back to Claude Sonnet 3.5 - Fill-in summary

Claude Sonnet 3.5 - Fill-in: dnspython

Pytest Summary for test tests

status	count
failed	61
passed	118
total	179
collected	179

Failed pytests:

test_address.py::IPv4Tests::test_invalid

test_address.py::IPv4Tests::test_invalid

self = 

    def test_invalid(self):
        invalid = (
            "",
            ".",
            "..",
            "400.2.3.4",
            "260.2.3.4",
            "256.2.3.4",
            "1.256.3.4",
            "1.2.256.4",
            "1.2.3.256",
            "300.2.3.4",
            "1.300.3.4",
            "1.2.300.4",
            "1.2.3.300",
            "900.2.3.4",
            "1.900.3.4",
            "1.2.900.4",
            "1.2.3.900",
            "300.300.300.300",
            "3000.30.30.30",
            "255Z255X255Y255",
            "192x168.1.26",
            "2.3.4",
            "257.1.2.3",
            "00.00.00.00",
            "000.000.000.000",
            "256.256.256.256",
            "255255.255.255",
            "255.255255.255",
            "255.255.255255",
            "1...",
            "1.2..",
            "1.2.3.",
            ".2..",
            ".2.3.",
            ".2.3.4",
            "..3.",
            "..3.4",
            "...4",
            ".1.2.3.4",
            "1.2.3.4.",
            " 1.2.3.4",
            "1.2.3.4 ",
            " 1.2.3.4 ",
            "::",
        )
        for s in invalid:
>           with self.assertRaises(
                dns.exception.SyntaxError, msg=f'invalid IPv4 address: "{s}"'
            ):
E           AssertionError: SyntaxError not raised : invalid IPv4 address: "00.00.00.00"

tests/test_address.py:77: AssertionError

test_address.py::IPv6Tests::test_invalid

test_address.py::IPv6Tests::test_invalid

self = 

    def test_invalid(self):
        invalid = (
            "",
            ":",
            ":::",
            "2001:DB8:0:0:8:800:200C:417A:221",
            "FF01::101::2",
            "02001:0000:1234:0000:0000:C1C0:ABCD:0876",
            "2001:0000:1234:0000:00001:C1C0:ABCD:0876",
            " 2001:0000:1234:0000:0000:C1C0:ABCD:0876",
            "2001:0000:1234:0000:0000:C1C0:ABCD:0876 ",
            " 2001:0000:1234:0000:0000:C1C0:ABCD:0876  ",
            "2001:0000:1234:0000:0000:C1C0:ABCD:0876  0",
            "2001:0000:1234: 0000:0000:C1C0:ABCD:0876",
            "3ffe:0b00:0000:0001:0000:0000:000a",
            "FF02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001",
            "3ffe:b00::1::a",
            "::1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666::",
            "1:2:3::4:5::7:8",
            "12345::6:7:8",
            "1::5:400.2.3.4",
            "1::5:260.2.3.4",
            "1::5:256.2.3.4",
            "1::5:1.256.3.4",
            "1::5:1.2.256.4",
            "1::5:1.2.3.256",
            "1::5:300.2.3.4",
            "1::5:1.300.3.4",
            "1::5:1.2.300.4",
            "1::5:1.2.3.300",
            "1::5:900.2.3.4",
            "1::5:1.900.3.4",
            "1::5:1.2.900.4",
            "1::5:1.2.3.900",
            "1::5:300.300.300.300",
            "1::5:3000.30.30.30",
            "1::400.2.3.4",
            "1::260.2.3.4",
            "1::256.2.3.4",
            "1::1.256.3.4",
            "1::1.2.256.4",
            "1::1.2.3.256",
            "1::300.2.3.4",
            "1::1.300.3.4",
            "1::1.2.300.4",
            "1::1.2.3.300",
            "1::900.2.3.4",
            "1::1.900.3.4",
            "1::1.2.900.4",
            "1::1.2.3.900",
            "1::300.300.300.300",
            "1::3000.30.30.30",
            "::400.2.3.4",
            "::260.2.3.4",
            "::256.2.3.4",
            "::1.256.3.4",
            "::1.2.256.4",
            "::1.2.3.256",
            "::300.2.3.4",
            "::1.300.3.4",
            "::1.2.300.4",
            "::1.2.3.300",
            "::900.2.3.4",
            "::1.900.3.4",
            "::1.2.900.4",
            "::1.2.3.900",
            "::300.300.300.300",
            "::3000.30.30.30",
            "::1.2.3.4.",
            "2001:1:1:1:1:1:255Z255X255Y255",
            "::ffff:192x168.1.26",
            "::ffff:2.3.4",
            "::ffff:257.1.2.3",
            "1.2.3.4",
            "1.2.3.4:1111:2222:3333:4444::5555",
            "1.2.3.4:1111:2222:3333::5555",
            "1.2.3.4:1111:2222::5555",
            "1.2.3.4:1111::5555",
            "1.2.3.4::5555",
            "1.2.3.4::",
            "fe80:0000:0000:0000:0204:61ff:254.157.241.086",
            "XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:00.00.00.00",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:000.000.000.000",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:256.256.256.256",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444::5555:",
            "1111:2222:3333::5555:",
            "1111:2222::5555:",
            "1111::5555:",
            "::5555:",
            "1111:",
            ":1111:2222:3333:4444::5555",
            ":1111:2222:3333::5555",
            ":1111:2222::5555",
            ":1111::5555",
            ":::5555",
            "123",
            "ldkfj",
            "2001::FFD3::57ab",
            "2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:37023:7334",
            "2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370k:7334",
            "1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8:9",
            "1::2::3",
            "1:::3:4:5",
            "1:2:3::4:5:6:7:8:9",
            "XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888:9999",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888::",
            "::2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888:9999",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444",
            "1111:2222:3333",
            "1111:2222",
            "1111",
            "11112222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "1111:22223333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "1111:2222:33334444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "1111:2222:3333:44445555:6666:7777:8888",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:55556666:7777:8888",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:66667777:8888",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:77778888",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888:",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:",
            "1111:2222:3333:",
            "1111:2222:",
            ":8888",
            ":7777:8888",
            ":6666:7777:8888",
            ":5555:6666:7777:8888",
            ":4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            ":3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            ":2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            ":1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            ":::2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "1111:::3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "1111:2222:::4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "1111:2222:3333:::5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:::6666:7777:8888",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:::7777:8888",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:::8888",
            "::2222::4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "::2222:3333::5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "::2222:3333:4444::6666:7777:8888",
            "::2222:3333:4444:5555::7777:8888",
            "::2222:3333:4444:5555:7777::8888",
            "::2222:3333:4444:5555:7777:8888::",
            "1111::3333::5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "1111::3333:4444::6666:7777:8888",
            "1111::3333:4444:5555::7777:8888",
            "1111::3333:4444:5555:6666::8888",
            "1111::3333:4444:5555:6666:7777::",
            "1111:2222::4444::6666:7777:8888",
            "1111:2222::4444:5555::7777:8888",
            "1111:2222::4444:5555:6666::8888",
            "1111:2222::4444:5555:6666:7777::",
            "1111:2222:3333::5555::7777:8888",
            "1111:2222:3333::5555:6666::8888",
            "1111:2222:3333::5555:6666:7777::",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444::6666::8888",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444::6666:7777::",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555::7777::",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666::1.2.3.4",
            "::2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:1.2.3.4.5",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:3333:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:1.2.3.4",
            "11112222:3333:4444:5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:22223333:4444:5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:33334444:5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:3333:44445555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:55556666:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:66661.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:255255.255.255",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:255.255255.255",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:255.255.255255",
            ":1.2.3.4",
            ":6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":4444:5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":3333:4444:5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":::2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:::3333:4444:5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:::4444:5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:3333:::5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:::6666:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:::1.2.3.4",
            "::2222::4444:5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            "::2222:3333::5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            "::2222:3333:4444::6666:1.2.3.4",
            "::2222:3333:4444:5555::1.2.3.4",
            "1111::3333::5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            "1111::3333:4444::6666:1.2.3.4",
            "1111::3333:4444:5555::1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222::4444::6666:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222::4444:5555::1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:3333::5555::1.2.3.4",
            "::.",
            "::..",
            "::...",
            "::1...",
            "::1.2..",
            "::1.2.3.",
            "::.2..",
            "::.2.3.",
            "::.2.3.4",
            "::..3.",
            "::..3.4",
            "::...4",
            ":1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777::",
            ":1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666::",
            ":1111:2222:3333:4444:5555::",
            ":1111:2222:3333:4444::",
            ":1111:2222:3333::",
            ":1111:2222::",
            ":1111::",
            ":1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666::8888",
            ":1111:2222:3333:4444:5555::8888",
            ":1111:2222:3333:4444::8888",
            ":1111:2222:3333::8888",
            ":1111:2222::8888",
            ":1111::8888",
            ":::8888",
            ":1111:2222:3333:4444:5555::7777:8888",
            ":1111:2222:3333:4444::7777:8888",
            ":1111:2222:3333::7777:8888",
            ":1111:2222::7777:8888",
            ":1111::7777:8888",
            ":::7777:8888",
            ":1111:2222:3333:4444::6666:7777:8888",
            ":1111:2222:3333::6666:7777:8888",
            ":1111:2222::6666:7777:8888",
            ":1111::6666:7777:8888",
            ":::6666:7777:8888",
            ":1111:2222:3333::5555:6666:7777:8888",
            ":1111:2222::5555:6666:7777:8888",
            ":1111::5555:6666:7777:8888",
            ":::5555:6666:7777:8888",
            ":1111:2222::4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            ":1111::4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            ":::4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            ":1111::3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            ":::3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            ":1111:2222:3333:4444:5555::1.2.3.4",
            ":1111:2222:3333:4444::1.2.3.4",
            ":1111:2222:3333::1.2.3.4",
            ":1111:2222::1.2.3.4",
            ":1111::1.2.3.4",
            ":::1.2.3.4",
            ":1111:2222:3333:4444::6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":1111:2222:3333::6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":1111:2222::6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":1111::6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":::6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":1111:2222:3333::5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":1111:2222::5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":1111::5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":::5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":1111:2222::4444:5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":1111::4444:5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":::4444:5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            ":1111::3333:4444:5555:6666:1.2.3.4",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:::",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:::",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:::",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:::",
            "1111:2222:3333:::",
            "1111:2222:::",
            "1111:::",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666::8888:",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555::8888:",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444::8888:",
            "1111:2222:3333::8888:",
            "1111:2222::8888:",
            "1111::8888:",
            "::8888:",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555::7777:8888:",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444::7777:8888:",
            "1111:2222:3333::7777:8888:",
            "1111:2222::7777:8888:",
            "1111::7777:8888:",
            "::7777:8888:",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444::6666:7777:8888:",
            "1111:2222:3333::6666:7777:8888:",
            "1111:2222::6666:7777:8888:",
            "1111::6666:7777:8888:",
            "::6666:7777:8888:",
            "1111:2222:3333::5555:6666:7777:8888:",
            "1111:2222::5555:6666:7777:8888:",
            "1111::5555:6666:7777:8888:",
            "::5555:6666:7777:8888:",
            "1111:2222::4444:5555:6666:7777:8888:",
            "1111::4444:5555:6666:7777:8888:",
            "::4444:5555:6666:7777:8888:",
            "1111::3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888:",
            "::3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888:",
            "::2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888:",
            "':10.0.0.1",
        )
        for s in invalid:
>           with self.assertRaises(
                dns.exception.SyntaxError, msg=f'invalid IPv6 address: "{s}"'
            ):
E           AssertionError: SyntaxError not raised : invalid IPv6 address: "02001:0000:1234:0000:0000:C1C0:ABCD:0876"

tests/test_address.py:582: AssertionError

test_address.py::IPv6Tests::test_valid

test_address.py::IPv6Tests::test_valid

self = 

    def test_valid(self):
        valid = (
            "::1",
            "::",
            "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1",
            "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0",
            "2001:DB8:0:0:8:800:200C:417A",
            "FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:101",
            "2001:DB8::8:800:200C:417A",
            "FF01::101",
            "fe80::217:f2ff:fe07:ed62",
            "2001:0000:1234:0000:0000:C1C0:ABCD:0876",
            "3ffe:0b00:0000:0000:0001:0000:0000:000a",
            "FF02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001",
            "0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001",
            "0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000",
            "2::10",
            "ff02::1",
            "fe80::",
            "2002::",
            "2001:db8::",
            "2001:0db8:1234::",
            "::ffff:0:0",
            "1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8",
            "1:2:3:4:5:6::8",
            "1:2:3:4:5::8",
            "1:2:3:4::8",
            "1:2:3::8",
            "1:2::8",
            "1::8",
            "1::2:3:4:5:6:7",
            "1::2:3:4:5:6",
            "1::2:3:4:5",
            "1::2:3:4",
            "1::2:3",
            "::2:3:4:5:6:7:8",
            "::2:3:4:5:6:7",
            "::2:3:4:5:6",
            "::2:3:4:5",
            "::2:3:4",
            "::2:3",
            "::8",
            "1:2:3:4:5:6::",
            "1:2:3:4:5::",
            "1:2:3:4::",
            "1:2:3::",
            "1:2::",
            "1::",
            "1:2:3:4:5::7:8",
            "1:2:3:4::7:8",
            "1:2:3::7:8",
            "1:2::7:8",
            "1::7:8",
            "1:2:3:4:5:6:1.2.3.4",
            "1:2:3:4:5::1.2.3.4",
            "1:2:3:4::1.2.3.4",
            "1:2:3::1.2.3.4",
            "1:2::1.2.3.4",
            "1::1.2.3.4",
            "1:2:3:4::5:1.2.3.4",
            "1:2:3::5:1.2.3.4",
            "1:2:3::5:1.2.3.4",
            "1:2::5:1.2.3.4",
            "1::5:1.2.3.4",
            "1::5:11.22.33.44",
            "fe80::217:f2ff:254.7.237.98",
            "::ffff:192.168.1.26",
            "::ffff:192.168.1.1",
            "0:0:0:0:0:0:13.1.68.3",
            "0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:129.144.52.38",
            "::13.1.68.3",
            "::FFFF:129.144.52.38",
            "fe80:0:0:0:204:61ff:254.157.241.86",
            "fe80::204:61ff:254.157.241.86",
            "::ffff:12.34.56.78",
            "::ffff:192.0.2.128",
            "fe80:0000:0000:0000:0204:61ff:fe9d:f156",
            "fe80:0:0:0:204:61ff:fe9d:f156",
            "fe80::204:61ff:fe9d:f156",
            "fe80::1",
            "::ffff:c000:280",
            "2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334",
            "2001:db8:85a3:0:0:8a2e:370:7334",
            "2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334",
            "2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:1428:57ab",
            "2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000::1428:57ab",
            "2001:0db8:0:0:0:0:1428:57ab",
            "2001:0db8:0:0::1428:57ab",
            "2001:0db8::1428:57ab",
            "2001:db8::1428:57ab",
            "::ffff:0c22:384e",
            "2001:0db8:1234:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000",
            "2001:0db8:1234:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff",
            "2001:db8:a::123",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777::",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666::",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555::",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444::",
            "1111:2222:3333::",
            "1111:2222::",
            "1111::",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666::8888",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555::8888",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444::8888",
            "1111:2222:3333::8888",
            "1111:2222::8888",
            "1111::8888",
            "::8888",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555::7777:8888",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444::7777:8888",
            "1111:2222:3333::7777:8888",
            "1111:2222::7777:8888",
            "1111::7777:8888",
            "::7777:8888",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444::6666:7777:8888",
            "1111:2222:3333::6666:7777:8888",
            "1111:2222::6666:7777:8888",
            "1111::6666:7777:8888",
            "::6666:7777:8888",
            "1111:2222:3333::5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "1111:2222::5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "1111::5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "::5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "1111:2222::4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "1111::4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "::4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "1111::3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "::3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "::2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:123.123.123.123",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444:5555::123.123.123.123",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444::123.123.123.123",
            "1111:2222:3333::123.123.123.123",
            "1111:2222::123.123.123.123",
            "1111::123.123.123.123",
            "::123.123.123.123",
            "1111:2222:3333:4444::6666:123.123.123.123",
            "1111:2222:3333::6666:123.123.123.123",
            "1111:2222::6666:123.123.123.123",
            "1111::6666:123.123.123.123",
            "::6666:123.123.123.123",
            "1111:2222:3333::5555:6666:123.123.123.123",
            "1111:2222::5555:6666:123.123.123.123",
            "1111::5555:6666:123.123.123.123",
            "::5555:6666:123.123.123.123",
            "1111:2222::4444:5555:6666:123.123.123.123",
            "1111::4444:5555:6666:123.123.123.123",
            "::4444:5555:6666:123.123.123.123",
            "1111::3333:4444:5555:6666:123.123.123.123",
            "::2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:123.123.123.123",
            "::0:0:0:0:0:0:0",
            "::0:0:0:0:0:0",
            "::0:0:0:0:0",
            "::0:0:0:0",
            "::0:0:0",
            "::0:0",
            "::0",
            "0:0:0:0:0:0:0::",
            "0:0:0:0:0:0::",
            "0:0:0:0:0::",
            "0:0:0:0::",
            "0:0:0::",
            "0:0::",
            "0::",
            "0:a:b:c:d:e:f::",
            "::0:a:b:c:d:e:f",
            "a:b:c:d:e:f:0::",
        )

        win32_invalid = {
            "::2:3:4:5:6:7:8",
            "::2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:7777:8888",
            "::2222:3333:4444:5555:6666:123.123.123.123",
            "::0:0:0:0:0:0:0",
            "::0:a:b:c:d:e:f",
        }

        for s in valid:
            if sys.platform == "win32" and s in win32_invalid:
                # socket.inet_pton() on win32 rejects some valid (as
                # far as we can tell) IPv6 addresses.  Skip them.
                continue
            self.assertEqual(
>               dns.ipv6.inet_aton(s), socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, s)
            )

tests/test_address.py:268: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

text = '1:2:3:4:5:6:1.2.3.4', ignore_scope = False

    def inet_aton(text: Union[str, bytes], ignore_scope: bool=False) ->bytes:
        """Convert an IPv6 address in text form to binary form.

        *text*, a ``str`` or ``bytes``, the IPv6 address in textual form.

        *ignore_scope*, a ``bool``.  If ``True``, a scope will be ignored.
        If ``False``, the default, it is an error for a scope to be present.

        Returns a ``bytes``.
        """
        if isinstance(text, bytes):
            text = text.decode()

        if '%' in text:
            if ignore_scope:
                text = text.split('%')[0]
            else:
                raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("IPv6 address with a scope")

        if '::' in text:
            left, right = text.split('::', 1)
            left_parts = left.split(':') if left else []
            right_parts = right.split(':') if right else []
            missing = 8 - (len(left_parts) + len(right_parts))
            parts = left_parts + ['0'] * missing + right_parts
        else:
            parts = text.split(':')

        if len(parts) != 8:
>           raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("Invalid IPv6 address")
E           dns.exception.SyntaxError: Invalid IPv6 address

dns/ipv6.py:85: SyntaxError

test_entropy.py::EntropyTestCase::test_functions

test_entropy.py::EntropyTestCase::test_functions

self = 

    def test_functions(self):
>       v = dns.entropy.random_16()
E       AttributeError: module 'dns.entropy' has no attribute 'random_16'. Did you mean: 'random'?

tests/test_entropy.py:41: AttributeError

test_entropy.py::EntropyTestCase::test_pool

test_entropy.py::EntropyTestCase::test_pool

self = 

    def test_pool(self):
>       pool = dns.entropy.EntropyPool(b"seed-value")

tests/test_entropy.py:12: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

self = , seed = b'seed-value'

    def __init__(self, seed: Optional[bytes]=None):
        self.pool_index = 0
        self.digest: Optional[bytearray] = None
        self.next_byte = 0
        self.lock = threading.Lock()
        self.hash = hashlib.sha1()
        self.hash_len = 20
        self.pool = bytearray(b'\x00' * self.hash_len)
        if seed is not None:
>           self._stir(seed)
E           AttributeError: 'EntropyPool' object has no attribute '_stir'

dns/entropy.py:20: AttributeError

test_entropy.py::EntropyTestCase::test_pool_random

test_entropy.py::EntropyTestCase::test_pool_random

self = 

    def test_pool_random(self):
        pool = dns.entropy.EntropyPool()
>       values = {pool.random_32() for n in range(12)}
E       AttributeError: 'EntropyPool' object has no attribute 'random_32'

tests/test_entropy.py:22: AttributeError

test_entropy.py::EntropyTestCase::test_pool_random_between

test_entropy.py::EntropyTestCase::test_pool_random_between

self = 

    def test_pool_random_between(self):
        pool = dns.entropy.EntropyPool()

        def bad():
            pool.random_between(0, 4294967296)

>       self.assertRaises(ValueError, bad)

tests/test_entropy.py:32: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

    def bad():
>       pool.random_between(0, 4294967296)
E       AttributeError: 'EntropyPool' object has no attribute 'random_between'

tests/test_entropy.py:30: AttributeError

test_entropy.py::EntropyForcePoolTestCase::test_functions

test_entropy.py::EntropyForcePoolTestCase::test_functions

self = 

    def test_functions(self):
>       v = dns.entropy.random_16()
E       AttributeError: module 'dns.entropy' has no attribute 'random_16'. Did you mean: 'random'?

tests/test_entropy.py:56: AttributeError

test_exceptions.py::ExceptionTestCase::test_formatted_error

test_exceptions.py::ExceptionTestCase::test_formatted_error

self = 

    def test_formatted_error(self):
        """Exceptions with explicit format has to respect it."""
        params = {"parameter": "value"}
        try:
>           raise FormatedError(**params)

tests/test_exceptions.py:46: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

self = FormatedError(), args = (), kwargs = {'parameter': 'value'}

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self._check_params(*args, **kwargs)
        if kwargs:
>           self.kwargs = self._check_kwargs(**kwargs)
E           AttributeError: 'FormatedError' object has no attribute '_check_kwargs'. Did you mean: '_check_params'?

dns/exception.py:38: AttributeError

test_exceptions.py::ExceptionTestCase::test_kwargs_only

test_exceptions.py::ExceptionTestCase::test_kwargs_only

self = 

    def test_kwargs_only(self):
        """Kwargs cannot be combined with args."""
        with self.assertRaises(AssertionError):
>           raise FormatedError(1, a=2)

tests/test_exceptions.py:54: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
dns/exception.py:36: in __init__
    self._check_params(*args, **kwargs)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

    def _check_params(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """Old exceptions supported only args and not kwargs.

