                section['node_name'] = node_name
+                self.node_names[node_id] = node_name

     def collect_node_menus(self) ->None:
         """Collect the menu entries for each "node" section."""
-        pass
+        for section in self.document.traverse(nodes.section):
+            if 'node_name' not in section:
+                continue
+            entries = []
+            for subsection in find_subsections(section):
+                if 'node_name' in subsection:
+                    title = self.escape_menu(subsection.next_node(nodes.title).astext())
+                    entries.append((subsection['node_name'], title))
+            self.node_menus[section['node_name']] = entries

     def collect_rellinks(self) ->None:
         """Collect the relative links (next, previous, up) for each "node"."""
-        pass
+        def process_section(section, parent=None):
+            if 'node_name' not in section:
+                return
+            node_name = section['node_name']
+            links = ['', '', '']  # next, previous, up
+            if parent and 'node_name' in parent:
+                links[2] = parent['node_name']
+            subsections = find_subsections(section)
+            if subsections:
+                links[0] = subsections[0]['node_name']
+            for i, subsection in enumerate(subsections):
+                if i > 0:
+                    process_section(subsection, section)
+                    self.rellinks[subsection['node_name']][1] = node_name
+                if i < len(subsections) - 1:
+                    self.rellinks[subsection['node_name']][0] = subsections[i + 1]['node_name']
+            self.rellinks[node_name] = links
+
+        process_section(self.document)

     def escape(self, s: str) ->str:
         """Return a string with Texinfo command characters escaped."""
-        pass
+        return s.replace('@', '@@').replace('{', '@{').replace('}', '@}')

     def escape_arg(self, s: str) ->str:
         """Return an escaped string suitable for use as an argument
         to a Texinfo command.
         """
-        pass
+        return s.replace(',', '@comma{}').replace(':', '@colon{}')

     def escape_id(self, s: str) ->str:
         """Return an escaped string suitable for node names and anchors."""
-        pass
+        return re.sub(r'[^\w.+-]', '-', s)

     def escape_menu(self, s: str) ->str:
         """Return an escaped string suitable for menu entries."""
-        pass
+        return s.replace(':', '@:').replace('*', '@*').replace(' ', '@w{ }')

     def ensure_eol(self) ->None:
         """Ensure the last line in body is terminated by new line."""
-        pass
+        if self.body and not self.body[-1].endswith('\n'):
+            self.body[-1] += '\n'

     def get_short_id(self, id: str) ->str:
         """Return a shorter 'id' associated with ``id``."""
-        pass
+        if id not in self.short_ids:
+            self.short_ids[id] = str(len(self.short_ids))
+        return self.short_ids[id]
     headings = ('@unnumbered', '@chapter', '@section', '@subsection',
         '@subsubsection')
     rubrics = '@heading', '@subheading', '@subsubheading'
diff --git a/sphinx/writers/text.py b/sphinx/writers/text.py
index 2e3317450..6732d2f5e 100644
--- a/sphinx/writers/text.py
+++ b/sphinx/writers/text.py
@@ -101,11 +101,13 @@ class Table:
         """Add a row to the table, to use with ``add_cell()``.  It is not needed
         to call ``add_row()`` before the first ``add_cell()``.
         """
-        pass
+        self.lines.append([])
+        self.current_line = len(self.lines) - 1
+        self.current_col = 0

     def set_separator(self) ->None:
         """Sets the separator below the current line."""
-        pass
+        self.separator = len(self.lines)

     def add_cell(self, cell: Cell) ->None:
         """Add a cell to the current line, to use with ``add_row()``.  To add
@@ -113,7 +115,10 @@ class Table:
         ``cell.colspan`` or ``cell.rowspan`` BEFORE inserting it into
         the table.
         """
-        pass
+        while self.current_col < len(self.lines[self.current_line]) and self.lines[self.current_line][self.current_col]:
+            self.current_col += 1
+        self[self.current_line, self.current_col] = cell
+        self.current_col += cell.colspan

     def __getitem__(self, pos: tuple[int, int]) ->Cell:
         line, col = pos
@@ -139,19 +144,27 @@ class Table:
         ``self.colwidth`` or ``self.measured_widths``).
         This takes into account cells spanning multiple columns.
         """
-        pass
+        width = sum(source[cell.col:cell.col + cell.colspan])
+        return width + (cell.colspan - 1) * 3  # Add space for separators