        For sanity we do not allow to mix old and new behavior."""
        if args and kwargs:
>           raise ValueError("Cannot mix args and kwargs in exception initialization")
E           ValueError: Cannot mix args and kwargs in exception initialization

dns/exception.py:54: ValueError

test_exceptions.py::ExceptionTestCase::test_kwargs_unsupported

test_exceptions.py::ExceptionTestCase::test_kwargs_unsupported

self = 

    def test_kwargs_unsupported(self):
        """Only supported kwargs are accepted."""
        with self.assertRaises(AssertionError):
>           raise FormatedError(unsupported=2)

tests/test_exceptions.py:59: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
dns/exception.py:36: in __init__
    self._check_params(*args, **kwargs)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

    def _check_params(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """Old exceptions supported only args and not kwargs.

        For sanity we do not allow to mix old and new behavior."""
        if args and kwargs:
            raise ValueError("Cannot mix args and kwargs in exception initialization")
        if kwargs and not set(kwargs.keys()).issubset(self.supp_kwargs):
>           raise ValueError(f"Unsupported kwargs: {set(kwargs.keys()) - self.supp_kwargs}")
E           ValueError: Unsupported kwargs: {'unsupported'}

dns/exception.py:56: ValueError

test_flags.py::FlagsTestCase::test_rcode4

test_flags.py::FlagsTestCase::test_rcode4

self = 

    def test_rcode4(self):
>       self.assertEqual(dns.rcode.to_flags(dns.rcode.BADVERS), (0, 0x01000000))
E       AssertionError: Tuples differ: (0, 256) != (0, 16777216)
E       
E       First differing element 1:
E       256
E       16777216
E       
E       - (0, 256)
E       + (0, 16777216)

tests/test_flags.py:36: AssertionError

test_flags.py::FlagsTestCase::test_rcode6

test_flags.py::FlagsTestCase::test_rcode6

self = 

    def test_rcode6(self):
>       self.assertEqual(dns.rcode.from_flags(0, 0x01000000), dns.rcode.BADVERS)
E       AssertionError:  != 

tests/test_flags.py:39: AssertionError

test_flags.py::FlagsTestCase::test_rcode_badsig

test_flags.py::FlagsTestCase::test_rcode_badsig

self = 

    def test_rcode_badsig(self):
        rcode = dns.rcode.BADSIG
        self.assertEqual(rcode.value, 16)
        # Yes, we mean BADVERS on the next line.  BADSIG and BADVERS have
        # the same code.
        self.assertEqual(rcode.name, "BADVERS")
        self.assertEqual(dns.rcode.to_text(rcode), "BADVERS")
        # In TSIG text mode, it should be BADSIG
>       self.assertEqual(dns.rcode.to_text(rcode, True), "BADSIG")
E       AssertionError: 'BADVERS' != 'BADSIG'
E       - BADVERS
E       + BADSIG

tests/test_flags.py:74: AssertionError

test_flags.py::FlagsTestCase::test_unknown_rcode

test_flags.py::FlagsTestCase::test_unknown_rcode

@classmethod
    def make(cls: Type[TIntEnum], value: Union[int, str]) ->TIntEnum:
        """Convert text or a value into an enumerated type, if possible.

        *value*, the ``int`` or ``str`` to convert.

        Raises a class-specific exception if a ``str`` is provided that
        cannot be converted.

        Raises ``ValueError`` if the value is out of range.

        Returns an enumeration from the calling class corresponding to the
        value, if one is defined, or an ``int`` otherwise.
        """
        if isinstance(value, str):
            try:
>               return cls[value.upper()]

dns/enum.py:24: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

cls = , name = 'BOGUS'

    def __getitem__(cls, name):
        """
        Return the member matching `name`.
        """
>       return cls._member_map_[name]
E       KeyError: 'BOGUS'

/root/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.12.6-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.12/enum.py:814: KeyError

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

self = 

    def test_unknown_rcode(self):
        with self.assertRaises(dns.rcode.UnknownRcode):
>           dns.rcode.Rcode.make("BOGUS")

tests/test_flags.py:78: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

    @classmethod
    def make(cls: Type[TIntEnum], value: Union[int, str]) ->TIntEnum:
        """Convert text or a value into an enumerated type, if possible.

        *value*, the ``int`` or ``str`` to convert.

        Raises a class-specific exception if a ``str`` is provided that
        cannot be converted.

        Raises ``ValueError`` if the value is out of range.

        Returns an enumeration from the calling class corresponding to the
        value, if one is defined, or an ``int`` otherwise.
        """
        if isinstance(value, str):
            try:
                return cls[value.upper()]
            except KeyError:
>               raise cls.UnknownValue(f"Unknown {cls.__name__}: {value}")
E               AttributeError: type object 'Rcode' has no attribute 'UnknownValue'

dns/enum.py:26: AttributeError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_aton3

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_aton3

text = '::10.0.0.1', ignore_scope = False

    def inet_aton(text: Union[str, bytes], ignore_scope: bool=False) ->bytes:
        """Convert an IPv6 address in text form to binary form.

        *text*, a ``str`` or ``bytes``, the IPv6 address in textual form.

        *ignore_scope*, a ``bool``.  If ``True``, a scope will be ignored.
        If ``False``, the default, it is an error for a scope to be present.

        Returns a ``bytes``.
        """
        if isinstance(text, bytes):
            text = text.decode()

        if '%' in text:
            if ignore_scope:
                text = text.split('%')[0]
            else:
                raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("IPv6 address with a scope")

        if '::' in text:
            left, right = text.split('::', 1)
            left_parts = left.split(':') if left else []
            right_parts = right.split(':') if right else []
            missing = 8 - (len(left_parts) + len(right_parts))
            parts = left_parts + ['0'] * missing + right_parts
        else:
            parts = text.split(':')

        if len(parts) != 8:
            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("Invalid IPv6 address")

        try:
>           return b''.join(int(part, 16).to_bytes(2, 'big') for part in parts)

dns/ipv6.py:88: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

.0 = 

>   return b''.join(int(part, 16).to_bytes(2, 'big') for part in parts)
E   ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 16: '10.0.0.1'

dns/ipv6.py:88: ValueError

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

self = 

    def test_aton3(self):
>       a = aton6("::10.0.0.1")

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:77: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

text = '::10.0.0.1', ignore_scope = False

    def inet_aton(text: Union[str, bytes], ignore_scope: bool=False) ->bytes:
        """Convert an IPv6 address in text form to binary form.

        *text*, a ``str`` or ``bytes``, the IPv6 address in textual form.

        *ignore_scope*, a ``bool``.  If ``True``, a scope will be ignored.
        If ``False``, the default, it is an error for a scope to be present.

        Returns a ``bytes``.
        """
        if isinstance(text, bytes):
            text = text.decode()

        if '%' in text:
            if ignore_scope:
                text = text.split('%')[0]
            else:
                raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("IPv6 address with a scope")

        if '::' in text:
            left, right = text.split('::', 1)
            left_parts = left.split(':') if left else []
            right_parts = right.split(':') if right else []
            missing = 8 - (len(left_parts) + len(right_parts))
            parts = left_parts + ['0'] * missing + right_parts
        else:
            parts = text.split(':')

        if len(parts) != 8:
            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("Invalid IPv6 address")

        try:
            return b''.join(int(part, 16).to_bytes(2, 'big') for part in parts)
        except ValueError:
>           raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("Invalid hexadecimal in IPv6 address")
E           dns.exception.SyntaxError: Invalid hexadecimal in IPv6 address

dns/ipv6.py:90: SyntaxError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_aton8

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_aton8

text = '::10.0.0.1', ignore_scope = False

    def inet_aton(text: Union[str, bytes], ignore_scope: bool=False) ->bytes:
        """Convert an IPv6 address in text form to binary form.

        *text*, a ``str`` or ``bytes``, the IPv6 address in textual form.

        *ignore_scope*, a ``bool``.  If ``True``, a scope will be ignored.
        If ``False``, the default, it is an error for a scope to be present.

        Returns a ``bytes``.
        """
        if isinstance(text, bytes):
            text = text.decode()

        if '%' in text:
            if ignore_scope:
                text = text.split('%')[0]
            else:
                raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("IPv6 address with a scope")

        if '::' in text:
            left, right = text.split('::', 1)
            left_parts = left.split(':') if left else []
            right_parts = right.split(':') if right else []
            missing = 8 - (len(left_parts) + len(right_parts))
            parts = left_parts + ['0'] * missing + right_parts
        else:
            parts = text.split(':')

        if len(parts) != 8:
            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("Invalid IPv6 address")

        try:
>           return b''.join(int(part, 16).to_bytes(2, 'big') for part in parts)

dns/ipv6.py:88: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

.0 = 

>   return b''.join(int(part, 16).to_bytes(2, 'big') for part in parts)
E   ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 16: '10.0.0.1'

dns/ipv6.py:88: ValueError

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

self = 

    def test_aton8(self):
>       a = aton6("::10.0.0.1")

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:121: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

text = '::10.0.0.1', ignore_scope = False

    def inet_aton(text: Union[str, bytes], ignore_scope: bool=False) ->bytes:
        """Convert an IPv6 address in text form to binary form.

        *text*, a ``str`` or ``bytes``, the IPv6 address in textual form.

        *ignore_scope*, a ``bool``.  If ``True``, a scope will be ignored.
        If ``False``, the default, it is an error for a scope to be present.

        Returns a ``bytes``.
        """
        if isinstance(text, bytes):
            text = text.decode()

        if '%' in text:
            if ignore_scope:
                text = text.split('%')[0]
            else:
                raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("IPv6 address with a scope")

        if '::' in text:
            left, right = text.split('::', 1)
            left_parts = left.split(':') if left else []
            right_parts = right.split(':') if right else []
            missing = 8 - (len(left_parts) + len(right_parts))
            parts = left_parts + ['0'] * missing + right_parts
        else:
            parts = text.split(':')

        if len(parts) != 8:
            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("Invalid IPv6 address")

        try:
            return b''.join(int(part, 16).to_bytes(2, 'big') for part in parts)
        except ValueError:
>           raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("Invalid hexadecimal in IPv6 address")
E           dns.exception.SyntaxError: Invalid hexadecimal in IPv6 address

dns/ipv6.py:90: SyntaxError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_bad_aton4

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_bad_aton4

self = 

    def test_bad_aton4(self):
        def bad():
            aton4("001.002.003.004")

>       self.assertRaises(dns.exception.SyntaxError, bad)
E       AssertionError: SyntaxError not raised by bad

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:110: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_bad_ntoa3

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_bad_ntoa3

self = 

    def test_bad_ntoa3(self):
        def bad():
            ntoa4(b"\x00" * 5)

        # Ideally we'd have been consistent and raised ValueError as
        # we do for IPv6, but oh well!
>       self.assertRaises(dns.exception.SyntaxError, bad)
E       AssertionError: SyntaxError not raised by bad

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:222: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_bad_v4_aton

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_bad_v4_aton

self = 

    def test_bad_v4_aton(self):
        def make_bad(a):
            def bad():
                return aton4(a)

            return bad

        for addr in v4_bad_addrs:
>           self.assertRaises(dns.exception.SyntaxError, make_bad(addr))
E           AssertionError: SyntaxError not raised by bad

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:244: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_inet_canonicalize

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_inet_canonicalize

self = 

    def test_inet_canonicalize(self):
        for address, expected in itertools.chain(
            v4_canonicalize_addrs, v6_canonicalize_addrs
        ):
>           self.assertEqual(dns.inet.canonicalize(address), expected)
E           AssertionError: '2001:0503:83eb::0030' != '2001:503:83eb::30'
E           - 2001:0503:83eb::0030
E           ?      -          --
E           + 2001:503:83eb::30

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:395: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ipv4_canonicalize

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ipv4_canonicalize

self = 

    def test_ipv4_canonicalize(self):
        for address, expected in v4_canonicalize_addrs:
            self.assertEqual(dns.ipv4.canonicalize(address), expected)
        for bad_address in bad_canonicalize_addrs:
>           self.assertRaises(
                dns.exception.SyntaxError, lambda: dns.ipv4.canonicalize(bad_address)
            )
E           AssertionError: SyntaxError not raised by 

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:379: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ipv6_canonicalize

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ipv6_canonicalize

self = 

    def test_ipv6_canonicalize(self):
        for address, expected in v6_canonicalize_addrs:
>           self.assertEqual(dns.ipv6.canonicalize(address), expected)
E           AssertionError: '2001:0503:83eb::0030' != '2001:503:83eb::30'
E           - 2001:0503:83eb::0030
E           ?      -          --
E           + 2001:503:83eb::30

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:385: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_is_mapped

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_is_mapped

text = '::ffff:127.0.0.1', ignore_scope = False

    def inet_aton(text: Union[str, bytes], ignore_scope: bool=False) ->bytes:
        """Convert an IPv6 address in text form to binary form.

        *text*, a ``str`` or ``bytes``, the IPv6 address in textual form.

        *ignore_scope*, a ``bool``.  If ``True``, a scope will be ignored.
        If ``False``, the default, it is an error for a scope to be present.

        Returns a ``bytes``.
        """
        if isinstance(text, bytes):
            text = text.decode()

        if '%' in text:
            if ignore_scope:
                text = text.split('%')[0]
            else:
                raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("IPv6 address with a scope")

        if '::' in text:
            left, right = text.split('::', 1)
            left_parts = left.split(':') if left else []
            right_parts = right.split(':') if right else []
            missing = 8 - (len(left_parts) + len(right_parts))
            parts = left_parts + ['0'] * missing + right_parts
        else:
            parts = text.split(':')

        if len(parts) != 8:
            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("Invalid IPv6 address")

        try:
>           return b''.join(int(part, 16).to_bytes(2, 'big') for part in parts)

dns/ipv6.py:88: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

.0 = 

>   return b''.join(int(part, 16).to_bytes(2, 'big') for part in parts)
E   ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 16: '127.0.0.1'

dns/ipv6.py:88: ValueError

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

self = 

    def test_is_mapped(self):
        t1 = "2001:db8:0:1:1:1:1:1"
        t2 = "::ffff:127.0.0.1"
        t3 = "1::ffff:127.0.0.1"
        self.assertFalse(dns.ipv6.is_mapped(aton6(t1)))
>       self.assertTrue(dns.ipv6.is_mapped(aton6(t2)))

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:271: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

text = '::ffff:127.0.0.1', ignore_scope = False

    def inet_aton(text: Union[str, bytes], ignore_scope: bool=False) ->bytes:
        """Convert an IPv6 address in text form to binary form.

        *text*, a ``str`` or ``bytes``, the IPv6 address in textual form.

        *ignore_scope*, a ``bool``.  If ``True``, a scope will be ignored.
        If ``False``, the default, it is an error for a scope to be present.

        Returns a ``bytes``.
        """
        if isinstance(text, bytes):
            text = text.decode()

        if '%' in text:
            if ignore_scope:
                text = text.split('%')[0]
            else:
                raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("IPv6 address with a scope")

        if '::' in text:
            left, right = text.split('::', 1)
            left_parts = left.split(':') if left else []
            right_parts = right.split(':') if right else []
            missing = 8 - (len(left_parts) + len(right_parts))
            parts = left_parts + ['0'] * missing + right_parts
        else:
            parts = text.split(':')

        if len(parts) != 8:
            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("Invalid IPv6 address")

        try:
            return b''.join(int(part, 16).to_bytes(2, 'big') for part in parts)
        except ValueError:
>           raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("Invalid hexadecimal in IPv6 address")
E           dns.exception.SyntaxError: Invalid hexadecimal in IPv6 address

dns/ipv6.py:90: SyntaxError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_low_level_address_tuple

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_low_level_address_tuple

self = 

    def test_low_level_address_tuple(self):
        t = dns.inet.low_level_address_tuple(("1.2.3.4", 53))
        self.assertEqual(t, ("1.2.3.4", 53))
        t = dns.inet.low_level_address_tuple(("2600::1", 53))
        self.assertEqual(t, ("2600::1", 53, 0, 0))
        t = dns.inet.low_level_address_tuple(("1.2.3.4", 53), socket.AF_INET)
        self.assertEqual(t, ("1.2.3.4", 53))
        t = dns.inet.low_level_address_tuple(("2600::1", 53), socket.AF_INET6)
        self.assertEqual(t, ("2600::1", 53, 0, 0))
        t = dns.inet.low_level_address_tuple(("fd80::1%2", 53), socket.AF_INET6)
>       self.assertEqual(t, ("fd80::1", 53, 0, 2))
E       AssertionError: Tuples differ: ('fd80::1%2', 53, 0, 0) != ('fd80::1', 53, 0, 2)
E       
E       First differing element 0:
E       'fd80::1%2'
E       'fd80::1'
E       
E       - ('fd80::1%2', 53, 0, 0)
E       ?          --          ^
E       
E       + ('fd80::1', 53, 0, 2)
E       ?                    ^

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:341: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_multiple_scopes_bad

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_multiple_scopes_bad

self = 

    def test_multiple_scopes_bad(self):
        def bad():
            t1 = "fe80::1%lo0%lo1"
            aton6(t1, True)

>       self.assertRaises(dns.exception.SyntaxError, bad)
E       AssertionError: SyntaxError not raised by bad

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:311: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa1

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa1

self = 

    def test_ntoa1(self):
        b = binascii.unhexlify(b"00010002000300040005000600070008")
        t = ntoa6(b)
>       self.assertEqual(t, "1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8")
E       AssertionError: '0001:0002:0003:0004:0005:0006:0007:0008' != '1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8'
E       - 0001:0002:0003:0004:0005:0006:0007:0008
E       + 1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:131: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa10

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa10

self = 

    def test_ntoa10(self):
        b = binascii.unhexlify(b"0000000000000000000000010a000001")
        t = ntoa6(b)
>       self.assertEqual(t, "::1:a00:1")
E       AssertionError: '::0001:0a00:0001' != '::1:a00:1'
E       - ::0001:0a00:0001
E       + ::1:a00:1

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:176: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa11

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa11

self = 

    def test_ntoa11(self):
        b = binascii.unhexlify(b"00000000000000000000ffff0a000001")
        t = ntoa6(b)
>       self.assertEqual(t, "::ffff:10.0.0.1")
E       AssertionError: '::ffff:0a00:0001' != '::ffff:10.0.0.1'
E       - ::ffff:0a00:0001
E       + ::ffff:10.0.0.1

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:181: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa12

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa12

self = 

    def test_ntoa12(self):
        b = binascii.unhexlify(b"000000000000000000000000ffffffff")
        t = ntoa6(b)
>       self.assertEqual(t, "::255.255.255.255")
E       AssertionError: '::ffff:ffff' != '::255.255.255.255'
E       - ::ffff:ffff
E       + ::255.255.255.255

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:186: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa13

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa13

self = 

    def test_ntoa13(self):
        b = binascii.unhexlify(b"00000000000000000000ffffffffffff")
        t = ntoa6(b)
>       self.assertEqual(t, "::ffff:255.255.255.255")
E       AssertionError: '::ffff:ffff:ffff' != '::ffff:255.255.255.255'
E       - ::ffff:ffff:ffff
E       + ::ffff:255.255.255.255

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:191: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa14

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa14

self = 

    def test_ntoa14(self):
        b = binascii.unhexlify(b"0000000000000000000000000001ffff")
        t = ntoa6(b)
>       self.assertEqual(t, "::0.1.255.255")
E       AssertionError: '::0001:ffff' != '::0.1.255.255'
E       - ::0001:ffff
E       + ::0.1.255.255

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:196: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa15

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa15

self = 

    def test_ntoa15(self):
        # This exercises the current_len > best_len branch in the <= case.
        b = binascii.unhexlify(b"0000ffff00000000ffff00000000ffff")
        t = ntoa6(b)
>       self.assertEqual(t, "0:ffff::ffff:0:0:ffff")
E       AssertionError: '0000:ffff::ffff:0000:0000:ffff' != '0:ffff::ffff:0:0:ffff'
E       - 0000:ffff::ffff:0000:0000:ffff
E       ? ---              --- ---
E       + 0:ffff::ffff:0:0:ffff

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:202: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa2

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa2

self = 

    def test_ntoa2(self):
        b = b"\x00" * 16
        t = ntoa6(b)
>       self.assertEqual(t, "::")
E       AssertionError: '' != '::'
E       + ::

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:136: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa3

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa3

self = 

    def test_ntoa3(self):
        b = b"\x00" * 15 + b"\x01"
        t = ntoa6(b)
>       self.assertEqual(t, "::1")
E       AssertionError: '::0001' != '::1'
E       - ::0001
E       + ::1

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:141: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa5

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa5

self = 

    def test_ntoa5(self):
        b = b"\x01\xcd" + b"\x00" * 12 + b"\x03\xef"
        t = ntoa6(b)
>       self.assertEqual(t, "1cd::3ef")
E       AssertionError: '01cd::03ef' != '1cd::3ef'
E       - 01cd::03ef
E       ? -     -
E       + 1cd::3ef

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:151: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa6

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa6

self = 

    def test_ntoa6(self):
        b = binascii.unhexlify(b"ffff00000000ffff000000000000ffff")
        t = ntoa6(b)
>       self.assertEqual(t, "ffff:0:0:ffff::ffff")
E       AssertionError: 'ffff:0000:0000:ffff::ffff' != 'ffff:0:0:ffff::ffff'
E       - ffff:0000:0000:ffff::ffff
E       ?       --- ---
E       + ffff:0:0:ffff::ffff

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:156: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa7

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa7

self = 

    def test_ntoa7(self):
        b = binascii.unhexlify(b"00000000ffff000000000000ffffffff")
        t = ntoa6(b)
>       self.assertEqual(t, "0:0:ffff::ffff:ffff")
E       AssertionError: '0000:0000:ffff::ffff:ffff' != '0:0:ffff::ffff:ffff'
E       - 0000:0000:ffff::ffff:ffff
E       ? ---  ---
E       + 0:0:ffff::ffff:ffff

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:161: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa8

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa8

self = 

    def test_ntoa8(self):
        b = binascii.unhexlify(b"ffff0000ffff00000000ffff00000000")
        t = ntoa6(b)
>       self.assertEqual(t, "ffff:0:ffff::ffff:0:0")
E       AssertionError: 'ffff:0000:ffff::ffff:0000:0000' != 'ffff:0:ffff::ffff:0:0'
E       - ffff:0000:ffff::ffff:0000:0000
E       ?      ---              ---  ---
E       + ffff:0:ffff::ffff:0:0

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:166: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa9

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ntoa9

self = 

    def test_ntoa9(self):
        b = binascii.unhexlify(b"0000000000000000000000000a000001")
        t = ntoa6(b)
>       self.assertEqual(t, "::10.0.0.1")
E       AssertionError: '::0a00:0001' != '::10.0.0.1'
E       - ::0a00:0001
E       + ::10.0.0.1

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:171: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ptontop

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_ptontop

self = 

    def test_ptontop(self):
        for af, a in [
            (socket.AF_INET, "1.2.3.4"),
            (socket.AF_INET6, "2001:db8:0:1:1:1:1:1"),
        ]:
>           self.assertEqual(dns.inet.inet_ntop(af, dns.inet.inet_pton(af, a)), a)
E           AssertionError: '2001:0db8:0000:0001:0001:0001:0001:0001' != '2001:db8:0:1:1:1:1:1'
E           - 2001:0db8:0000:0001:0001:0001:0001:0001
E           + 2001:db8:0:1:1:1:1:1

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:318: AssertionError

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_rfc5952_section_4_2_2

test_ntoaaton.py::NtoAAtoNTestCase::test_rfc5952_section_4_2_2

self = 

    def test_rfc5952_section_4_2_2(self):
        addr = "2001:db8:0:1:1:1:1:1"
        b1 = aton6(addr)
        t1 = ntoa6(b1)
>       self.assertEqual(t1, addr)
E       AssertionError: '2001:0db8:0000:0001:0001:0001:0001:0001' != '2001:db8:0:1:1:1:1:1'
E       - 2001:0db8:0000:0001:0001:0001:0001:0001
E       + 2001:db8:0:1:1:1:1:1

tests/test_ntoaaton.py:264: AssertionError

test_rdtypeandclass.py::RdTypeAndClassTestCase::test_class_bytext_bounds1

test_rdtypeandclass.py::RdTypeAndClassTestCase::test_class_bytext_bounds1

self = 

    def test_class_bytext_bounds1(self):
        self.assertEqual(dns.rdataclass.from_text("CLASS0"), 0)
>       self.assertEqual(dns.rdataclass.from_text("CLASS65535"), 65535)

tests/test_rdtypeandclass.py:41: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

text = 'CLASS65535'

    def from_text(text: str) ->RdataClass:
        """Convert text into a DNS rdata class value.

        The input text can be a defined DNS RR class mnemonic or
        instance of the DNS generic class syntax.

        For example, "IN" and "CLASS1" will both result in a value of 1.

        Raises ``dns.rdatatype.UnknownRdataclass`` if the class is unknown.

        Raises ``ValueError`` if the rdata class value is not >= 0 and <= 65535.

        Returns a ``dns.rdataclass.RdataClass``.
        """
        text = text.upper()
        try:
            return RdataClass[text]
        except KeyError:
            if text.startswith('CLASS'):
                try:
                    value = int(text[5:])
                    if 0 <= value <= 65535:
                        return RdataClass(value)
                    else:
                        raise ValueError("DNS rdata class must be between 0 and 65535")
                except ValueError:
                    pass
>       raise UnknownRdataclass(f"Unknown DNS class: {text}")
E       dns.rdataclass.UnknownRdataclass: Unknown DNS class: CLASS65535

dns/rdataclass.py:53: UnknownRdataclass

test_rdtypeandclass.py::RdTypeAndClassTestCase::test_class_bytext_bounds2

test_rdtypeandclass.py::RdTypeAndClassTestCase::test_class_bytext_bounds2

self = 

    def test_class_bytext_bounds2(self):
        def bad():
            dns.rdataclass.from_text("CLASS65536")

>       self.assertRaises(ValueError, bad)

tests/test_rdtypeandclass.py:47: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
tests/test_rdtypeandclass.py:45: in bad
    dns.rdataclass.from_text("CLASS65536")
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

    def from_text(text: str) ->RdataClass:
        """Convert text into a DNS rdata class value.

        The input text can be a defined DNS RR class mnemonic or
        instance of the DNS generic class syntax.

        For example, "IN" and "CLASS1" will both result in a value of 1.

        Raises ``dns.rdatatype.UnknownRdataclass`` if the class is unknown.

        Raises ``ValueError`` if the rdata class value is not >= 0 and <= 65535.

        Returns a ``dns.rdataclass.RdataClass``.
        """
        text = text.upper()
        try:
            return RdataClass[text]
        except KeyError:
            if text.startswith('CLASS'):
                try:
                    value = int(text[5:])
                    if 0 <= value <= 65535:
                        return RdataClass(value)
                    else:
                        raise ValueError("DNS rdata class must be between 0 and 65535")
                except ValueError:
                    pass
>       raise UnknownRdataclass(f"Unknown DNS class: {text}")
E       dns.rdataclass.UnknownRdataclass: Unknown DNS class: CLASS65536

dns/rdataclass.py:53: UnknownRdataclass

test_rdtypeandclass.py::RdTypeAndClassTestCase::test_type_bytext_bounds1

test_rdtypeandclass.py::RdTypeAndClassTestCase::test_type_bytext_bounds1

text = 'TYPE65535'

    def from_text(text: str) ->RdataType:
        """Convert text into a DNS rdata type value.

        The input text can be a defined DNS RR type mnemonic or
        instance of the DNS generic type syntax.

        For example, "NS" and "TYPE2" will both result in a value of 2.

        Raises ``dns.rdatatype.UnknownRdatatype`` if the type is unknown.

        Raises ``ValueError`` if the rdata type value is not >= 0 and <= 65535.

        Returns a ``dns.rdatatype.RdataType``.
        """
        text = text.upper()
        if text.startswith('TYPE'):
            try:
                value = int(text[4:])
                if 0 <= value <= 65535:
>                   return RdataType(value)

dns/rdatatype.py:122: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
/root/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.12.6-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.12/enum.py:757: in __call__
    return cls.__new__(cls, value)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

cls = , value = 65535

    def __new__(cls, value):
        # all enum instances are actually created during class construction
        # without calling this method; this method is called by the metaclass'
        # __call__ (i.e. Color(3) ), and by pickle
        if type(value) is cls:
            # For lookups like Color(Color.RED)
            return value
        # by-value search for a matching enum member
        # see if it's in the reverse mapping (for hashable values)
        try:
            return cls._value2member_map_[value]
        except KeyError:
            # Not found, no need to do long O(n) search
            pass
        except TypeError:
            # not there, now do long search -- O(n) behavior
            for member in cls._member_map_.values():
                if member._value_ == value:
                    return member
        # still not found -- verify that members exist, in-case somebody got here mistakenly
        # (such as via super when trying to override __new__)
        if not cls._member_map_:
            raise TypeError("%r has no members defined" % cls)
        #
        # still not found -- try _missing_ hook
        try:
            exc = None
            result = cls._missing_(value)
        except Exception as e:
            exc = e
            result = None
        try:
            if isinstance(result, cls):
                return result
            elif (
                    Flag is not None and issubclass(cls, Flag)
                    and cls._boundary_ is EJECT and isinstance(result, int)
                ):
                return result
            else:
                ve_exc = ValueError("%r is not a valid %s" % (value, cls.__qualname__))
                if result is None and exc is None:
>                   raise ve_exc
E                   ValueError: 65535 is not a valid RdataType

/root/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.12.6-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.12/enum.py:1171: ValueError

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

self = 

    def test_type_bytext_bounds1(self):
        self.assertEqual(dns.rdatatype.from_text("TYPE0"), 0)
>       self.assertEqual(dns.rdatatype.from_text("TYPE65535"), 65535)

tests/test_rdtypeandclass.py:98: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

text = 'TYPE65535'

    def from_text(text: str) ->RdataType:
        """Convert text into a DNS rdata type value.

        The input text can be a defined DNS RR type mnemonic or
        instance of the DNS generic type syntax.

        For example, "NS" and "TYPE2" will both result in a value of 2.

        Raises ``dns.rdatatype.UnknownRdatatype`` if the type is unknown.

        Raises ``ValueError`` if the rdata type value is not >= 0 and <= 65535.

        Returns a ``dns.rdatatype.RdataType``.
        """
        text = text.upper()
        if text.startswith('TYPE'):
            try:
                value = int(text[4:])
                if 0 <= value <= 65535:
                    return RdataType(value)
                else:
                    raise ValueError("Rdata type value must be between 0 and 65535")
            except ValueError:
>               raise UnknownRdatatype(f"Unknown rdatatype: {text}")
E               dns.rdatatype.UnknownRdatatype: Unknown rdatatype: TYPE65535

dns/rdatatype.py:126: UnknownRdatatype

test_rdtypeandclass.py::RdTypeAndClassTestCase::test_type_bytext_bounds2

test_rdtypeandclass.py::RdTypeAndClassTestCase::test_type_bytext_bounds2

def from_text(text: str) ->RdataType:
        """Convert text into a DNS rdata type value.

        The input text can be a defined DNS RR type mnemonic or
        instance of the DNS generic type syntax.

        For example, "NS" and "TYPE2" will both result in a value of 2.

        Raises ``dns.rdatatype.UnknownRdatatype`` if the type is unknown.

        Raises ``ValueError`` if the rdata type value is not >= 0 and <= 65535.

        Returns a ``dns.rdatatype.RdataType``.
        """
        text = text.upper()
        if text.startswith('TYPE'):
            try:
                value = int(text[4:])
                if 0 <= value <= 65535:
                    return RdataType(value)
                else:
>                   raise ValueError("Rdata type value must be between 0 and 65535")
E                   ValueError: Rdata type value must be between 0 and 65535

dns/rdatatype.py:124: ValueError

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

self = 

    def test_type_bytext_bounds2(self):
        def bad():
            dns.rdatatype.from_text("TYPE65536")

>       self.assertRaises(ValueError, bad)

tests/test_rdtypeandclass.py:104: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
tests/test_rdtypeandclass.py:102: in bad
    dns.rdatatype.from_text("TYPE65536")
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

    def from_text(text: str) ->RdataType:
        """Convert text into a DNS rdata type value.

        The input text can be a defined DNS RR type mnemonic or
        instance of the DNS generic type syntax.

        For example, "NS" and "TYPE2" will both result in a value of 2.

        Raises ``dns.rdatatype.UnknownRdatatype`` if the type is unknown.

        Raises ``ValueError`` if the rdata type value is not >= 0 and <= 65535.

        Returns a ``dns.rdatatype.RdataType``.
        """
        text = text.upper()
        if text.startswith('TYPE'):
            try:
                value = int(text[4:])
                if 0 <= value <= 65535:
                    return RdataType(value)
                else:
                    raise ValueError("Rdata type value must be between 0 and 65535")
            except ValueError:
>               raise UnknownRdatatype(f"Unknown rdatatype: {text}")
E               dns.rdatatype.UnknownRdatatype: Unknown rdatatype: TYPE65536

dns/rdatatype.py:126: UnknownRdatatype

test_rdtypeandclass.py::RdTypeAndClassTestCase::test_type_totext1

test_rdtypeandclass.py::RdTypeAndClassTestCase::test_type_totext1

self = 

    def test_type_totext1(self):
>       self.assertEqual(dns.rdatatype.to_text(dns.rdatatype.A), "A")
E       AssertionError: 'TYPE1' != 'A'
E       - TYPE1
E       + A

tests/test_rdtypeandclass.py:113: AssertionError

test_rdtypeandclass.py::RdTypeAndClassTestCase::test_type_totext2

test_rdtypeandclass.py::RdTypeAndClassTestCase::test_type_totext2

self = 

    def test_type_totext2(self):
>       self.assertEqual(dns.rdatatype.to_text(999), "TYPE999")

tests/test_rdtypeandclass.py:116: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
dns/rdatatype.py:145: in to_text
    value = RdataType(value)
/root/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.12.6-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.12/enum.py:757: in __call__
    return cls.__new__(cls, value)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

cls = , value = 999

    def __new__(cls, value):
        # all enum instances are actually created during class construction
        # without calling this method; this method is called by the metaclass'
        # __call__ (i.e. Color(3) ), and by pickle
        if type(value) is cls:
            # For lookups like Color(Color.RED)
            return value
        # by-value search for a matching enum member
        # see if it's in the reverse mapping (for hashable values)
        try:
            return cls._value2member_map_[value]
        except KeyError:
            # Not found, no need to do long O(n) search
            pass
        except TypeError:
            # not there, now do long search -- O(n) behavior
            for member in cls._member_map_.values():
                if member._value_ == value:
                    return member
        # still not found -- verify that members exist, in-case somebody got here mistakenly
        # (such as via super when trying to override __new__)
        if not cls._member_map_:
            raise TypeError("%r has no members defined" % cls)
        #
        # still not found -- try _missing_ hook
        try:
            exc = None
            result = cls._missing_(value)
        except Exception as e:
            exc = e
            result = None
        try:
            if isinstance(result, cls):
                return result
            elif (
                    Flag is not None and issubclass(cls, Flag)
                    and cls._boundary_ is EJECT and isinstance(result, int)
                ):
                return result
            else:
                ve_exc = ValueError("%r is not a valid %s" % (value, cls.__qualname__))
                if result is None and exc is None:
>                   raise ve_exc
E                   ValueError: 999 is not a valid RdataType

/root/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.12.6-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.12/enum.py:1171: ValueError

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testBadDisjoint

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testBadDisjoint

self = 

    def testBadDisjoint(self):
        s = S([1, 2, 3])
>       self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: s.isdisjoint(123))

tests/test_set.py:324: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

>   self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: s.isdisjoint(123))
E   AttributeError: 'Set' object has no attribute 'isdisjoint'

tests/test_set.py:324: AttributeError

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testBadSubsetSuperset

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testBadSubsetSuperset

self = 

    def testBadSubsetSuperset(self):
        s = S([1, 2, 3])
>       self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: s.issubset(123))

tests/test_set.py:319: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
tests/test_set.py:319: in 
    self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: s.issubset(123))
dns/set.py:215: in issubset
    return all(item in other for item in self.items)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

>   return all(item in other for item in self.items)
E   TypeError: argument of type 'int' is not iterable

dns/set.py:215: TypeError

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testBadUpdates

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testBadUpdates

self = 

    def testBadUpdates(self):
        s = S([1, 2, 3])
>       self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: s.union_update(1))

tests/test_set.py:302: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
tests/test_set.py:302: in 
    self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: s.union_update(1))
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

    def union_update(self, other):
        """Update the set, adding any elements from other which are not
        already in the set.
        """
>       for item in other:
E       TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable

dns/set.py:73: TypeError

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testDisjoint1

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testDisjoint1

self = 

    def testDisjoint1(self):
        s1 = S([1, 2, 3])
        s2 = S([4])
>       self.assertTrue(s1.isdisjoint(s2))
E       AttributeError: 'Set' object has no attribute 'isdisjoint'

tests/test_set.py:210: AttributeError

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testDisjoint2

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testDisjoint2

self = 

    def testDisjoint2(self):
        s1 = S([1, 2, 3])
        s2 = S([2, 4])
>       self.assertTrue(not s1.isdisjoint(s2))
E       AttributeError: 'Set' object has no attribute 'isdisjoint'

tests/test_set.py:215: AttributeError

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testDisjoint3

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testDisjoint3

self = 

    def testDisjoint3(self):
        s1 = S([1, 2, 3])
        s2 = S([])
>       self.assertTrue(s1.isdisjoint(s2))
E       AttributeError: 'Set' object has no attribute 'isdisjoint'

tests/test_set.py:220: AttributeError

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testRemoveNonexistent

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testRemoveNonexistent

self = 

    def testRemoveNonexistent(self):
        s1 = S([1, 2, 3])
        s2 = S([1, 2, 3])
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
>           s1.remove(4)

tests/test_set.py:281: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

    def remove(self, item):
        """Remove an item from the set."""
>       del self.items[item]
E       KeyError: 4

dns/set.py:33: KeyError

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testSelfUpdates

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testSelfUpdates

self = 

    def testSelfUpdates(self):
        expected = S([1, 2, 3])
        s = S([1, 2, 3])
        s.union_update(s)
        self.assertEqual(s, expected)
        s.intersection_update(s)
        self.assertEqual(s, expected)
>       s.difference_update(s)

tests/test_set.py:314: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

self = dns.set.Set([2, 3]), other = dns.set.Set([2, 3])

    def difference_update(self, other):
        """Update the set, removing any elements from other which are in
        the set.
        """
>       for item in other:
E       RuntimeError: dictionary changed size during iteration

dns/set.py:86: RuntimeError

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testSymmetricDifference3

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testSymmetricDifference3

self = 

    def testSymmetricDifference3(self):
        s1 = S([1, 2, 3])
        s2 = S([3, 2])
        e = S([1])
>       self.assertEqual(s1 ^ s2, e)
E       AssertionError: dns.set.Set([2, 3, 1]) != dns.set.Set([1])

tests/test_set.py:128: AssertionError

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testSymmetricDifference4

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testSymmetricDifference4

self = 

    def testSymmetricDifference4(self):
        s1 = S([1, 2, 3])
        s2 = S([3, 2, 1])
        e = S([])
>       self.assertEqual(s1 ^ s2, e)
E       AssertionError: dns.set.Set([1, 2, 3]) != dns.set.Set([])

tests/test_set.py:134: AssertionError

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testSymmetricDifference5

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testSymmetricDifference5

self = 

    def testSymmetricDifference5(self):
        s1 = S([1, 2, 3])
        s2 = S([2, 4])
        s1 ^= s2
        e = S([1, 3, 4])
>       self.assertEqual(s1, e)
E       AssertionError: dns.set.Set([2, 1, 3, 4]) != dns.set.Set([1, 3, 4])

tests/test_set.py:141: AssertionError

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testSymmetricDifference6

test_set.py::SetTestCase::testSymmetricDifference6

self = 

    def testSymmetricDifference6(self):
        s1 = S([1, 2, 3])
        s1 ^= s1
        e = S([])
>       self.assertEqual(s1, e)
E       AssertionError: dns.set.Set([1, 2, 3]) != dns.set.Set([])

tests/test_set.py:147: AssertionError

test_ttl.py::TTLTestCase::test_bind_style_no_unit

test_ttl.py::TTLTestCase::test_bind_style_no_unit

self = 

    def test_bind_style_no_unit(self):
>       with self.assertRaises(dns.ttl.BadTTL):
E       AssertionError: BadTTL not raised

tests/test_ttl.py:23: AssertionError

Patch diff

diff --git a/dns/_asyncbackend.py b/dns/_asyncbackend.py
index eba0ba6..23633ba 100644
--- a/dns/_asyncbackend.py
+++ b/dns/_asyncbackend.py
@@ -30,14 +30,41 @@ class DatagramSocket(Socket):
     def __init__(self, family: int):
         self.family = family

+    async def sendto(self, data: bytes, address: tuple) -> int:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def recvfrom(self, size: int) -> tuple:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def close(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+

 class StreamSocket(Socket):
-    pass
+    async def connect(self, address: tuple) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def sendall(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def recv(self, size: int) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    async def close(self) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError


 class NullTransport:
-    pass
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass


 class Backend:
-    pass
+    async def make_socket(self, af: int, socktype: int, proto: int = 0, source: tuple = None) -> Socket:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def datagram_connection_required(self) -> bool:
+        return False
+
+    async def sleep(self, interval: float) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
diff --git a/dns/_asyncio_backend.py b/dns/_asyncio_backend.py
index 6b61355..9b9806d 100644
--- a/dns/_asyncio_backend.py
+++ b/dns/_asyncio_backend.py
@@ -23,6 +23,19 @@ class DatagramSocket(dns._asyncbackend.DatagramSocket):
         self.transport = transport
         self.protocol = protocol

+    async def sendto(self, what, destination, timeout):
+        self.transport.sendto(what, destination)
+
+    async def recvfrom(self, size, timeout):
+        self.protocol.recvfrom = asyncio.Future()
+        try:
+            return await asyncio.wait_for(self.protocol.recvfrom, timeout)
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            raise dns.exception.Timeout
+
+    async def close(self):
+        self.transport.close()
+

 class StreamSocket(dns._asyncbackend.StreamSocket):

@@ -31,6 +44,20 @@ class StreamSocket(dns._asyncbackend.StreamSocket):
         self.reader = reader
         self.writer = writer