     def rewrap(self) ->None:
         """Call ``cell.wrap()`` on all cells, and measure each column width
         after wrapping (result written in ``self.measured_widths``).
         """
-        pass
+        self.measured_widths = self.colwidth[:]
+        for line in self.lines:
+            for cell in line:
+                if cell.col == cell.col:  # Only process each cell once
+                    wrapped = textwrap.wrap(cell.text, width=self.cell_width(cell, self.measured_widths))
+                    cell.wrapped = wrapped
+                    if cell.colspan == 1:
+                        self.measured_widths[cell.col] = max(self.measured_widths[cell.col], max(map(len, wrapped)) if wrapped else 0)

     def physical_lines_for_line(self, line: list[Cell]) ->int:
         """For a given line, compute the number of physical lines it spans
         due to text wrapping.
         """
-        pass
+        return max(len(cell.wrapped) for cell in line if cell.row == line.index(cell))

     def __str__(self) ->str:
         out = []
@@ -212,23 +225,78 @@ class TextWrapper(textwrap.TextWrapper):

         This method respects wide/fullwidth characters for width adjustment.
         """
-        pass
+        lines = []
+        if self.width <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("invalid width %r (must be > 0)" % self.width)
+
+        chunks.reverse()
+        while chunks:
+            cur_line = []
+            cur_len = 0
+
+            if lines:
+                indent = self.subsequent_indent
+            else:
+                indent = self.initial_indent
+
+            width = self.width - len(indent)
+
+            if self.drop_whitespace and chunks[-1].strip() == '' and lines:
+                del chunks[-1]
+
+            while chunks:
+                l = column_width(chunks[-1])
+
+                if cur_len + l <= width:
+                    cur_line.append(chunks.pop())
+                    cur_len += l
+                else:
+                    break
+
+            if chunks and column_width(chunks[-1]) > width:
+                self._handle_long_word(chunks, cur_line, cur_len, width)
+
+            if self.drop_whitespace and cur_line and cur_line[-1].strip() == '':
+                del cur_line[-1]
+
+            if cur_line:
+                lines.append(indent + ''.join(cur_line))
+
+        return lines

     def _break_word(self, word: str, space_left: int) ->tuple[str, str]:
         """Break line by unicode width instead of len(word)."""
-        pass
+        total_width = 0
+        for i, char in enumerate(word):
+            char_width = column_width(char)
+            if total_width + char_width > space_left:
+                return word[:i], word[i:]
+            total_width += char_width
+        return word, ''

     def _split(self, text: str) ->list[str]:
         """Override original method that only split by 'wordsep_re'.

         This '_split' splits wide-characters into chunks by one character.
         """
-        pass
+        chunks = []
+        for chunk in self.wordsep_re.split(text):
+            if column_width(chunk) > 1:
+                chunks.extend(list(chunk))
+            else:
+                chunks.append(chunk)
+        return [c for c in chunks if c]

-    def _handle_long_word(self, reversed_chunks: list[str], cur_line: list[
-        str], cur_len: int, width: int) ->None:
+    def _handle_long_word(self, reversed_chunks: list[str], cur_line: list[str], cur_len: int, width: int) ->None:
         """Override original method for using self._break_word() instead of slice."""
-        pass
+        space_left = max(width - cur_len, 1)
+        if self.break_long_words:
+            chunk = reversed_chunks[-1]
+            word_part, remainder = self._break_word(chunk, space_left)
+            reversed_chunks[-1] = remainder
+            cur_line.append(word_part)
+        elif not cur_line:
+            cur_line.append(reversed_chunks.pop())


 MAXWIDTH = 70
diff --git a/sphinx/writers/xml.py b/sphinx/writers/xml.py
index 47b7357a7..4281a5c02 100644
--- a/sphinx/writers/xml.py
+++ b/sphinx/writers/xml.py
@@ -30,4 +30,4 @@ class PseudoXMLWriter(BaseXMLWriter):

     def supports(self, format: str) ->bool:
         """All format-specific elements are supported."""
-        pass
+        return format in self.supported