+    async def sendall(self, what, timeout):
+        self.writer.write(what)
+        await asyncio.wait_for(self.writer.drain(), timeout)
+
+    async def recv(self, size, timeout):
+        try:
+            return await asyncio.wait_for(self.reader.read(size), timeout)
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            raise dns.exception.Timeout
+
+    async def close(self):
+        self.writer.close()
+        await self.writer.wait_closed()
+

 if dns._features.have('doh'):
     import anyio
@@ -71,4 +98,39 @@ else:


 class Backend(dns._asyncbackend.Backend):
-    pass
+    async def make_socket(self, af, socktype, proto=0, source=None, destination=None,
+                          timeout=None, ssl_context=None, server_hostname=None):
+        if socktype == socket.SOCK_DGRAM:
+            transport, protocol = await asyncio.get_event_loop().create_datagram_endpoint(
+                lambda: _DatagramProtocol(),
+                local_addr=source,
+                remote_addr=destination,
+                family=af,
+                proto=proto
+            )
+            return DatagramSocket(af, transport, protocol)
+        elif socktype == socket.SOCK_STREAM:
+            if destination is None:
+                raise ValueError("destination required for stream sockets")
+            host, port = destination
+            if timeout is not None:
+                reader, writer = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                    asyncio.open_connection(host, port, ssl=ssl_context, 
+                                            server_hostname=server_hostname),
+                    timeout
+                )
+            else:
+                reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection(host, port, ssl=ssl_context, 
+                                                               server_hostname=server_hostname)
+            return StreamSocket(af, reader, writer)
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"unsupported socket type {socktype}")
+
+    async def sleep(self, interval):
+        await asyncio.sleep(interval)
+
+    def datagram_connection_required(self):
+        return not _is_win32
+
+    def get_transport_class(self):
+        return _HTTPTransport
diff --git a/dns/_ddr.py b/dns/_ddr.py
index f03d10e..30b99af 100644
--- a/dns/_ddr.py
+++ b/dns/_ddr.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import socket
+import ssl
 import time
+import asyncio
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 import dns.asyncbackend
 import dns.inet
@@ -20,16 +22,96 @@ class _SVCBInfo:

     def ddr_check_certificate(self, cert):
         """Verify that the _SVCBInfo's address is in the cert's subjectAltName (SAN)"""
-        pass
+        if not hasattr(cert, 'get_subject_alt_name'):
+            return False
+        
+        sans = cert.get_subject_alt_name()
+        if sans is None:
+            return False
+        
+        for san_type, san_value in sans:
+            if san_type == 'DNS' and san_value == self.hostname:
+                return True
+            if san_type == 'IP Address' and san_value == self.bootstrap_address:
+                return True
+        
+        return False


 def _get_nameservers_sync(answer, lifetime):
     """Return a list of TLS-validated resolver nameservers extracted from an SVCB
     answer."""
-    pass
+    nameservers = []
+    start_time = time.time()
+
+    for rrset in answer.answer:
+        for rr in rrset:
+            if isinstance(rr, dns.rdtypes.svcbbase.SVCBBase):
+                svcb_info = _SVCBInfo(
+                    bootstrap_address=rr.target.to_text(),
+                    port=rr.port,
+                    hostname=rr.target.to_text(),
+                    nameservers=[]
+                )
+
+                try:
+                    context = ssl.create_default_context()
+                    with socket.create_connection((svcb_info.bootstrap_address, svcb_info.port), timeout=lifetime) as sock:
+                        with context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=svcb_info.hostname) as secure_sock:
+                            cert = secure_sock.getpeercert()
+                            if svcb_info.ddr_check_certificate(cert):
+                                nameservers.append((svcb_info.bootstrap_address, svcb_info.port))
+                except (socket.error, ssl.SSLError):
+                    pass
+
+            if time.time() - start_time > lifetime:
+                break
+
+        if time.time() - start_time > lifetime:
+            break
+
+    return nameservers


 async def _get_nameservers_async(answer, lifetime):
     """Return a list of TLS-validated resolver nameservers extracted from an SVCB
     answer."""
-    pass
+    nameservers = []
+    start_time = time.time()
+
+    for rrset in answer.answer:
+        for rr in rrset:
+            if isinstance(rr, dns.rdtypes.svcbbase.SVCBBase):
+                svcb_info = _SVCBInfo(
+                    bootstrap_address=rr.target.to_text(),
+                    port=rr.port,
+                    hostname=rr.target.to_text(),
+                    nameservers=[]
+                )
+
+                try:
+                    context = ssl.create_default_context()
+                    reader, writer = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                        asyncio.open_connection(svcb_info.bootstrap_address, svcb_info.port),
+                        timeout=lifetime
+                    )
+                    transport = writer.transport
+                    protocol = transport.get_protocol()
+                    ssl_context = await protocol._make_ssl_transport(
+                        transport, protocol, context, svcb_info.hostname, server_side=False
+                    )
+                    cert = ssl_context.getpeercert()
+                    if svcb_info.ddr_check_certificate(cert):
+                        nameservers.append((svcb_info.bootstrap_address, svcb_info.port))
+                    writer.close()
+                    await writer.wait_closed()
+                except (asyncio.TimeoutError, ssl.SSLError):
+                    pass
+
+            if time.time() - start_time > lifetime:
+                break
+
+        if time.time() - start_time > lifetime:
+            break
+
+    return nameservers
diff --git a/dns/_features.py b/dns/_features.py
index bb537c8..db73539 100644
--- a/dns/_features.py
+++ b/dns/_features.py
@@ -11,7 +11,12 @@ def _version_check(requirement: str) ->bool:

         package>=version
     """
-    pass
+    package, version = requirement.split('>=')
+    try:
+        installed_version = importlib.metadata.version(package)
+        return installed_version >= version
+    except importlib.metadata.PackageNotFoundError:
+        return False


 _cache: Dict[str, bool] = {}
@@ -27,7 +32,15 @@ def have(feature: str) ->bool:
     and ``False`` if it is not or if metadata is
     missing.
     """
-    pass
+    if feature in _cache:
+        return _cache[feature]
+    
+    if feature not in _requirements:
+        return False
+    
+    result = all(_version_check(req) for req in _requirements[feature])
+    _cache[feature] = result
+    return result


 def force(feature: str, enabled: bool) ->None:
@@ -36,7 +49,7 @@ def force(feature: str, enabled: bool) ->None:
     This method is provided as a workaround for any cases
     where importlib.metadata is ineffective, or for testing.
     """
-    pass
+    _cache[feature] = enabled


 _requirements: Dict[str, List[str]] = {'dnssec': ['cryptography>=41'],
diff --git a/dns/_trio_backend.py b/dns/_trio_backend.py
index 52268ee..73e97f4 100644
--- a/dns/_trio_backend.py
+++ b/dns/_trio_backend.py
@@ -17,6 +17,34 @@ class DatagramSocket(dns._asyncbackend.DatagramSocket):
         super().__init__(socket.family)
         self.socket = socket

+    async def sendto(self, what, destination, timeout):
+        """Send a datagram to the specified destination."""
+        try:
+            with trio.move_on_after(timeout):
+                return await self.socket.sendto(what, destination)
+        except trio.TooSlowError:
+            raise dns.exception.Timeout(timeout=timeout)
+
+    async def recvfrom(self, size, timeout):
+        """Receive a datagram."""
+        try:
+            with trio.move_on_after(timeout):
+                return await self.socket.recvfrom(size)
+        except trio.TooSlowError:
+            raise dns.exception.Timeout(timeout=timeout)
+
+    async def close(self):
+        """Close the socket."""
+        self.socket.close()
+
+    async def getpeername(self):
+        """Get the remote address to which the socket is connected."""
+        return self.socket.getpeername()
+
+    async def getsockname(self):
+        """Get the socket's own address."""
+        return self.socket.getsockname()
+

 class StreamSocket(dns._asyncbackend.StreamSocket):

@@ -25,6 +53,34 @@ class StreamSocket(dns._asyncbackend.StreamSocket):
         self.stream = stream
         self.tls = tls

+    async def sendall(self, what, timeout):
+        """Send the entire contents of the datagram."""
+        try:
+            with trio.move_on_after(timeout):
+                return await self.stream.send_all(what)
+        except trio.TooSlowError:
+            raise dns.exception.Timeout(timeout=timeout)
+
+    async def recv(self, size, timeout):
+        """Receive data from the stream."""
+        try:
+            with trio.move_on_after(timeout):
+                return await self.stream.receive_some(size)
+        except trio.TooSlowError:
+            raise dns.exception.Timeout(timeout=timeout)
+
+    async def close(self):
+        """Close the stream."""
+        await self.stream.aclose()
+
+    async def getpeername(self):
+        """Get the remote address to which the socket is connected."""
+        return self.stream.socket.getpeername()
+
+    async def getsockname(self):
+        """Get the socket's own address."""
+        return self.stream.socket.getsockname()
+

 if dns._features.have('doh'):
     import httpcore
@@ -60,4 +116,48 @@ else:


 class Backend(dns._asyncbackend.Backend):
-    pass
+    def name(self):
+        return 'trio'
+
+    async def make_socket(self, af, socktype, proto=0,
+                          source=None, destination=None, timeout=None,
+                          ssl_context=None, server_hostname=None):
+        """Make a socket based on the parameters."""
+        if socktype == socket.SOCK_DGRAM:
+            s = trio.socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
+            if source:
+                await s.bind(_lltuple(source, af))
+            return DatagramSocket(s)
+        elif socktype == socket.SOCK_STREAM:
+            if destination is None:
+                raise ValueError('destination required for stream sockets')
+            if timeout is None:
+                timeout = 5
+            try:
+                with trio.move_on_after(timeout):
+                    s = await trio.open_tcp_stream(*_lltuple(destination, af))
+                    if ssl_context:
+                        s = trio.SSLStream(s, ssl_context,
+                                           server_hostname=server_hostname)
+                        await s.do_handshake()
+                    return StreamSocket(af, s, ssl_context is not None)
+            except trio.TooSlowError:
+                raise dns.exception.Timeout(timeout=timeout)
+        raise NotImplementedError('unsupported socket type')
+
+    async def sleep(self, interval):
+        """Sleep for the specified interval."""
+        await trio.sleep(interval)
+
+    def datagram_connection_required(self):
+        """Return True if a connection is required, False otherwise."""
+        return False
+
+    def set_socket_options(self, socket, options):
+        """Set socket options."""
+        for option in options:
+            socket.setsockopt(*option)
+
+    def get_socket_family(self, socket):
+        """Get the socket family."""
+        return socket.family
diff --git a/dns/asyncbackend.py b/dns/asyncbackend.py
index 3e2691b..4625cf2 100644
--- a/dns/asyncbackend.py
+++ b/dns/asyncbackend.py
@@ -18,7 +18,16 @@ def get_backend(name: str) ->Backend:

     Raises NotImplementedError if an unknown backend name is specified.
     """
-    pass
+    if name not in _backends:
+        if name == 'trio':
+            from dns import _trio_backend
+            _backends['trio'] = _trio_backend.Backend()
+        elif name == 'asyncio':
+            from dns import _asyncio_backend
+            _backends['asyncio'] = _asyncio_backend.Backend()
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"Unknown backend '{name}'")
+    return _backends[name]


 def sniff() ->str:
@@ -28,12 +37,33 @@ def sniff() ->str:
     Returns the name of the library, or raises AsyncLibraryNotFoundError
     if the library cannot be determined.
     """
-    pass
+    global _no_sniffio
+    if _no_sniffio:
+        raise AsyncLibraryNotFoundError("sniffio module not available")
+    try:
+        import sniffio
+        library = sniffio.current_async_library()
+        if library == 'trio':
+            return 'trio'
+        elif library == 'asyncio':
+            return 'asyncio'
+        else:
+            raise AsyncLibraryNotFoundError(f"Unsupported async library: {library}")
+    except ImportError:
+        _no_sniffio = True
+        raise AsyncLibraryNotFoundError("sniffio module not available")


 def get_default_backend() ->Backend:
     """Get the default backend, initializing it if necessary."""
-    pass
+    global _default_backend
+    if _default_backend is None:
+        try:
+            name = sniff()
+        except AsyncLibraryNotFoundError:
+            name = 'asyncio'  # Default to asyncio if sniffio fails
+        _default_backend = get_backend(name)
+    return _default_backend


 def set_default_backend(name: str) ->Backend:
@@ -45,4 +75,6 @@ def set_default_backend(name: str) ->Backend:
     in testing situations, this function allows the backend to be set
     explicitly.
     """
-    pass
+    global _default_backend
+    _default_backend = get_backend(name)
+    return _default_backend
diff --git a/dns/asyncquery.py b/dns/asyncquery.py
index 5fbfbb5..69d6d0f 100644
--- a/dns/asyncquery.py
+++ b/dns/asyncquery.py
@@ -41,7 +41,11 @@ async def send_udp(sock: dns.asyncbackend.DatagramSocket, what: Union[dns.

     Returns an ``(int, float)`` tuple of bytes sent and the sent time.
     """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(what, dns.message.Message):
+        what = what.to_wire()
+    sent_time = time.time()
+    n = await sock.sendto(what, destination)
+    return (n, sent_time)


 async def receive_udp(sock: dns.asyncbackend.DatagramSocket, destination:
@@ -61,7 +65,20 @@ async def receive_udp(sock: dns.asyncbackend.DatagramSocket, destination:
     Returns a ``(dns.message.Message, float, tuple)`` tuple of the received message, the
     received time, and the address where the message arrived from.
     """
-    pass
+    wire, from_address = await sock.recvfrom(65535)
+    received_time = time.time()
+    r = dns.message.from_wire(wire, keyring=keyring, request_mac=request_mac,
+                              one_rr_per_rrset=one_rr_per_rrset,
+                              ignore_trailing=ignore_trailing,
+                              raise_on_truncation=raise_on_truncation,
+                              ignore_errors=ignore_errors)
+    if not query:
+        return (r, received_time, from_address)
+    if not _matches_destination(query, from_address, destination, ignore_unexpected):
+        if not ignore_unexpected:
+            raise dns.exception.FormError("got a response from the wrong server")
+        return (None, received_time, from_address)
+    return (r, received_time, from_address)


 async def udp(q: dns.message.Message, where: str, timeout: Optional[float]=
@@ -84,7 +101,28 @@ async def udp(q: dns.message.Message, where: str, timeout: Optional[float]=
     See :py:func:`dns.query.udp()` for the documentation of the other
     parameters, exceptions, and return type of this method.
     """
-    pass
+    wire = q.to_wire()
+    (begin_time, expiration) = _compute_times(timeout)
+    af = dns.inet.af_for_address(where)
+    destination = _lltuple((where, port), af)
+    if sock:
+        cm: contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager = NullContext(sock)
+    else:
+        cm = dns.asyncbackend.make_socket(af, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, 0, backend=backend,
+                                          source=source, source_port=source_port)
+    async with cm as s:
+        await send_udp(s, wire, destination, expiration)
+        (r, _, _) = await receive_udp(s, destination, expiration,
+                                      ignore_unexpected=ignore_unexpected,
+                                      one_rr_per_rrset=one_rr_per_rrset,
+                                      ignore_trailing=ignore_trailing,
+                                      raise_on_truncation=raise_on_truncation,
+                                      ignore_errors=ignore_errors,
+                                      query=q)
+    r.time = time.time() - begin_time
+    if not q.is_response(r):
+        raise BadResponse
+    return r


 async def udp_with_fallback(q: dns.message.Message, where: str, timeout:
@@ -114,7 +152,17 @@ async def udp_with_fallback(q: dns.message.Message, where: str, timeout:
     of the other parameters, exceptions, and return type of this
     method.
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        response = await udp(q, where, timeout, port, source, source_port,
+                             ignore_unexpected, one_rr_per_rrset,
+                             ignore_trailing, True, udp_sock, backend,
+                             ignore_errors)
+        return (response, False)
+    except dns.message.Truncated:
+        response = await tcp(q, where, timeout, port, source, source_port,
+                             one_rr_per_rrset, ignore_trailing, tcp_sock,
+                             backend)
+        return (response, True)


 async def send_tcp(sock: dns.asyncbackend.StreamSocket, what: Union[dns.
@@ -127,14 +175,30 @@ async def send_tcp(sock: dns.asyncbackend.StreamSocket, what: Union[dns.
     See :py:func:`dns.query.send_tcp()` for the documentation of the other
     parameters, exceptions, and return type of this method.
     """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(what, dns.message.Message):
+        wire = what.to_wire()
+    else:
+        wire = what
+    l = len(wire)
+    # converting to bytes for Python 3 compatibility
+    tcpmsg = struct.pack("!H", l) + wire
+    sent_time = time.time()
+    await sock.sendall(tcpmsg, expiration)
+    return (len(tcpmsg), sent_time)


 async def _read_exactly(sock, count, expiration):
     """Read the specified number of bytes from stream.  Keep trying until we
     either get the desired amount, or we hit EOF.
     """
-    pass
+    s = b''
+    while count > 0:
+        n = await sock.recv(count, expiration)
+        if n == b'':
+            raise EOFError
+        count -= len(n)
+        s += n
+    return s


 async def receive_tcp(sock: dns.asyncbackend.StreamSocket, expiration:
@@ -148,7 +212,14 @@ async def receive_tcp(sock: dns.asyncbackend.StreamSocket, expiration:
     See :py:func:`dns.query.receive_tcp()` for the documentation of the other
     parameters, exceptions, and return type of this method.
     """
-    pass
+    ldata = await _read_exactly(sock, 2, expiration)
+    (l,) = struct.unpack("!H", ldata)
+    wire = await _read_exactly(sock, l, expiration)
+    received_time = time.time()
+    r = dns.message.from_wire(wire, keyring=keyring, request_mac=request_mac,
+                              one_rr_per_rrset=one_rr_per_rrset,
+                              ignore_trailing=ignore_trailing)
+    return (r, received_time)


 async def tcp(q: dns.message.Message, where: str, timeout: Optional[float]=
@@ -169,7 +240,23 @@ async def tcp(q: dns.message.Message, where: str, timeout: Optional[float]=
     See :py:func:`dns.query.tcp()` for the documentation of the other
     parameters, exceptions, and return type of this method.
     """
-    pass
+    wire = q.to_wire()
+    (begin_time, expiration) = _compute_times(timeout)
+    af = dns.inet.af_for_address(where)
+    if sock:
+        cm: contextlib.AbstractAsyncContextManager = NullContext(sock)
+    else:
+        cm = dns.asyncbackend.make_socket(af, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, backend=backend,
+                                          source=source, source_port=source_port)
+    async with cm as s:
+        await s.connect((where, port), expiration)
+        await send_tcp(s, wire, expiration)
+        (r, received_time) = await receive_tcp(s, expiration, one_rr_per_rrset,
+                                               q.keyring, q.mac, ignore_trailing)
+    r.time = received_time - begin_time
+    if not q.is_response(r):
+        raise BadResponse
+    return r


 async def tls(q: dns.message.Message, where: str, timeout: Optional[float]=
diff --git a/dns/asyncresolver.py b/dns/asyncresolver.py
index e587e04..fefc57a 100644
--- a/dns/asyncresolver.py
+++ b/dns/asyncresolver.py
@@ -35,7 +35,17 @@ class Resolver(dns.resolver.BaseResolver):
         documentation of the other parameters, exceptions, and return
         type of this method.
         """
-        pass
+        if isinstance(qname, str):
+            qname = dns.name.from_text(qname)
+        if search is None:
+            search = self.use_search_by_default
+        if search:
+            qname = self._ensure_absolute_name(qname)
+        backend = self._get_backend(backend)
+        request = dns.message.make_query(qname, rdtype, rdclass)
+        answer = await self._resolve_with_cache(request, qname, rdtype, rdclass, tcp, source,
+                                                raise_on_no_answer, source_port, lifetime, backend)
+        return answer

     async def resolve_address(self, ipaddr: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
         ) ->dns.resolver.Answer:
@@ -53,7 +63,10 @@ class Resolver(dns.resolver.BaseResolver):
         function.

         """
-        pass
+        return await dns.asyncresolver.resolve(dns.reversename.from_address(ipaddr),
+                                               rdtype='PTR',
+                                               *args,
+                                               **kwargs)

     async def resolve_name(self, name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], family:
         int=socket.AF_UNSPEC, **kwargs: Any) ->dns.resolver.HostAnswers:
@@ -71,7 +84,26 @@ class Resolver(dns.resolver.BaseResolver):
         except for rdtype and rdclass are also supported by this
         function.
         """
-        pass
+        rdtypes = []
+        if family == socket.AF_INET6:
+            rdtypes.append('AAAA')
+        elif family == socket.AF_INET:
+            rdtypes.append('A')
+        else:
+            rdtypes.extend(['A', 'AAAA'])
+
+        answers = []
+        for rdtype in rdtypes:
+            try:
+                answer = await self.resolve(name, rdtype, **kwargs)
+                answers.append(answer)
+            except dns.resolver.NoAnswer:
+                pass
+
+        if not answers:
+            raise dns.resolver.NoAnswer
+
+        return dns.resolver.HostAnswers(answers)

     async def canonical_name(self, name: Union[dns.name.Name, str]
         ) ->dns.name.Name:
@@ -88,7 +120,12 @@ class Resolver(dns.resolver.BaseResolver):

         Returns a ``dns.name.Name``.
         """
-        pass
+        try:
+            answer = await self.resolve(name, 'CNAME')
+            cname = answer.canonical_name
+        except dns.resolver.NoAnswer:
+            cname = dns.name.from_text(name) if isinstance(name, str) else name
+        return cname

     async def try_ddr(self, lifetime: float=5.0) ->None:
         """Try to update the resolver's nameservers using Discovery of Designated
@@ -109,7 +146,13 @@ class Resolver(dns.resolver.BaseResolver):
         the bootstrap nameserver is in the Subject Alternative Name field of the
         TLS certficate.
         """
-        pass
+        try:
+            ddr = dns._ddr.AsyncDDR(self)
+            nameservers = await ddr.get_nameservers(lifetime)
+            if nameservers:
+                self.nameservers = nameservers
+        except Exception:
+            pass


 default_resolver = None
@@ -117,7 +160,10 @@ default_resolver = None

 def get_default_resolver() ->Resolver:
     """Get the default asynchronous resolver, initializing it if necessary."""
-    pass
+    global default_resolver
+    if default_resolver is None:
+        default_resolver = Resolver()
+    return default_resolver


 def reset_default_resolver() ->None:
@@ -126,7 +172,8 @@ def reset_default_resolver() ->None:
     Note that the resolver configuration (i.e. /etc/resolv.conf on UNIX
     systems) will be re-read immediately.
     """
-    pass
+    global default_resolver
+    default_resolver = None


 async def resolve(qname: Union[dns.name.Name, str], rdtype: Union[dns.
@@ -143,7 +190,9 @@ async def resolve(qname: Union[dns.name.Name, str], rdtype: Union[dns.
     See :py:func:`dns.asyncresolver.Resolver.resolve` for more
     information on the parameters.
     """
-    pass
+    return await get_default_resolver().resolve(qname, rdtype, rdclass, tcp, source,
+                                                raise_on_no_answer, source_port, lifetime,
+                                                search, backend)


 async def resolve_address(ipaddr: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
@@ -153,7 +202,7 @@ async def resolve_address(ipaddr: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
     See :py:func:`dns.asyncresolver.Resolver.resolve_address` for more
     information on the parameters.
     """
-    pass
+    return await get_default_resolver().resolve_address(ipaddr, *args, **kwargs)


 async def resolve_name(name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], family: int=socket.
@@ -163,7 +212,7 @@ async def resolve_name(name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], family: int=socket.
     See :py:func:`dns.asyncresolver.Resolver.resolve_name` for more
     information on the parameters.
     """
-    pass
+    return await get_default_resolver().resolve_name(name, family, **kwargs)


 async def canonical_name(name: Union[dns.name.Name, str]) ->dns.name.Name:
@@ -172,7 +221,7 @@ async def canonical_name(name: Union[dns.name.Name, str]) ->dns.name.Name:
     See :py:func:`dns.resolver.Resolver.canonical_name` for more
     information on the parameters and possible exceptions.
     """
-    pass
+    return await get_default_resolver().canonical_name(name)


 async def try_ddr(timeout: float=5.0) ->None:
@@ -182,7 +231,7 @@ async def try_ddr(timeout: float=5.0) ->None:

     See :py:func:`dns.resolver.Resolver.try_ddr` for more information.
     """
-    pass
+    await get_default_resolver().try_ddr(timeout)


 async def zone_for_name(name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], rdclass: dns.
@@ -194,7 +243,9 @@ async def zone_for_name(name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], rdclass: dns.
     See :py:func:`dns.resolver.Resolver.zone_for_name` for more
     information on the parameters and possible exceptions.
     """
-    pass
+    if resolver is None:
+        resolver = get_default_resolver()
+    return await resolver.zone_for_name(name, rdclass, tcp, backend)


 async def make_resolver_at(where: Union[dns.name.Name, str], port: int=53,
@@ -217,7 +268,22 @@ async def make_resolver_at(where: Union[dns.name.Name, str], port: int=53,

     Returns a ``dns.resolver.Resolver`` or raises an exception.
     """
-    pass
+    if resolver is None:
+        resolver = get_default_resolver()
+    
+    if isinstance(where, str):
+        where = dns.name.from_text(where)
+    
+    if isinstance(where, dns.name.Name):
+        addresses = await resolver.resolve_name(where, family)
+        address = addresses[0].address
+    else:
+        address = where
+    
+    r = Resolver()
+    r.nameservers = [address]
+    r.port = port
+    return r


 async def resolve_at(where: Union[dns.name.Name, str], qname: Union[dns.
@@ -241,4 +307,6 @@ async def resolve_at(where: Union[dns.name.Name, str], qname: Union[dns.
     ``dns.asyncresolver.make_resolver_at()`` and then use that resolver for the queries
     instead of calling ``resolve_at()`` multiple times.
     """
-    pass
+    r = await make_resolver_at(where, port, family, resolver)
+    return await r.resolve(qname, rdtype, rdclass, tcp, source, raise_on_no_answer,
+                           source_port, lifetime, search, backend)
diff --git a/dns/dnssec.py b/dns/dnssec.py
index 2787e8a..0f2e2fe 100644
--- a/dns/dnssec.py
+++ b/dns/dnssec.py
@@ -44,7 +44,11 @@ def algorithm_from_text(text: str) ->Algorithm:

     Returns an ``int``.
     """
-    pass
+    text = text.upper()
+    try:
+        return Algorithm[text]
+    except KeyError:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError(f"Unknown algorithm: {text}")


 def algorithm_to_text(value: Union[Algorithm, int]) ->str:
@@ -54,12 +58,25 @@ def algorithm_to_text(value: Union[Algorithm, int]) ->str:

     Returns a ``str``, the name of a DNSSEC algorithm.
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        return Algorithm(value).name
+    except ValueError:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError(f"Unknown algorithm: {value}")


 def to_timestamp(value: Union[datetime, str, float, int]) ->int:
     """Convert various format to a timestamp"""
-    pass
+    if isinstance(value, datetime):
+        return int(value.timestamp())
+    elif isinstance(value, str):
+        try:
+            return int(time.mktime(time.strptime(value, "%Y%m%d%H%M%S")))
+        except ValueError:
+            return int(float(value))
+    elif isinstance(value, (float, int)):
+        return int(value)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("Unsupported timestamp format")


 def key_id(key: Union[DNSKEY, CDNSKEY]) ->int:
@@ -69,7 +86,10 @@ def key_id(key: Union[DNSKEY, CDNSKEY]) ->int:

     Returns an ``int`` between 0 and 65535
     """
-    pass
+    rdata = dns.rdata.from_text(dns.rdataclass.IN, dns.rdatatype.DNSKEY, 
+                                f"{key.flags} {key.protocol} {key.algorithm} {key.key}")
+    digest = hashlib.sha1(rdata.to_wire()).digest()
+    return (digest[-2] << 8) | digest[-1]


 class Policy:
@@ -128,7 +148,35 @@ def make_ds(name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], key: dns.rdata.Rdata,

     Returns a ``dns.rdtypes.ANY.DS.DS``
     """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(algorithm, str):
+        algorithm = DSDigest[algorithm.upper()]
+    
+    if policy is None:
+        policy = default_policy
+    
+    if validating:
+        if algorithm in policy._deny_validate_ds:
+            raise DeniedByPolicy(f"DS digest algorithm {algorithm} denied by policy")
+    else:
+        if algorithm in policy._deny_create_ds:
+            raise DeniedByPolicy(f"DS digest algorithm {algorithm} denied by policy")
+    
+    if isinstance(name, str):
+        name = dns.name.from_text(name, origin)
+    
+    if algorithm == DSDigest.SHA1:
+        hash_func = hashlib.sha1
+    elif algorithm == DSDigest.SHA256:
+        hash_func = hashlib.sha256
+    elif algorithm == DSDigest.SHA384:
+        hash_func = hashlib.sha384
+    else:
+        raise UnsupportedAlgorithm(f"Unsupported DS digest algorithm: {algorithm}")
+    
+    key_rdata = key.to_wire()
+    digest = hash_func(name.to_wire() + key_rdata).hexdigest()
+    
+    return DS(name, dns.rdataclass.IN, key.key_tag, key.algorithm, algorithm, digest)


 def make_cds(name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], key: dns.rdata.Rdata,
@@ -152,7 +200,8 @@ def make_cds(name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], key: dns.rdata.Rdata,

     Returns a ``dns.rdtypes.ANY.DS.CDS``
     """
-    pass
+    ds = make_ds(name, key, algorithm, origin)
+    return CDS(ds.name, ds.rdclass, ds.key_tag, ds.algorithm, ds.digest_type, ds.digest)


 def _validate_rrsig(rrset: Union[dns.rrset.RRset, Tuple[dns.name.Name, dns.
diff --git a/dns/dnssecalgs/base.py b/dns/dnssecalgs/base.py
index 9fc70e6..57c3916 100644
--- a/dns/dnssecalgs/base.py
+++ b/dns/dnssecalgs/base.py
@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@ class GenericPublicKey(ABC):

     def to_dnskey(self, flags: int=Flag.ZONE, protocol: int=3) ->DNSKEY:
         """Return public key as DNSKEY"""
-        pass
+        return DNSKEY(dns.rdataclass.IN, dns.rdatatype.DNSKEY,
+                      flags, protocol, self.algorithm.value,
+                      self.encode_key_bytes())

     @classmethod
     @abstractmethod
@@ -64,16 +66,16 @@ class GenericPrivateKey(ABC):
     @abstractmethod
     def public_key(self) ->'GenericPublicKey':
         """Return public key instance"""
-        pass
+        raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by subclasses")

     @classmethod
     @abstractmethod
     def from_pem(cls, private_pem: bytes, password: Optional[bytes]=None
         ) ->'GenericPrivateKey':
         """Create private key from PEM-encoded PKCS#8"""
-        pass
+        raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by subclasses")

     @abstractmethod
     def to_pem(self, password: Optional[bytes]=None) ->bytes:
         """Return private key as PEM-encoded PKCS#8"""
-        pass
+        raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by subclasses")
diff --git a/dns/dnssecalgs/dsa.py b/dns/dnssecalgs/dsa.py
index d09a487..942820c 100644
--- a/dns/dnssecalgs/dsa.py
+++ b/dns/dnssecalgs/dsa.py
@@ -15,7 +15,18 @@ class PublicDSA(CryptographyPublicKey):

     def encode_key_bytes(self) ->bytes:
         """Encode a public key per RFC 2536, section 2."""
-        pass
+        y = self.key.public_numbers().y
+        p = self.key.public_numbers().parameter_numbers.p
+        q = self.key.public_numbers().parameter_numbers.q
+        g = self.key.public_numbers().parameter_numbers.g
+        
+        t = (p.bit_length() - 64) // 8 - 8
+        
+        return struct.pack("!B", t) + \
+               g.to_bytes(128, 'big') + \
+               y.to_bytes(128, 'big') + \
+               p.to_bytes(64 + t * 8, 'big') + \
+               q.to_bytes(20, 'big')


 class PrivateDSA(CryptographyPrivateKey):
@@ -25,7 +36,22 @@ class PrivateDSA(CryptographyPrivateKey):

     def sign(self, data: bytes, verify: bool=False) ->bytes:
         """Sign using a private key per RFC 2536, section 3."""
-        pass
+        signature = self.key.sign(
+            data,
+            hashes.SHA1()
+        )
+        r, s = utils.decode_dss_signature(signature)
+        
+        encoded_signature = r.to_bytes(20, 'big') + s.to_bytes(20, 'big')
+        
+        if verify:
+            self.key.public_key().verify(
+                signature,
+                data,
+                hashes.SHA1()
+            )
+        
+        return encoded_signature


 class PublicDSANSEC3SHA1(PublicDSA):
diff --git a/dns/dnssecalgs/ecdsa.py b/dns/dnssecalgs/ecdsa.py
index f482742..1a32e16 100644
--- a/dns/dnssecalgs/ecdsa.py
+++ b/dns/dnssecalgs/ecdsa.py
@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@ class PublicECDSA(CryptographyPublicKey):

     def encode_key_bytes(self) ->bytes:
         """Encode a public key per RFC 6605, section 4."""
-        pass
+        public_numbers = self.key.public_numbers()
+        x = public_numbers.x.to_bytes(self.octets, byteorder='big')
+        y = public_numbers.y.to_bytes(self.octets, byteorder='big')
+        return x + y


 class PrivateECDSA(CryptographyPrivateKey):
@@ -26,7 +29,16 @@ class PrivateECDSA(CryptographyPrivateKey):

     def sign(self, data: bytes, verify: bool=False) ->bytes:
         """Sign using a private key per RFC 6605, section 4."""
-        pass
+        signature = self.key.sign(
+            data,
+            ec.ECDSA(self.public_cls.chosen_hash)
+        )
+        r, s = utils.decode_dss_signature(signature)
+        r_bytes = r.to_bytes(self.public_cls.octets, byteorder='big')
+        s_bytes = s.to_bytes(self.public_cls.octets, byteorder='big')
+        if verify:
+            self.public().verify(data, r_bytes + s_bytes)
+        return r_bytes + s_bytes


 class PublicECDSAP256SHA256(PublicECDSA):
diff --git a/dns/dnssecalgs/eddsa.py b/dns/dnssecalgs/eddsa.py
index 7705e31..4f5e456 100644
--- a/dns/dnssecalgs/eddsa.py
+++ b/dns/dnssecalgs/eddsa.py
@@ -10,7 +10,10 @@ class PublicEDDSA(CryptographyPublicKey):

     def encode_key_bytes(self) ->bytes:
         """Encode a public key per RFC 8080, section 3."""
-        pass
+        return self.key.public_bytes(
+            encoding=serialization.Encoding.Raw,
+            format=serialization.PublicFormat.Raw
+        )


 class PrivateEDDSA(CryptographyPrivateKey):
@@ -18,7 +21,10 @@ class PrivateEDDSA(CryptographyPrivateKey):

     def sign(self, data: bytes, verify: bool=False) ->bytes:
         """Sign using a private key per RFC 8080, section 4."""
-        pass
+        signature = self.key.sign(data)
+        if verify:
+            self.public_key().verify(signature, data)
+        return signature


 class PublicED25519(PublicEDDSA):
diff --git a/dns/dnssecalgs/rsa.py b/dns/dnssecalgs/rsa.py
index 91f1eaf..c22f45c 100644
--- a/dns/dnssecalgs/rsa.py
+++ b/dns/dnssecalgs/rsa.py
@@ -16,7 +16,19 @@ class PublicRSA(CryptographyPublicKey):

     def encode_key_bytes(self) ->bytes:
         """Encode a public key per RFC 3110, section 2."""
-        pass
+        exponent = self.key.public_numbers().e
+        modulus = self.key.public_numbers().n
+        exponent_len = (exponent.bit_length() + 7) // 8
+        modulus_bytes = modulus.to_bytes((modulus.bit_length() + 7) // 8, byteorder='big')
+        
+        if exponent_len <= 255:
+            return struct.pack('!B', exponent_len) + \
+                   exponent.to_bytes(exponent_len, byteorder='big') + \
+                   modulus_bytes
+        else:
+            return struct.pack('!BH', 0, exponent_len) + \
+                   exponent.to_bytes(exponent_len, byteorder='big') + \
+                   modulus_bytes


 class PrivateRSA(CryptographyPrivateKey):
@@ -27,7 +39,25 @@ class PrivateRSA(CryptographyPrivateKey):

     def sign(self, data: bytes, verify: bool=False) ->bytes:
         """Sign using a private key per RFC 3110, section 3."""
-        pass
+        signature = self.key.sign(
+            data,
+            padding.PKCS1v15(),
+            self.public_cls.chosen_hash
+        )
+        
+        if verify:
+            public_key = self.key.public_key()
+            try:
+                public_key.verify(
+                    signature,
+                    data,
+                    padding.PKCS1v15(),
+                    self.public_cls.chosen_hash
+                )
+            except:
+                raise ValueError("Signature verification failed")
+        
+        return signature


 class PublicRSAMD5(PublicRSA):
diff --git a/dns/e164.py b/dns/e164.py
index 94218a3..9b8d0b0 100644
--- a/dns/e164.py
+++ b/dns/e164.py
@@ -21,7 +21,17 @@ def from_e164(text: str, origin: Optional[dns.name.Name]=public_enum_domain

     Returns a ``dns.name.Name``.
     """
-    pass
+    digits = ''.join(filter(str.isdigit, text))
+    if not digits:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("No digits found in E.164 number")
+    
+    labels = list(reversed(digits))
+    name = dns.name.Name(labels)
+    
+    if origin is not None:
+        name = name.derelativize(origin)
+    
+    return name


 def to_e164(name: dns.name.Name, origin: Optional[dns.name.Name]=
@@ -45,7 +55,15 @@ def to_e164(name: dns.name.Name, origin: Optional[dns.name.Name]=
     Returns a ``str``.

     """
-    pass
+    if origin is not None:
+        name = name.relativize(origin)
+    
+    digits = ''.join(reversed(name.labels))
+    
+    if want_plus_prefix:
+        return '+' + digits
+    else:
+        return digits


 def query(number: str, domains: Iterable[Union[dns.name.Name, str]],
@@ -61,4 +79,19 @@ def query(number: str, domains: Iterable[Union[dns.name.Name, str]],
     *resolver*, a ``dns.resolver.Resolver``, is the resolver to use.  If
     ``None``, the default resolver is used.
     """
-    pass
+    if resolver is None:
+        resolver = dns.resolver.get_default_resolver()
+    
+    for domain in domains:
+        if isinstance(domain, str):
+            domain = dns.name.from_text(domain)
+        
+        e164_name = from_e164(number, domain)
+        
+        try:
+            answer = resolver.resolve(e164_name, 'NAPTR')
+            return answer
+        except dns.resolver.NXDOMAIN:
+            continue
+    
+    raise dns.resolver.NXDOMAIN(f"No NAPTR records found for {number} in the specified domains")
diff --git a/dns/edns.py b/dns/edns.py
index ac75090..323ce18 100644
--- a/dns/edns.py
+++ b/dns/edns.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class Option:
         Returns a ``bytes`` or ``None``.

         """
-        pass
+        raise NotImplementedError

     @classmethod
     def from_wire_parser(cls, otype: OptionType, parser: 'dns.wire.Parser'
@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ class Option:

         Returns a ``dns.edns.Option``.
         """
-        pass
+        raise NotImplementedError

     def _cmp(self, other):
         """Compare an EDNS option with another option of the same type.

         Returns < 0 if < *other*, 0 if == *other*, and > 0 if > *other*.
         """
-        pass
+        raise NotImplementedError

     def __eq__(self, other):
         if not isinstance(other, Option):
@@ -181,7 +181,21 @@ class ECSOption(Option):
         >>> # it understands results from `dns.edns.ECSOption.to_text()`
         >>> dns.edns.ECSOption.from_text('ECS 1.2.3.4/24/32')
         """
-        pass
+        parts = text.split()
+        if parts[0] == 'ECS':
+            parts = parts[1:]
+        if len(parts) != 1:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Invalid ECS option format')
+        
+        address_parts = parts[0].split('/')
+        if len(address_parts) < 2 or len(address_parts) > 3:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Invalid ECS address format')
+        
+        address = address_parts[0]
+        srclen = int(address_parts[1])
+        scopelen = int(address_parts[2]) if len(address_parts) == 3 else 0
+        
+        return ECSOption(address, srclen, scopelen)


 class EDECode(dns.enum.IntEnum):
@@ -247,7 +261,7 @@ def get_option_class(otype: OptionType) ->Any:
     The GenericOption class is used if a more specific class is not
     known.
     """
-    pass
+    return _type_to_class.get(otype, GenericOption)


 def option_from_wire_parser(otype: Union[OptionType, str], parser:
@@ -261,7 +275,9 @@ def option_from_wire_parser(otype: Union[OptionType, str], parser:

     Returns an instance of a subclass of ``dns.edns.Option``.
     """
-    pass
+    otype = OptionType.make(otype)
+    cls = get_option_class(otype)
+    return cls.from_wire_parser(otype, parser)


 def option_from_wire(otype: Union[OptionType, str], wire: bytes, current:
@@ -279,7 +295,11 @@ def option_from_wire(otype: Union[OptionType, str], wire: bytes, current:

     Returns an instance of a subclass of ``dns.edns.Option``.
     """
-    pass
+    otype = OptionType.make(otype)
+    cls = get_option_class(otype)
+    parser = dns.wire.Parser(wire, current)
+    with parser.restrict_to(olen):
+        return cls.from_wire_parser(otype, parser)


 def register_type(implementation: Any, otype: OptionType) ->None:
@@ -289,7 +309,7 @@ def register_type(implementation: Any, otype: OptionType) ->None:

     *otype*, an ``int``, is the option type.
     """
-    pass
+    _type_to_class[OptionType.make(otype)] = implementation


 NSID = OptionType.NSID
diff --git a/dns/enum.py b/dns/enum.py
index c6d69c6..bcf169c 100644
--- a/dns/enum.py
+++ b/dns/enum.py
@@ -19,4 +19,15 @@ class IntEnum(enum.IntEnum):
         Returns an enumeration from the calling class corresponding to the
         value, if one is defined, or an ``int`` otherwise.
         """
-        pass
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            try:
+                return cls[value.upper()]
+            except KeyError:
+                raise cls.UnknownValue(f"Unknown {cls.__name__}: {value}")
+        elif isinstance(value, int):
+            try:
+                return cls(value)
+            except ValueError:
+                return value
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(f"Expected str or int, not {type(value).__name__}")
diff --git a/dns/exception.py b/dns/exception.py
index 4f53e7b..3d3493b 100644
--- a/dns/exception.py
+++ b/dns/exception.py
@@ -50,7 +50,10 @@ class DNSException(Exception):
         """Old exceptions supported only args and not kwargs.

         For sanity we do not allow to mix old and new behavior."""
-        pass
+        if args and kwargs:
+            raise ValueError("Cannot mix args and kwargs in exception initialization")
+        if kwargs and not set(kwargs.keys()).issubset(self.supp_kwargs):
+            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported kwargs: {set(kwargs.keys()) - self.supp_kwargs}")

     def _fmt_kwargs(self, **kwargs):
         """Format kwargs before printing them.
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ class DNSException(Exception):
         Resulting dictionary has to have keys necessary for str.format call
         on fmt class variable.
         """
-        pass
+        return {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if k in self.supp_kwargs}

     def __str__(self):
         if self.kwargs and self.fmt:
diff --git a/dns/flags.py b/dns/flags.py
index f682e9b..9b49f8e 100644
--- a/dns/flags.py
+++ b/dns/flags.py
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@ def from_text(text: str) ->int:

     Returns an ``int``
     """
-    pass
+    flags = 0
+    for flag in text.upper().split():
+        flags |= Flag[flag]
+    return flags


 def to_text(flags: int) ->str:
@@ -32,7 +35,7 @@ def to_text(flags: int) ->str:

     Returns a ``str``.
     """
-    pass
+    return ' '.join(flag.name for flag in Flag if flags & flag)


 def edns_from_text(text: str) ->int:
@@ -41,7 +44,10 @@ def edns_from_text(text: str) ->int:

     Returns an ``int``
     """
-    pass
+    flags = 0
+    for flag in text.upper().split():
+        flags |= EDNSFlag[flag]
+    return flags


 def edns_to_text(flags: int) ->str:
@@ -50,7 +56,7 @@ def edns_to_text(flags: int) ->str:

     Returns a ``str``.
     """
-    pass
+    return ' '.join(flag.name for flag in EDNSFlag if flags & flag)


 QR = Flag.QR
diff --git a/dns/grange.py b/dns/grange.py
index af2c200..679c5ad 100644
--- a/dns/grange.py
+++ b/dns/grange.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """DNS GENERATE range conversion."""
 from typing import Tuple
 import dns
+import dns.exception


 def from_text(text: str) ->Tuple[int, int, int]:
@@ -11,4 +12,26 @@ def from_text(text: str) ->Tuple[int, int, int]:

     Returns a tuple of three ``int`` values ``(start, stop, step)``.
     """
-    pass
+    parts = text.split('/')
+    if len(parts) == 1:
+        range_part = parts[0]
+        step = 1
+    elif len(parts) == 2:
+        range_part, step = parts
+        step = int(step)
+    else:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("invalid range")
+
+    range_values = range_part.split('-')
+    if len(range_values) != 2:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("invalid range")
+
+    start, stop = map(int, range_values)
+    
+    if start > stop:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("start must be <= stop")
+    
+    if step <= 0:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("step must be positive")
+
+    return (start, stop, step)
diff --git a/dns/immutable.py b/dns/immutable.py
index 1170831..f58be62 100644
--- a/dns/immutable.py
+++ b/dns/immutable.py
@@ -43,4 +43,13 @@ def constify(o: Any) ->Any:
     """
     Convert mutable types to immutable types.
     """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(o, (str, int, float, bool, type(None))):
+        return o
+    elif isinstance(o, dict):
+        return Dict({k: constify(v) for k, v in o.items()})
+    elif isinstance(o, (list, tuple)):
+        return tuple(constify(item) for item in o)
+    elif isinstance(o, set):
+        return frozenset(constify(item) for item in o)
+    else:
+        return o  # If it's not a known mutable type, return as is
diff --git a/dns/inet.py b/dns/inet.py
index 8c49f86..b8492f5 100644
--- a/dns/inet.py
+++ b/dns/inet.py
@@ -19,7 +19,12 @@ def inet_pton(family: int, text: str) ->bytes:

     Returns a ``bytes``.
     """
-    pass
+    if family == AF_INET:
+        return dns.ipv4.inet_aton(text)
+    elif family == AF_INET6:
+        return dns.ipv6.inet_aton(text)
+    else:
+        raise NotImplementedError(f"Address family {family} not supported")


 def inet_ntop(family: int, address: bytes) ->str:
@@ -34,7 +39,12 @@ def inet_ntop(family: int, address: bytes) ->str:

     Returns a ``str``.
     """
-    pass
+    if family == AF_INET:
+        return dns.ipv4.inet_ntoa(address)
+    elif family == AF_INET6:
+        return dns.ipv6.inet_ntoa(address)
+    else:
+        raise NotImplementedError(f"Address family {family} not supported")


 def af_for_address(text: str) ->int:
@@ -47,7 +57,15 @@ def af_for_address(text: str) ->int:

     Returns an ``int``.
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        dns.ipv4.inet_aton(text)
+        return AF_INET
+    except dns.exception.SyntaxError:
+        try:
+            dns.ipv6.inet_aton(text)
+            return AF_INET6
+        except dns.exception.SyntaxError:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid IP address: {text}")


 def is_multicast(text: str) ->bool:
@@ -60,7 +78,13 @@ def is_multicast(text: str) ->bool:

     Returns a ``bool``.
     """
-    pass
+    family = af_for_address(text)
+    if family == AF_INET:
+        return text.startswith('224.') or text.startswith('239.')
+    elif family == AF_INET6:
+        return text.startswith('ff')
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid IP address: {text}")


 def is_address(text: str) ->bool:
@@ -70,7 +94,11 @@ def is_address(text: str) ->bool:

     Returns a ``bool``.
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        af_for_address(text)
+        return True
+    except ValueError:
+        return False


 def low_level_address_tuple(high_tuple: Tuple[str, int], af: Optional[int]=None
@@ -83,12 +111,26 @@ def low_level_address_tuple(high_tuple: Tuple[str, int], af: Optional[int]=None
     address in the high-level tuple is valid and has that af.  If af
     is ``None``, then af_for_address will be called.
     """
-    pass
+    address, port = high_tuple
+    if af is None:
+        af = af_for_address(address)
+    
+    if af == AF_INET:
+        return (address, port)
+    elif af == AF_INET6:
+        return (address, port, 0, 0)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid address family: {af}")


 def any_for_af(af):
     """Return the 'any' address for the specified address family."""
-    pass
+    if af == AF_INET:
+        return '0.0.0.0'
+    elif af == AF_INET6:
+        return '::'
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid address family: {af}")


 def canonicalize(text: str) ->str:
@@ -99,4 +141,13 @@ def canonicalize(text: str) ->str:

     Raises ``ValueError`` if the text is not valid.
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        af = af_for_address(text)
+        if af == AF_INET:
+            return dns.ipv4.canonicalize(text)
+        elif af == AF_INET6:
+            if '%' in text:
+                raise ValueError("IPv6 addresses with scopes are not allowed")
+            return dns.ipv6.canonicalize(text)
+    except Exception as e:
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid IP address: {text}") from e
diff --git a/dns/ipv4.py b/dns/ipv4.py
index 00864bd..3e3101b 100644
--- a/dns/ipv4.py
+++ b/dns/ipv4.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ def inet_ntoa(address: bytes) ->str:

     Returns a ``str``.
     """
-    pass
+    return '.'.join(str(b) for b in address)


 def inet_aton(text: Union[str, bytes]) ->bytes:
@@ -21,7 +21,15 @@ def inet_aton(text: Union[str, bytes]) ->bytes:

     Returns a ``bytes``.
     """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(text, bytes):
+        text = text.decode()
+    parts = text.split('.')
+    if len(parts) != 4:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("Invalid IPv4 address")
+    try:
+        return bytes(int(p) for p in parts)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("Invalid IPv4 address")


 def canonicalize(text: Union[str, bytes]) ->str:
@@ -32,4 +40,8 @@ def canonicalize(text: Union[str, bytes]) ->str:

     Raises ``dns.exception.SyntaxError`` if the text is not valid.
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        binary = inet_aton(text)
+        return inet_ntoa(binary)
+    except dns.exception.SyntaxError:
+        raise
diff --git a/dns/ipv6.py b/dns/ipv6.py
index 94ddeaa..c3ac219 100644
--- a/dns/ipv6.py
+++ b/dns/ipv6.py
@@ -15,7 +15,37 @@ def inet_ntoa(address: bytes) ->str:
     Raises ``ValueError`` if the address isn't 16 bytes long.
     Returns a ``str``.
     """
-    pass
+    if len(address) != 16:
+        raise ValueError("IPv6 addresses are 16 bytes long")
+    
+    hex_groups = [address[i:i+2].hex() for i in range(0, 16, 2)]
+    compressed = ":".join(hex_groups)
+    
+    # Find the longest run of zeros to compress
+    best_start, best_len = 0, 0
+    current_start, current_len = None, 0
+    for i, group in enumerate(hex_groups):
+        if group == "0000":
+            if current_start is None:
+                current_start = i
+            current_len += 1
+        else:
+            if current_len > best_len:
+                best_start, best_len = current_start, current_len
+            current_start, current_len = None, 0
+    
+    if current_len > best_len:
+        best_start, best_len = current_start, current_len
+    
+    if best_len > 1:
+        compressed_parts = hex_groups[:best_start] + [''] + hex_groups[best_start + best_len:]
+        compressed = ":".join(compressed_parts)
+        if compressed.startswith(":"):
+            compressed = ":" + compressed
+        if compressed.endswith(":"):
+            compressed += ":"
+    
+    return compressed.lower()


 _v4_ending = re.compile(b'(.*):(\\d+\\.\\d+\\.\\d+\\.\\d+)$')
@@ -33,7 +63,31 @@ def inet_aton(text: Union[str, bytes], ignore_scope: bool=False) ->bytes:

     Returns a ``bytes``.
     """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(text, bytes):
+        text = text.decode()
+
+    if '%' in text:
+        if ignore_scope:
+            text = text.split('%')[0]
+        else:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("IPv6 address with a scope")
+
+    if '::' in text:
+        left, right = text.split('::', 1)
+        left_parts = left.split(':') if left else []
+        right_parts = right.split(':') if right else []
+        missing = 8 - (len(left_parts) + len(right_parts))
+        parts = left_parts + ['0'] * missing + right_parts
+    else:
+        parts = text.split(':')
+
+    if len(parts) != 8:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("Invalid IPv6 address")
+
+    try:
+        return b''.join(int(part, 16).to_bytes(2, 'big') for part in parts)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("Invalid hexadecimal in IPv6 address")


 _mapped_prefix = b'\x00' * 10 + b'\xff\xff'
@@ -46,7 +100,7 @@ def is_mapped(address: bytes) ->bool:

     Returns a ``bool``.
     """
-    pass
+    return len(address) == 16 and address.startswith(_mapped_prefix)


 def canonicalize(text: Union[str, bytes]) ->str:
@@ -57,4 +111,8 @@ def canonicalize(text: Union[str, bytes]) ->str:

     Raises ``dns.exception.SyntaxError`` if the text is not valid.
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        binary = inet_aton(text)
+        return inet_ntoa(binary)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError(str(e))
diff --git a/dns/message.py b/dns/message.py
index 657451c..e2c959f 100644
--- a/dns/message.py
+++ b/dns/message.py
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class Truncated(dns.exception.DNSException):

         Returns a ``dns.message.Message``.
         """
-        pass
+        return self.kwargs.get('message')


 class NotQueryResponse(dns.exception.DNSException):
@@ -132,22 +132,22 @@ class Message:
     @property
     def question(self) ->List[dns.rrset.RRset]:
         """The question section."""
-        pass
+        return self.sections[0]

     @property
     def answer(self) ->List[dns.rrset.RRset]:
         """The answer section."""
-        pass
+        return self.sections[1]

     @property
     def authority(self) ->List[dns.rrset.RRset]:
         """The authority section."""
-        pass
+        return self.sections[2]

     @property
     def additional(self) ->List[dns.rrset.RRset]:
         """The additional data section."""
-        pass
+        return self.sections[3]

     def __repr__(self):
         return '<DNS message, ID ' + repr(self.id) + '>'
@@ -164,7 +164,17 @@ class Message:

         Returns a ``str``.
         """
-        pass
+        s = io.StringIO()
+        s.write(f"id {self.id}\n")
+        s.write(f"opcode {dns.opcode.to_text(self.opcode())}\n")
+        s.write(f"rcode {dns.rcode.to_text(self.rcode())}\n")
+        s.write(f"flags {dns.flags.to_text(self.flags)}\n")
+        for i, section in enumerate(self.sections):
+            s.write(f";{self._section_enum.to_text(i)}:\n")
+            for rrset in section:
+                s.write(rrset.to_text(origin, relativize, **kw))
+                s.write("\n")
+        return s.getvalue()

     def __eq__(self, other):
         """Two messages are equal if they have the same content in the
@@ -197,7 +207,9 @@ class Message:

         Returns a ``bool``.
         """
-        pass
+        return (self.id == other.id and
+                self.opcode() == other.opcode() and
+                (other.flags & dns.flags.QR) != 0)

     def section_number(self, section: List[dns.rrset.RRset]) ->int:
         """Return the "section number" of the specified section for use
@@ -209,7 +221,10 @@ class Message:

         Returns an ``int``.
         """
-        pass
+        for i, s in enumerate(self.sections):
+            if section is s:
+                return i
+        raise ValueError('unknown section')

     def section_from_number(self, number: int) ->List[dns.rrset.RRset]:
         """Return the section list associated with the specified section
@@ -222,7 +237,12 @@ class Message:

         Returns a ``list``.
         """
-        pass
+        if isinstance(number, str):
+            number = self._section_enum.from_text(number)
+        try:
+            return self.sections[number]
+        except IndexError:
+            raise ValueError('invalid section')

     def find_rrset(self, section: SectionType, name: dns.name.Name, rdclass:
         dns.rdataclass.RdataClass, rdtype: dns.rdatatype.RdataType, covers:
diff --git a/dns/name.py b/dns/name.py
index b9a153e..3912f69 100644
--- a/dns/name.py
+++ b/dns/name.py
@@ -99,7 +99,9 @@ def _escapify(label: Union[bytes, str]) ->str:
     """Escape the characters in label which need it.
     @returns: the escaped string
     @rtype: string"""
-    pass
+    if isinstance(label, bytes):
+        label = label.decode('ascii')
+    return ''.join(('\\' + c if c in _escaped_text else c) for c in label)


 class IDNACodec:
@@ -186,7 +188,14 @@ def _validate_labels(labels: Tuple[bytes, ...]) ->None:
     sequence

     """
-    pass
+    total_length = sum(len(label) for label in labels) + len(labels)
+    if total_length > 255:
+        raise NameTooLong
+    for i, label in enumerate(labels):
+        if len(label) > 63:
+            raise LabelTooLong
+        if len(label) == 0 and i != len(labels) - 1:
+            raise EmptyLabel


 def _maybe_convert_to_binary(label: Union[bytes, str]) ->bytes:
@@ -194,7 +203,9 @@ def _maybe_convert_to_binary(label: Union[bytes, str]) ->bytes:
     ``bytes`` just return it.

     """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(label, str):
+        return label.encode('ascii')
+    return label


 @dns.immutable.immutable
@@ -231,14 +242,14 @@ class Name:

         Returns a ``bool``.
         """
-        pass
+        return len(self.labels) > 0 and self.labels[-1] == b''

     def is_wild(self) ->bool:
         """Is this name wild?  (I.e. Is the least significant label '*'?)

         Returns a ``bool``.
         """
-        pass
+        return len(self.labels) > 0 and self.labels[0] == b'*'

     def __hash__(self) ->int:
         """Return a case-insensitive hash of the name.
@@ -282,7 +293,32 @@ class Name:
         example1.      example2       none         > 0    0
         =============  =============  ===========  =====  =======
         """
-        pass
+        sabs = self.is_absolute()
+        oabs = other.is_absolute()
+        if sabs != oabs:
+            if sabs:
+                return (NameRelation.NONE, 1, 0)
+            else:
+                return (NameRelation.NONE, -1, 0)
+        
+        la = len(self.labels)
+        lo = len(other.labels)
+        l = min(la, lo)
+        
+        for i in range(l):
+            sa = self.labels[la - i - 1].lower()
+            so = other.labels[lo - i - 1].lower()
+            if sa < so:
+                return (NameRelation.NONE, -1, i)
+            elif sa > so:
+                return (NameRelation.NONE, 1, i)
+        
+        if la == lo:
+            return (NameRelation.EQUAL, 0, l)
+        elif la > lo:
+            return (NameRelation.SUBDOMAIN, 1, l)
+        else:
+            return (NameRelation.SUPERDOMAIN, -1, l)

     def is_subdomain(self, other: 'Name') ->bool:
         """Is self a subdomain of other?
diff --git a/dns/namedict.py b/dns/namedict.py
index e2fcfff..7844d61 100644
--- a/dns/namedict.py
+++ b/dns/namedict.py
@@ -54,4 +54,12 @@ class NameDict(MutableMapping):
         Returns a ``(key, value)`` where *key* is the deepest
         ``dns.name.Name``, and *value* is the value associated with *key*.
         """
-        pass
+        if not isinstance(name, dns.name.Name):
+            raise ValueError('Name must be a dns.name.Name object')
+
+        for i in range(len(name), -1, -1):
+            candidate = name[:i]
+            if candidate in self.__store:
+                return (candidate, self.__store[candidate])
+
+        return None
diff --git a/dns/nameserver.py b/dns/nameserver.py
index 3c1878b..4cf5eb5 100644
--- a/dns/nameserver.py
+++ b/dns/nameserver.py
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ import dns.query
 class Nameserver:

     def __init__(self):
-        pass
+        self.type = "Generic Nameserver"

     def __str__(self):
-        raise NotImplementedError
+        return f"<{self.type}>"


 class AddressAndPortNameserver(Nameserver):
@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ class Do53Nameserver(AddressAndPortNameserver):

     def __init__(self, address: str, port: int=53):
         super().__init__(address, port)
+        self.type = "DNS-over-UDP/TCP"
+
+    def kind(self):
+        return "do53"


 class DoHNameserver(Nameserver):
@@ -55,6 +59,10 @@ class DoTNameserver(AddressAndPortNameserver):
         super().__init__(address, port)
         self.hostname = hostname
         self.verify = verify
+        self.type = "DNS-over-TLS"
+
+    def kind(self):
+        return "dot"


 class DoQNameserver(AddressAndPortNameserver):
@@ -64,3 +72,7 @@ class DoQNameserver(AddressAndPortNameserver):
         super().__init__(address, port)
         self.verify = verify
         self.server_hostname = server_hostname
+        self.type = "DNS-over-QUIC"
+
+    def kind(self):
+        return "doq"
diff --git a/dns/node.py b/dns/node.py
index 802f226..89e7f0d 100644
--- a/dns/node.py
+++ b/dns/node.py
@@ -53,7 +53,10 @@ class Node:
         Returns a ``str``.

         """
-        pass
+        lines = []
+        for rdataset in self.rdatasets:
+            lines.append(rdataset.to_text(name, **kw))
+        return '\n'.join(lines)

     def __repr__(self):
         return '<DNS node ' + str(id(self)) + '>'
@@ -85,7 +88,17 @@ class Node:
         RRSIGs are deleted.  If the rdataset being appended has
         ``NodeKind.REGULAR`` then CNAME and RRSIG(CNAME) are deleted.
         """
-        pass
+        if rdataset.rdtype in _cname_types:
+            # Remove all rdatasets except KEY, NSEC, NSEC3, and their RRSIGs
+            self.rdatasets = [rds for rds in self.rdatasets if rds.rdtype in _neutral_types or
+                              (rds.rdtype == dns.rdatatype.RRSIG and
+                               rds.covers in _neutral_types)]
+        elif rdataset.rdtype not in _neutral_types:
+            # Remove CNAME and RRSIG(CNAME)
+            self.rdatasets = [rds for rds in self.rdatasets if rds.rdtype not in _cname_types and
+                              not (rds.rdtype == dns.rdatatype.RRSIG and
+                                   rds.covers in _cname_types)]
+        self.rdatasets.append(rdataset)

     def find_rdataset(self, rdclass: dns.rdataclass.RdataClass, rdtype: dns
         .rdatatype.RdataType, covers: dns.rdatatype.RdataType=dns.rdatatype
@@ -114,7 +127,15 @@ class Node:

         Returns a ``dns.rdataset.Rdataset``.
         """
-        pass
+        for rds in self.rdatasets:
+            if rds.rdclass == rdclass and rds.rdtype == rdtype and rds.covers == covers:
+                return rds
+        if create:
+            rds = dns.rdataset.Rdataset(rdclass, rdtype)
+            rds.covers = covers
+            self._append_rdataset(rds)
+            return rds
+        raise KeyError

     def get_rdataset(self, rdclass: dns.rdataclass.RdataClass, rdtype: dns.
         rdatatype.RdataType, covers: dns.rdatatype.RdataType=dns.rdatatype.
@@ -142,7 +163,10 @@ class Node:

         Returns a ``dns.rdataset.Rdataset`` or ``None``.
         """
-        pass
+        try:
+            return self.find_rdataset(rdclass, rdtype, covers, create)
+        except KeyError:
+            return None

     def delete_rdataset(self, rdclass: dns.rdataclass.RdataClass, rdtype:
         dns.rdatatype.RdataType, covers: dns.rdatatype.RdataType=dns.
@@ -158,7 +182,8 @@ class Node:

         *covers*, an ``int``, the covered type.
         """
-        pass
+        self.rdatasets = [rds for rds in self.rdatasets if not (
+            rds.rdclass == rdclass and rds.rdtype == rdtype and rds.covers == covers)]

     def replace_rdataset(self, replacement: dns.rdataset.Rdataset) ->None:
         """Replace an rdataset.
@@ -174,7 +199,11 @@ class Node:
         Raises ``ValueError`` if *replacement* is not a
         ``dns.rdataset.Rdataset``.
         """
-        pass
+        if not isinstance(replacement, dns.rdataset.Rdataset):
+            raise ValueError("replacement must be a dns.rdataset.Rdataset")
+        
+        self.delete_rdataset(replacement.rdclass, replacement.rdtype, replacement.covers)
+        self._append_rdataset(replacement)

     def classify(self) ->NodeKind:
         """Classify a node.
@@ -191,7 +220,22 @@ class Node:
         or a neutral type is a a ``NodeKind.REGULAR`` node.  Regular nodes are
         also commonly referred to as "other data".
         """
-        pass
+        has_cname = False
+        has_regular = False
+        
+        for rdataset in self.rdatasets:
+            if rdataset.rdtype in _cname_types:
+                has_cname = True
+            elif rdataset.rdtype not in _neutral_types:
+                if rdataset.rdtype != dns.rdatatype.RRSIG or rdataset.covers not in _neutral_types:
+                    has_regular = True
+        
+        if has_cname:
+            return NodeKind.CNAME
+        elif has_regular:
+            return NodeKind.REGULAR
+        else:
+            return NodeKind.NEUTRAL


 @dns.immutable.immutable
diff --git a/dns/opcode.py b/dns/opcode.py
index dfea1ae..6027ada 100644
--- a/dns/opcode.py
+++ b/dns/opcode.py
@@ -24,7 +24,10 @@ def from_text(text: str) ->Opcode:

     Returns an ``int``.
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        return Opcode[text.upper()]
+    except KeyError:
+        raise UnknownOpcode(f"Unknown opcode: {text}")


 def from_flags(flags: int) ->Opcode:
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ def from_flags(flags: int) ->Opcode:

     Returns an ``int``.
     """
-    pass
+    return Opcode((flags >> 11) & 0xF)


 def to_flags(value: Opcode) ->int:
@@ -45,7 +48,7 @@ def to_flags(value: Opcode) ->int:

     Returns an ``int``.
     """
-    pass
+    return int(value) << 11


 def to_text(value: Opcode) ->str:
@@ -57,7 +60,10 @@ def to_text(value: Opcode) ->str:

     Returns a ``str``.
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        return Opcode(value).name
+    except ValueError:
+        raise UnknownOpcode(f"Unknown opcode: {value}")


 def is_update(flags: int) ->bool:
@@ -67,7 +73,7 @@ def is_update(flags: int) ->bool:

     Returns a ``bool``.
     """
-    pass
+    return from_flags(flags) == Opcode.UPDATE


 QUERY = Opcode.QUERY
diff --git a/dns/query.py b/dns/query.py
index 2ec4b4f..f0ab424 100644
--- a/dns/query.py
+++ b/dns/query.py
@@ -165,7 +165,48 @@ def https(q: dns.message.Message, where: str, timeout: Optional[float]=None,

     Returns a ``dns.message.Message``.
     """
-    pass
+    if not _have_httpx:
+        raise NoDOH('DNS over HTTPS (DOH) requires httpx')
+
+    if not session:
+        session = httpx.Client(verify=verify)
+
+    wire = q.to_wire()
+    try:
+        if dns.inet.is_address(where):
+            url = f'https://{where}:{port}{path}'
+        else:
+            url = where
+
+        headers = {
+            'accept': 'application/dns-message',
+            'content-type': 'application/dns-message',
+        }
+
+        if post:
+            response = session.post(url, content=wire, headers=headers, timeout=timeout)
+        else:
+            params = {'dns': base64.urlsafe_b64encode(wire).rstrip(b'=').decode()}
+            response = session.get(url, params=params, headers=headers, timeout=timeout)
+
+        response.raise_for_status()
+        r = dns.message.from_wire(response.content,
+                                  keyring=q.keyring,
+                                  request_mac=q.mac,
+                                  one_rr_per_rrset=one_rr_per_rrset,
+                                  ignore_trailing=ignore_trailing)
+        r.time = response.elapsed.total_seconds()
+        if not q.is_response(r):
+            raise BadResponse
+        return r
+    except httpx.HTTPStatusError as e:
+        if e.response.status_code == 413:
+            raise dns.exception.TooBig
+        elif e.response.status_code == 415:
+            raise dns.exception.UnsupportedMediaType
+        raise
+    except httpx.HTTPError as e:
+        raise dns.exception.Timeout(timeout=timeout) from e


 def _udp_recv(sock, max_size, expiration):
@@ -173,7 +214,13 @@ def _udp_recv(sock, max_size, expiration):
     A Timeout exception will be raised if the operation is not completed
     by the expiration time.
     """
-    pass
+    while True:
+        try:
+            return sock.recvfrom(max_size)
+        except BlockingIOError:
+            if expiration and time.time() >= expiration:
+                raise dns.exception.Timeout
+        time.sleep(0.01)


 def _udp_send(sock, data, destination, expiration):
@@ -181,7 +228,13 @@ def _udp_send(sock, data, destination, expiration):
     A Timeout exception will be raised if the operation is not completed
     by the expiration time.
     """
-    pass
+    while True:
+        try:
+            return sock.sendto(data, destination)
+        except BlockingIOError:
+            if expiration and time.time() >= expiration:
+                raise dns.exception.Timeout
+        time.sleep(0.01)


 def send_udp(sock: Any, what: Union[dns.message.Message, bytes],
@@ -201,7 +254,11 @@ def send_udp(sock: Any, what: Union[dns.message.Message, bytes],

     Returns an ``(int, float)`` tuple of bytes sent and the sent time.
     """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(what, dns.message.Message):
+        what = what.to_wire()
+    sent_time = time.time()
+    n = _udp_send(sock, what, destination, expiration)
+    return (n, sent_time)


 def receive_udp(sock: Any, destination: Optional[Any]=None, expiration:
@@ -258,7 +315,43 @@ def receive_udp(sock: Any, destination: Optional[Any]=None, expiration:
     *ignore_errors* is ``True``, check that the received message is a response
     to this query, and if not keep listening for a valid response.
     """
-    pass
+    while True:
+        try:
+            (wire, from_address) = _udp_recv(sock, 65535, expiration)
+        except dns.exception.Timeout:
+            raise
+        received_time = time.time()
+        if expiration and received_time > expiration:
+            raise dns.exception.Timeout
+        if destination:
+            if not ignore_unexpected and from_address != destination:
+                if not ignore_errors:
+                    raise UnexpectedSource(f'got a response from {from_address} instead of {destination}')
+                else:
+                    continue
+        try:
+            r = dns.message.from_wire(wire, keyring=keyring, request_mac=request_mac,
+                                      one_rr_per_rrset=one_rr_per_rrset,
+                                      ignore_trailing=ignore_trailing)
+        except dns.message.ShortHeader:
+            if not ignore_errors:
+                raise
+            continue
+        except dns.exception.FormError:
+            if not ignore_errors:
+                raise
+            continue
+        if query:
+            if not query.is_response(r):
+                if not ignore_errors:
+                    raise BadResponse
+                continue
+        if r.flags & dns.flags.TC and raise_on_truncation:
+            raise dns.message.Truncated
+        if destination:
+            return (r, received_time)
+        else:
+            return (r, received_time, from_address)


 def udp(q: dns.message.Message, where: str, timeout: Optional[float]=None,
diff --git a/dns/quic/_common.py b/dns/quic/_common.py
index d37beb9..9cf8091 100644
--- a/dns/quic/_common.py
+++ b/dns/quic/_common.py
@@ -22,6 +22,25 @@ class Buffer:
         self._buffer = b''
         self._seen_end = False

+    def add(self, data):
+        self._buffer += data
+
+    def get(self, size):
+        if len(self._buffer) < size:
+            raise UnexpectedEOF
+        data = self._buffer[:size]
+        self._buffer = self._buffer[size:]
+        return data
+
+    def remaining(self):
+        return len(self._buffer)
+
+    def set_end(self):
+        self._seen_end = True
+
+    def at_end(self):
+        return self._seen_end and len(self._buffer) == 0
+

 class BaseQuicStream:

@@ -31,6 +50,26 @@ class BaseQuicStream:
         self._buffer = Buffer()
         self._expecting = 0

+    def add(self, data, end):
+        self._buffer.add(data)
+        if end:
+            self._buffer.set_end()
+
+    def get(self, size):
+        return self._buffer.get(size)
+
+    def remaining(self):
+        return self._buffer.remaining()
+
+    def at_end(self):
+        return self._buffer.at_end()
+
+    def expect(self, size):
+        self._expecting = size
+
+    def expecting(self):
+        return self._expecting
+

 class BaseQuicConnection:

@@ -57,6 +96,30 @@ class BaseQuicConnection:
         else:
             self._source = None

+    def close(self):
+        if not self._closed:
+            self._connection.close()
+            self._closed = True
+            if self._manager:
+                self._manager._remove_connection(self)
+
+    def is_closed(self):
+        return self._closed
+
+    def get_stream(self, stream_id):
+        if stream_id not in self._streams:
+            self._streams[stream_id] = self._connection_factory(self, stream_id)
+        return self._streams[stream_id]
+
+    def remove_stream(self, stream_id):
+        if stream_id in self._streams:
+            del self._streams[stream_id]
+
+    def handle_event(self, event):
+        if isinstance(event, aioquic.quic.events.StreamDataReceived):
+            stream = self.get_stream(event.stream_id)
+            stream.add(event.data, event.end_stream)
+

 class AsyncQuicConnection(BaseQuicConnection):
     pass
@@ -81,6 +144,38 @@ class BaseQuicManager:
                 conf.load_verify_locations(verify_path)
         self._conf = conf

+    def _remove_connection(self, connection):
+        key = (connection._address, connection._port)
+        if key in self._connections:
+            del self._connections[key]
+
+    def _add_connection(self, connection):
+        key = (connection._address, connection._port)
+        self._connections[key] = connection
+
+    def get_connection(self, address, port):
+        key = (address, port)
+        return self._connections.get(key)
+
+    def close(self):
+        for connection in list(self._connections.values()):
+            connection.close()
+        self._connections.clear()
+
+    def save_session_ticket(self, ticket):
+        if len(self._session_tickets) >= MAX_SESSION_TICKETS:
+            tickets_to_remove = sorted(self._session_tickets.items(), key=lambda x: x[1][1])[:SESSIONS_TO_DELETE]
+            for key, _ in tickets_to_remove:
+                del self._session_tickets[key]
+        self._session_tickets[ticket.ticket] = (ticket, time.time())
+
+    def get_session_ticket(self, server_name):
+        now = time.time()
+        valid_tickets = [(t, ts) for t, (ticket, ts) in self._session_tickets.items() if now - ts < ticket.max_age]
+        if valid_tickets:
+            return max(valid_tickets, key=lambda x: x[1])[0]
+        return None
+

 class AsyncQuicManager(BaseQuicManager):
     pass
diff --git a/dns/rcode.py b/dns/rcode.py
index 820a695..5e7d590 100644
--- a/dns/rcode.py
+++ b/dns/rcode.py
@@ -41,7 +41,14 @@ def from_text(text: str) ->Rcode:

     Returns a ``dns.rcode.Rcode``.
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        return Rcode[text.upper()]
+    except KeyError:
+        try:
+            value = int(text)
+            return Rcode(value)
+        except (ValueError, KeyError):
+            raise UnknownRcode(f"Unknown rcode mnemonic: {text}")


 def from_flags(flags: int, ednsflags: int) ->Rcode:
@@ -55,7 +62,10 @@ def from_flags(flags: int, ednsflags: int) ->Rcode:

     Returns a ``dns.rcode.Rcode``.
     """
-    pass
+    rcode = (flags & 0x000f) | ((ednsflags & 0xff0000) >> 4)
+    if rcode < 0 or rcode > 4095:
+        raise ValueError(f"rcode {rcode} is out of range")
+    return Rcode(rcode)


 def to_flags(value: Rcode) ->Tuple[int, int]:
@@ -67,7 +77,11 @@ def to_flags(value: Rcode) ->Tuple[int, int]:

     Returns an ``(int, int)`` tuple.
     """
-    pass
+    if value < 0 or value > 4095:
+        raise ValueError(f"rcode {value} is out of range")
+    flags = value & 0x000f
+    ednsflags = (value & 0xff0) << 4
+    return (flags, ednsflags)


 def to_text(value: Rcode, tsig: bool=False) ->str:
@@ -79,7 +93,12 @@ def to_text(value: Rcode, tsig: bool=False) ->str:

     Returns a ``str``.
     """
-    pass
+    if value < 0 or value > 4095:
+        raise ValueError(f"rcode {value} is out of range")
+    try:
+        return Rcode(value).name
+    except ValueError:
+        return str(value)


 NOERROR = Rcode.NOERROR
diff --git a/dns/rdata.py b/dns/rdata.py
index 11cbf5e..123a335 100644
--- a/dns/rdata.py
+++ b/dns/rdata.py
@@ -33,21 +33,23 @@ def _wordbreak(data, chunksize=_chunksize, separator=b' '):
     """Break a binary string into chunks of chunksize characters separated by
     a space.
     """
-    pass
+    return separator.join(data[i:i+chunksize] for i in range(0, len(data), chunksize))


 def _hexify(data, chunksize=_chunksize, separator=b' ', **kw):
     """Convert a binary string into its hex encoding, broken up into chunks
     of chunksize characters separated by a separator.
     """
-    pass
+    hex_data = binascii.hexlify(data)
+    return _wordbreak(hex_data, chunksize, separator)


 def _base64ify(data, chunksize=_chunksize, separator=b' ', **kw):
     """Convert a binary string into its base64 encoding, broken up into chunks
     of chunksize characters separated by a separator.
     """
-    pass
+    b64_data = base64.b64encode(data)
+    return _wordbreak(b64_data, chunksize, separator)


 __escaped = b'"\\'
@@ -55,14 +57,17 @@ __escaped = b'"\\'

 def _escapify(qstring):
     """Escape the characters in a quoted string which need it."""
-    pass
+    return b''.join(b'\\' + ch if ch in __escaped else ch for ch in qstring)


 def _truncate_bitmap(what):
     """Determine the index of greatest byte that isn't all zeros, and
     return the bitmap that contains all the bytes less than that index.
     """
-    pass
+    for i in range(len(what) - 1, -1, -1):
+        if what[i] != 0:
+            return what[:i+1]
+    return b''


 _constify = dns.immutable.constify
@@ -107,7 +112,7 @@ class Rdata:

         Returns a ``dns.rdatatype.RdataType``.
         """
-        pass
+        return dns.rdatatype.NONE

     def extended_rdatatype(self) ->int:
         """Return a 32-bit type value, the least significant 16 bits of
@@ -116,7 +121,7 @@ class Rdata:

         Returns an ``int``.
         """
-        pass
+        return self.covers() << 16 | self.rdtype

     def to_text(self, origin: Optional[dns.name.Name]=None, relativize:
         bool=True, **kw: Dict[str, Any]) ->str:
@@ -141,7 +146,7 @@ class Rdata:

         Returns a ``dns.rdata.GenericRdata``.
         """
-        pass
+        return dns.rdata.GenericRdata(self.rdclass, self.rdtype, self.to_wire(origin=origin))

     def to_digestable(self, origin: Optional[dns.name.Name]=None) ->bytes:
         """Convert rdata to a format suitable for digesting in hashes.  This
@@ -180,7 +185,23 @@ class Rdata:
             In the future, all ordering comparisons for rdata with
             relative names will be disallowed.
         """
-        pass
+        our_relative = False
+        their_relative = False
+        try:
+            our = self.to_digestable()
+        except dns.name.NeedAbsoluteNameOrOrigin:
+            our = self.to_digestable(dns.name.root)
+            our_relative = True
+        try:
+            their = other.to_digestable()
+        except dns.name.NeedAbsoluteNameOrOrigin:
+            their = other.to_digestable(dns.name.root)
+            their_relative = True
+        if our_relative and not their_relative:
+            return -1
+        elif their_relative and not our_relative:
+            return 1
+        return (our > their) - (our < their)

     def __eq__(self, other):
         if not isinstance(other, Rdata):
@@ -248,7 +269,9 @@ class Rdata:

         Returns an instance of the same Rdata subclass as *self*.
         """
-        pass
+        new_kwargs = {slot: getattr(self, slot) for slot in self.__slots__ if slot not in ['rdclass', 'rdtype']}
+        new_kwargs.update(kwargs)
+        return type(self)(**new_kwargs)


 @dns.immutable.immutable
@@ -311,7 +334,17 @@ def from_text(rdclass: Union[dns.rdataclass.RdataClass, str], rdtype: Union
     Returns an instance of the chosen Rdata subclass.

     """
-    pass
+    rdclass = dns.rdataclass.RdataClass.make(rdclass)
+    rdtype = dns.rdatatype.RdataType.make(rdtype)
+
+    if isinstance(tok, str):
+        tok = dns.tokenizer.Tokenizer(tok, idna_codec=idna_codec)
+
+    cls = _get_rdata_class(rdclass, rdtype)
+    if cls:
+        return cls.from_text(rdclass, rdtype, tok, origin, relativize, relativize_to)
+    else:
+        return GenericRdata.from_text(rdclass, rdtype, tok, origin, relativize, relativize_to)


 def from_wire_parser(rdclass: Union[dns.rdataclass.RdataClass, str], rdtype:
@@ -339,7 +372,14 @@ def from_wire_parser(rdclass: Union[dns.rdataclass.RdataClass, str], rdtype:

     Returns an instance of the chosen Rdata subclass.
     """
-    pass
+    rdclass = dns.rdataclass.RdataClass.make(rdclass)
+    rdtype = dns.rdatatype.RdataType.make(rdtype)
+
+    cls = _get_rdata_class(rdclass, rdtype)
+    if cls:
+        return cls.from_wire_parser(rdclass, rdtype, parser, origin)
+    else:
+        return GenericRdata.from_wire_parser(rdclass, rdtype, parser, origin)


 def from_wire(rdclass: Union[dns.rdataclass.RdataClass, str], rdtype: Union
@@ -371,7 +411,12 @@ def from_wire(rdclass: Union[dns.rdataclass.RdataClass, str], rdtype: Union

     Returns an instance of the chosen Rdata subclass.
     """
-    pass
+    rdclass = dns.rdataclass.RdataClass.make(rdclass)
+    rdtype = dns.rdatatype.RdataType.make(rdtype)
+
+    parser = dns.wire.Parser(wire, current)
+    with parser.restrict_to(rdlen):
+        return from_wire_parser(rdclass, rdtype, parser, origin)


 class RdatatypeExists(dns.exception.DNSException):
@@ -399,4 +444,16 @@ def register_type(implementation: Any, rdtype: int, rdtype_text: str,
     *rdclass*, the rdataclass of the type, or ``dns.rdataclass.ANY`` if
     it applies to all classes.
     """
-    pass
+    rdclass = dns.rdataclass.RdataClass.make(rdclass)
+    rdtype = dns.rdatatype.RdataType.make(rdtype)
+    
+    if (rdclass, rdtype) in _rdata_classes:
+        raise RdatatypeExists(rdclass=rdclass, rdtype=rdtype)
+    
+    _rdata_classes[(rdclass, rdtype)] = implementation
+    
+    if rdclass == dns.rdataclass.ANY:
+        for c in dns.rdataclass.RdataClass:
+            dns.rdatatype.register_type(rdtype, rdtype_text, c, is_singleton)
+    else:
+        dns.rdatatype.register_type(rdtype, rdtype_text, rdclass, is_singleton)
diff --git a/dns/rdataclass.py b/dns/rdataclass.py
index 2db3e64..6c99cae 100644
--- a/dns/rdataclass.py
+++ b/dns/rdataclass.py
@@ -37,7 +37,20 @@ def from_text(text: str) ->RdataClass:

     Returns a ``dns.rdataclass.RdataClass``.
     """
-    pass
+    text = text.upper()
+    try:
+        return RdataClass[text]
+    except KeyError:
+        if text.startswith('CLASS'):
+            try:
+                value = int(text[5:])
+                if 0 <= value <= 65535:
+                    return RdataClass(value)
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError("DNS rdata class must be between 0 and 65535")
+            except ValueError:
+                pass
+    raise UnknownRdataclass(f"Unknown DNS class: {text}")


 def to_text(value: RdataClass) ->str:
@@ -50,7 +63,13 @@ def to_text(value: RdataClass) ->str:

     Returns a ``str``.
     """
-    pass
+    if not 0 <= value <= 65535:
+        raise ValueError("DNS rdata class must be between 0 and 65535")
+    
+    try:
+        return RdataClass(value).name
+    except ValueError:
+        return f'CLASS{value}'


 def is_metaclass(rdclass: RdataClass) ->bool:
@@ -60,7 +79,7 @@ def is_metaclass(rdclass: RdataClass) ->bool:

     *rdclass* is a ``dns.rdataclass.RdataClass``.
     """
-    pass
+    return rdclass in _metaclasses


 RESERVED0 = RdataClass.RESERVED0
diff --git a/dns/rdataset.py b/dns/rdataset.py
index 7228b61..87a37d6 100644
--- a/dns/rdataset.py
+++ b/dns/rdataset.py
@@ -56,7 +56,12 @@ class Rdataset(dns.set.Set):

         *ttl*, an ``int`` or ``str``.
         """
-        pass
+        if isinstance(ttl, str):
+            ttl = dns.ttl.from_text(ttl)
+        if len(self) == 0:
+            self.ttl = ttl
+        else:
+            self.ttl = min(self.ttl, ttl)

     def add(self, rd: dns.rdata.Rdata, ttl: Optional[int]=None) ->None:
         """Add the specified rdata to the rdataset.
@@ -74,7 +79,20 @@ class Rdataset(dns.set.Set):
         Raises ``dns.rdataset.DifferingCovers`` if the type is a signature
         type and the covered type does not match that of the rdataset.
         """
-        pass
+        if ttl is not None:
+            self.update_ttl(ttl)
+
+        if self.rdclass != rd.rdclass or self.rdtype != rd.rdtype:
+            raise IncompatibleTypes
+
+        if dns.rdatatype.is_singleton(self.rdtype) and len(self) > 0:
+            self.clear()
+
+        if self.rdtype == dns.rdatatype.RRSIG:
+            if rd.covers != self.covers:
+                raise DifferingCovers
+
+        super().add(rd)

     def update(self, other):
         """Add all rdatas in other to self.
@@ -82,7 +100,15 @@ class Rdataset(dns.set.Set):
         *other*, a ``dns.rdataset.Rdataset``, the rdataset from which
         to update.
         """
-        pass
+        if self.rdclass != other.rdclass or self.rdtype != other.rdtype:
+            raise IncompatibleTypes
+
+        if other.covers != self.covers:
+            raise DifferingCovers
+
+        self.update_ttl(other.ttl)
+        for rd in other:
+            self.add(rd)

     def __repr__(self):
         if self.covers == 0:
@@ -135,7 +161,17 @@ class Rdataset(dns.set.Set):
         *want_comments*, a ``bool``.  If ``True``, emit comments for rdata
         which have them.  The default is ``False``.
         """
-        pass
+        rdclass = self.rdclass if override_rdclass is None else override_rdclass
+        result = []
+        for rd in self:
+            if name is not None:
+                result.append(f"{name.choose_relativity(origin, relativize)} ")
+            result.append(f"{self.ttl} {dns.rdataclass.to_text(rdclass)} {dns.rdatatype.to_text(self.rdtype)} ")
+            result.append(rd.to_text(origin=origin, relativize=relativize, **kw))
+            if want_comments and rd.rdcomment:
+                result.append(f" ; {rd.rdcomment}")
+            result.append("\n")
+        return "".join(result)

     def to_wire(self, name: dns.name.Name, file: Any, compress: Optional[
         dns.name.CompressType]=None, origin: Optional[dns.name.Name]=None,
@@ -164,14 +200,28 @@ class Rdataset(dns.set.Set):

         Returns an ``int``, the number of records emitted.
         """
-        pass
+        rdclass = self.rdclass if override_rdclass is None else override_rdclass
+        rdatas = list(self)
+        if want_shuffle:
+            random.shuffle(rdatas)
+        
+        count = 0
+        for rd in rdatas:
+            name.to_wire(file, compress, origin)
+            file.write(struct.pack("!HHI", rdclass, self.rdtype, self.ttl))
+            rd.to_wire(file, compress, origin)
+            count += 1
+        
+        return count

     def match(self, rdclass: dns.rdataclass.RdataClass, rdtype: dns.
         rdatatype.RdataType, covers: dns.rdatatype.RdataType) ->bool:
         """Returns ``True`` if this rdataset matches the specified class,
         type, and covers.
         """
-        pass
+        return (self.rdclass == rdclass and
+                self.rdtype == rdtype and
+                self.covers == covers)

     def processing_order(self) ->List[dns.rdata.Rdata]:
         """Return rdatas in a valid processing order according to the type's
@@ -182,7 +232,23 @@ class Rdataset(dns.set.Set):
         For types that do not define a processing order, the rdatas are
         simply shuffled.
         """
-        pass
+        rdatas = list(self)
+        if self.rdtype == dns.rdatatype.MX:
+            def key_func(rdata):
+                return rdata.preference
+            rdatas.sort(key=key_func)
+            
+            # Group and shuffle rdatas with the same preference
+            from itertools import groupby
+            shuffled = []
+            for _, group in groupby(rdatas, key=key_func):
+                group_list = list(group)
+                random.shuffle(group_list)
+                shuffled.extend(group_list)
+            return shuffled
+        else:
+            random.shuffle(rdatas)
+            return rdatas


 @dns.immutable.immutable
diff --git a/dns/rdatatype.py b/dns/rdatatype.py
index f375d83..025a2da 100644
--- a/dns/rdatatype.py
+++ b/dns/rdatatype.py
@@ -114,7 +114,21 @@ def from_text(text: str) ->RdataType:

     Returns a ``dns.rdatatype.RdataType``.
     """
-    pass
+    text = text.upper()
+    if text.startswith('TYPE'):
+        try:
+            value = int(text[4:])
+            if 0 <= value <= 65535:
+                return RdataType(value)
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("Rdata type value must be between 0 and 65535")
+        except ValueError:
+            raise UnknownRdatatype(f"Unknown rdatatype: {text}")
+    
+    try:
+        return RdataType[text]
+    except KeyError:
+        raise UnknownRdatatype(f"Unknown rdatatype: {text}")


 def to_text(value: RdataType) ->str:
@@ -127,7 +141,16 @@ def to_text(value: RdataType) ->str:

     Returns a ``str``.
     """
-    pass
+    if not isinstance(value, RdataType):
+        value = RdataType(value)
+    
+    if 0 <= value <= 65535:
+        try:
+            return _registered_by_value[value]
+        except KeyError:
+            return f'TYPE{value}'
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("Rdata type value must be between 0 and 65535")


 def is_metatype(rdtype: RdataType) ->bool:
@@ -140,7 +163,9 @@ def is_metatype(rdtype: RdataType) ->bool:

     Returns a ``bool``.
     """
-    pass
+    return rdtype in {RdataType.TKEY, RdataType.TSIG, RdataType.IXFR, 
+                      RdataType.AXFR, RdataType.MAILA, RdataType.MAILB, 
+                      RdataType.ANY, RdataType.OPT}


 def is_singleton(rdtype: RdataType) ->bool:
@@ -156,7 +181,7 @@ def is_singleton(rdtype: RdataType) ->bool:

     Returns a ``bool``.
     """
-    pass
+    return rdtype in _singletons


 def register_type(rdtype: RdataType, rdtype_text: str, is_singleton: bool=False
@@ -170,7 +195,11 @@ def register_type(rdtype: RdataType, rdtype_text: str, is_singleton: bool=False
     *is_singleton*, a ``bool``, indicating if the type is a singleton (i.e.
     RRsets of the type can have only one member.)
     """
-    pass
+    rdtype_text = rdtype_text.upper()
+    _registered_by_text[rdtype_text] = rdtype
+    _registered_by_value[rdtype] = rdtype_text
+    if is_singleton:
+        _singletons.add(rdtype)


 TYPE0 = RdataType.TYPE0
diff --git a/dns/rdtypes/ANY/AFSDB.py b/dns/rdtypes/ANY/AFSDB.py
index 085e3a6..11ba2c8 100644
--- a/dns/rdtypes/ANY/AFSDB.py
+++ b/dns/rdtypes/ANY/AFSDB.py
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ class AFSDB(dns.rdtypes.mxbase.UncompressedDowncasingMX):
     @property
     def subtype(self):
         """the AFSDB subtype"""
-        pass
+        return self.preference

     @property
     def hostname(self):
         """the AFSDB hostname"""
-        pass
+        return self.exchange
diff --git a/dns/rdtypes/ANY/GPOS.py b/dns/rdtypes/ANY/GPOS.py
index 1f28c06..e95f8dc 100644
--- a/dns/rdtypes/ANY/GPOS.py
+++ b/dns/rdtypes/ANY/GPOS.py
@@ -37,14 +37,14 @@ class GPOS(dns.rdata.Rdata):
     @property
     def float_latitude(self):
         """latitude as a floating point value"""
-        pass
+        return float(self.latitude.decode())

     @property
     def float_longitude(self):
         """longitude as a floating point value"""
-        pass
+        return float(self.longitude.decode())

     @property
     def float_altitude(self):
         """altitude as a floating point value"""
-        pass
+        return float(self.altitude.decode())
diff --git a/dns/rdtypes/ANY/LOC.py b/dns/rdtypes/ANY/LOC.py
index 2be3324..68befe8 100644
--- a/dns/rdtypes/ANY/LOC.py
+++ b/dns/rdtypes/ANY/LOC.py
@@ -48,9 +48,39 @@ class LOC(dns.rdata.Rdata):
     @property
     def float_latitude(self):
         """latitude as a floating point value"""
-        pass
+        return _tuple_to_float(self.latitude)

     @property
     def float_longitude(self):
         """longitude as a floating point value"""
-        pass
+        return _tuple_to_float(self.longitude)
+
+def _tuple_to_float(tuple_coord):
+    """Convert a coordinate tuple to a float value."""
+    degrees, minutes, seconds, milliseconds = tuple_coord
+    return degrees + (minutes / 60.0) + (seconds / 3600.0) + (milliseconds / 3600000.0)
+
+def _float_to_tuple(float_coord):
+    """Convert a float coordinate to a tuple."""
+    degrees = int(float_coord)
+    minutes = int((float_coord - degrees) * 60)
+    seconds = int(((float_coord - degrees) * 60 - minutes) * 60)
+    milliseconds = int((((float_coord - degrees) * 60 - minutes) * 60 - seconds) * 1000)
+    return (degrees, minutes, seconds, milliseconds)
+
+def _check_coordinate_list(coordinate, low, high):
+    """Check if the coordinate is within the specified range."""
+    if len(coordinate) != 4:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('LOC coordinate must be a 4-tuple')
+    for i in range(4):
+        if not isinstance(coordinate[i], int):
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('LOC coordinate must be integers')
+    degrees, minutes, seconds, milliseconds = coordinate
+    if degrees < low or degrees > high:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError(f'LOC degrees must be between {low} and {high}')
+    if minutes < 0 or minutes > 59:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('LOC minutes must be between 0 and 59')
+    if seconds < 0 or seconds > 59:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('LOC seconds must be between 0 and 59')
+    if milliseconds < 0 or milliseconds > 999:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('LOC milliseconds must be between 0 and 999')
diff --git a/dns/rdtypes/ANY/OPT.py b/dns/rdtypes/ANY/OPT.py
index 096cbcb..02b59f6 100644
--- a/dns/rdtypes/ANY/OPT.py
+++ b/dns/rdtypes/ANY/OPT.py
@@ -31,4 +31,4 @@ class OPT(dns.rdata.Rdata):
     @property
     def payload(self):
         """payload size"""
-        pass
+        return self.rdclass
diff --git a/dns/rdtypes/svcbbase.py b/dns/rdtypes/svcbbase.py
index e82b8fd..6dd9ed5 100644
--- a/dns/rdtypes/svcbbase.py
+++ b/dns/rdtypes/svcbbase.py
@@ -110,10 +110,16 @@ class ECHParam(Param):
         self.ech = dns.rdata.Rdata._as_bytes(ech, True)


+@dns.immutable.immutable
+class DOHPathParam(Param):
+    def __init__(self, path):
+        self.path = dns.rdata.Rdata._as_bytes(path, True)
+
+
 _class_for_key = {ParamKey.MANDATORY: MandatoryParam, ParamKey.ALPN:
     ALPNParam, ParamKey.NO_DEFAULT_ALPN: NoDefaultALPNParam, ParamKey.PORT:
     PortParam, ParamKey.IPV4HINT: IPv4HintParam, ParamKey.ECH: ECHParam,
-    ParamKey.IPV6HINT: IPv6HintParam}
+    ParamKey.IPV6HINT: IPv6HintParam, ParamKey.DOHPATH: DOHPathParam}


 @dns.immutable.immutable
diff --git a/dns/renderer.py b/dns/renderer.py
index fbebb17..ad5c015 100644
--- a/dns/renderer.py
+++ b/dns/renderer.py
@@ -80,7 +80,11 @@ class Renderer:
         compression table entries that pointed beyond the truncation
         point.
         """
-        pass
+        self.output.truncate(where)
+        self.output.seek(where)
+        for k, v in list(self.compress.items()):
+            if v >= where:
+                del self.compress[k]

     def _set_section(self, section):
         """Set the renderer's current section.
@@ -91,11 +95,21 @@ class Renderer:
         Raises dns.exception.FormError if an attempt was made to set
         a section value less than the current section.
         """
-        pass
+        if section < self.section:
+            raise dns.exception.FormError('Invalid section ordering')
+        self.section = section

     def add_question(self, qname, rdtype, rdclass=dns.rdataclass.IN):
         """Add a question to the message."""
-        pass
+        self._set_section(QUESTION)
+        before = self.output.tell()
+        qname.to_wire(self.output, self.compress, self.origin)
+        self.output.write(struct.pack("!HH", rdtype, rdclass))
+        after = self.output.tell()
+        if after >= self.max_size:
+            self._rollback(before)
+            raise dns.exception.TooBig
+        self.counts[QUESTION] += 1

     def add_rrset(self, section, rrset, **kw):
         """Add the rrset to the specified section.
@@ -103,7 +117,15 @@ class Renderer:
         Any keyword arguments are passed on to the rdataset's to_wire()
         routine.
         """
-        pass
+        self._set_section(section)
+        before = self.output.tell()
+        n = rrset.name.to_wire(self.output, self.compress, self.origin)
+        rrset.to_wire(self.output, n, self.compress, self.origin, **kw)
+        after = self.output.tell()
+        if after >= self.max_size:
+            self._rollback(before)
+            raise dns.exception.TooBig
+        self.counts[section] += len(rrset)

     def add_rdataset(self, section, name, rdataset, **kw):
         """Add the rdataset to the specified section, using the specified
@@ -112,7 +134,15 @@ class Renderer:
         Any keyword arguments are passed on to the rdataset's to_wire()
         routine.
         """
-        pass
+        self._set_section(section)
+        before = self.output.tell()
+        n = name.to_wire(self.output, self.compress, self.origin)
+        rdataset.to_wire(self.output, n, self.compress, self.origin, **kw)
+        after = self.output.tell()
+        if after >= self.max_size:
+            self._rollback(before)
+            raise dns.exception.TooBig
+        self.counts[section] += len(rdataset)

     def add_opt(self, opt, pad=0, opt_size=0, tsig_size=0):
         """Add *opt* to the additional section, applying padding if desired.  The
@@ -121,16 +151,47 @@ class Renderer:

         Note that we don't have reliable way of knowing how big a GSS-TSIG digest
         might be, so we we might not get an even multiple of the pad in that case."""
-        pass
+        self._set_section(ADDITIONAL)
+        before = self.output.tell()
+        self.add_rrset(ADDITIONAL, opt)
+        after = self.output.tell()
+        if pad:
+            current_size = after + tsig_size
+            desired_size = (((current_size - 1) // pad) + 1) * pad
+            padding = desired_size - current_size
+            if padding > 0:
+                self.output.write(b'\x00' * padding)
+                self.was_padded = True
+        if self.output.tell() >= self.max_size:
+            self._rollback(before)
+            raise dns.exception.TooBig

     def add_edns(self, edns, ednsflags, payload, options=None):
         """Add an EDNS OPT record to the message."""
-        pass
+        # This is a simplified version. You might need to adjust it based on your specific EDNS implementation
+        opt = dns.message.make_opt(payload, edns, ednsflags, options)
+        self.add_opt(opt)

     def add_tsig(self, keyname, secret, fudge, id, tsig_error, other_data,
         request_mac, algorithm=dns.tsig.default_algorithm):
         """Add a TSIG signature to the message."""
-        pass
+        self._set_section(ADDITIONAL)
+        before = self.output.tell()
+        tsig = dns.tsig.generate(self.output.getvalue(), secret, int(time.time()),
+                                 fudge, id, tsig_error, other_data, request_mac,
+                                 algorithm=algorithm)
+        keyname.to_wire(self.output, self.compress, self.origin)
+        self.output.write(struct.pack('!HHIH', dns.rdatatype.TSIG,
+                                      dns.rdataclass.ANY, 0, 0))
+        rdata_start = self.output.tell()
+        self.output.write(tsig)
+        after = self.output.tell()
+        self.output.seek(rdata_start - 2)
+        self.output.write(struct.pack('!H', after - rdata_start))
+        self.counts[ADDITIONAL] += 1
+        if after >= self.max_size:
+            self._rollback(before)
+            raise dns.exception.TooBig

     def add_multi_tsig(self, ctx, keyname, secret, fudge, id, tsig_error,
         other_data, request_mac, algorithm=dns.tsig.default_algorithm):
@@ -141,7 +202,26 @@ class Renderer:
         For the first message in the sequence, give ctx=None. For each
         subsequent message, give the ctx that was returned from the
         add_multi_tsig() call for the previous message."""
-        pass
+        self._set_section(ADDITIONAL)
+        before = self.output.tell()
+        if ctx is None:
+            ctx = dns.tsig.generate_tsig_state()
+        tsig = dns.tsig.generate_tsig(self.output.getvalue(), secret, int(time.time()),
+                                      fudge, id, tsig_error, other_data, request_mac,
+                                      ctx, algorithm=algorithm)
+        keyname.to_wire(self.output, self.compress, self.origin)
+        self.output.write(struct.pack('!HHIH', dns.rdatatype.TSIG,
+                                      dns.rdataclass.ANY, 0, 0))
+        rdata_start = self.output.tell()
+        self.output.write(tsig)
+        after = self.output.tell()
+        self.output.seek(rdata_start - 2)
+        self.output.write(struct.pack('!H', after - rdata_start))
+        self.counts[ADDITIONAL] += 1
+        if after >= self.max_size:
+            self._rollback(before)
+            raise dns.exception.TooBig
+        return ctx

     def write_header(self):
         """Write the DNS message header.
@@ -150,16 +230,19 @@ class Renderer:
         have been rendered, but before the optional TSIG signature
         is added.
         """
-        pass
+        self.output.seek(0)
+        self.output.write(struct.pack('!HHHHHH', self.id, self.flags,
+                                      self.counts[0], self.counts[1],
+                                      self.counts[2], self.counts[3]))

     def get_wire(self):
         """Return the wire format message."""
-        pass
+        return self.output.getvalue()

     def reserve(self, size: int) ->None:
         """Reserve *size* bytes."""
-        pass
+        self.reserved += size

     def release_reserved(self) ->None:
         """Release the reserved bytes."""
-        pass
+        self.reserved = 0
diff --git a/dns/resolver.py b/dns/resolver.py
index 116ab15..ed70836 100644
--- a/dns/resolver.py
+++ b/dns/resolver.py
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ ErrorTuple = Tuple[Optional[str], bool, int, Union[Exception, str],

 def _errors_to_text(errors: List[ErrorTuple]) ->List[str]:
     """Turn a resolution errors trace into a list of text."""
-    pass
+    return [f"{error[0]}:{error[1]}:{error[2]}:{str(error[3])}" for error in errors]


 class LifetimeTimeout(dns.exception.Timeout):
@@ -244,15 +244,18 @@ class CacheBase:

     def reset_statistics(self) ->None:
         """Reset all statistics to zero."""
-        pass
+        with self.lock:
+            self.statistics = CacheStatistics()

     def hits(self) ->int:
         """How many hits has the cache had?"""
-        pass
+        with self.lock:
+            return self.statistics.hits

     def misses(self) ->int:
         """How many misses has the cache had?"""
-        pass
+        with self.lock:
+            return self.statistics.misses

     def get_statistics_snapshot(self) ->CacheStatistics:
         """Return a consistent snapshot of all the statistics.
@@ -261,7 +264,8 @@ class CacheBase:
         snapshot than to call statistics methods such as hits() and
         misses() individually.
         """
-        pass
+        with self.lock:
+            return CacheStatistics(self.statistics.hits, self.statistics.misses)


 CacheKey = Tuple[dns.name.Name, dns.rdatatype.RdataType, dns.rdataclass.
@@ -282,7 +286,12 @@ class Cache(CacheBase):

     def _maybe_clean(self) ->None:
         """Clean the cache if it's time to do so."""
-        pass
+        now = time.time()
+        if self.next_cleaning <= now:
+            keys_to_delete = [k for k, v in self.data.items() if v.expiration <= now]
+            for key in keys_to_delete:
+                del self.data[key]
+            self.next_cleaning = now + self.cleaning_interval

     def get(self, key: CacheKey) ->Optional[Answer]:
         """Get the answer associated with *key*.
@@ -294,7 +303,14 @@ class Cache(CacheBase):

         Returns a ``dns.resolver.Answer`` or ``None``.
         """
-        pass
+        self._maybe_clean()
+        with self.lock:
+            answer = self.data.get(key)
+            if answer and answer.expiration > time.time():
+                self.statistics.hits += 1
+                return answer
+            self.statistics.misses += 1
+            return None

     def put(self, key: CacheKey, value: Answer) ->None:
         """Associate key and value in the cache.
@@ -304,7 +320,9 @@ class Cache(CacheBase):

         *value*, a ``dns.resolver.Answer``, the answer.
         """
-        pass
+        self._maybe_clean()
+        with self.lock:
+            self.data[key] = value

     def flush(self, key: Optional[CacheKey]=None) ->None:
         """Flush the cache.
@@ -315,7 +333,12 @@ class Cache(CacheBase):
         *key*, a ``(dns.name.Name, dns.rdatatype.RdataType, dns.rdataclass.RdataClass)``
         tuple whose values are the query name, rdtype, and rdclass respectively.
         """
-        pass
+        with self.lock:
+            if key is not None:
+                self.data.pop(key, None)
+            else:
+                self.data.clear()
+            self.next_cleaning = time.time() + self.cleaning_interval


 class LRUCacheNode:
@@ -360,11 +383,25 @@ class LRUCache(CacheBase):

         Returns a ``dns.resolver.Answer`` or ``None``.
         """
-        pass
+        with self.lock:
+            node = self.data.get(key)
+            if node is None:
+                self.statistics.misses += 1
+                return None
+            if node.value.expiration <= time.time():
+                self.data.pop(key)
+                self.statistics.misses += 1
+                return None
+            node.hits += 1
+            self.statistics.hits += 1
+            self._move_to_front(node)
+            return node.value

     def get_hits_for_key(self, key: CacheKey) ->int:
         """Return the number of cache hits associated with the specified key."""
-        pass
+        with self.lock:
+            node = self.data.get(key)
+            return node.hits if node else 0

     def put(self, key: CacheKey, value: Answer) ->None:
         """Associate key and value in the cache.
@@ -374,7 +411,18 @@ class LRUCache(CacheBase):

         *value*, a ``dns.resolver.Answer``, the answer.
         """
-        pass
+        with self.lock:
+            if key in self.data:
+                node = self.data[key]
+                node.value = value
+                node.hits = 0
+                self._move_to_front(node)
+            else:
+                while len(self.data) >= self.max_size:
+                    self._remove_last()
+                node = LRUCacheNode(key, value)
+                self.data[key] = node
+                self._add_to_front(node)

     def flush(self, key: Optional[CacheKey]=None) ->None:
         """Flush the cache.
@@ -385,7 +433,31 @@ class LRUCache(CacheBase):
         *key*, a ``(dns.name.Name, dns.rdatatype.RdataType, dns.rdataclass.RdataClass)``
         tuple whose values are the query name, rdtype, and rdclass respectively.
         """
-        pass
+        with self.lock:
+            if key is not None:
+                self.data.pop(key, None)
+            else:
+                self.data.clear()
+                self.sentinel.prev = self.sentinel
+                self.sentinel.next = self.sentinel
+
+    def _move_to_front(self, node: LRUCacheNode) ->None:
+        node.prev.next = node.next
+        node.next.prev = node.prev
+        self._add_to_front(node)
+
+    def _add_to_front(self, node: LRUCacheNode) ->None:
+        node.next = self.sentinel.next
+        node.prev = self.sentinel
+        self.sentinel.next.prev = node
+        self.sentinel.next = node
+
+    def _remove_last(self) ->None:
+        if self.data:
+            node = self.sentinel.prev
+            node.prev.next = self.sentinel
+            self.sentinel.prev = node.prev
+            del self.data[node.key]


 class _Resolution:
@@ -438,7 +510,22 @@ class _Resolution:
         Returns a (request, answer) tuple.  At most one of request or
         answer will not be None.
         """
-        pass
+        while self.qnames:
+            self.qname = self.qnames.pop(0)
+            key = (self.qname, self.rdtype, self.rdclass)
+            answer = self.resolver.cache.get(key)
+            if answer:
+                return (None, answer)
+            request = dns.message.make_query(self.qname, self.rdtype, self.rdclass)
+            if self.resolver.keyname is not None:
+                request.use_tsig(self.resolver.keyring, self.resolver.keyname,
+                                 algorithm=self.resolver.keyalgorithm)
+            request.use_edns(self.resolver.edns, self.resolver.ednsflags,
+                             self.resolver.payload, options=self.resolver.ednsoptions)
+            if self.resolver.flags is not None:
+                request.flags = self.resolver.flags
+            return (request, None)
+        return (None, None)


 class BaseResolver:
@@ -485,7 +572,26 @@ class BaseResolver:

     def reset(self) ->None:
         """Reset all resolver configuration to the defaults."""
-        pass
+        self.domain = dns.name.Name(labels=[])
+        self.nameserver_ports = {}
+        self.port = 53
+        self.search = []
+        self.use_search_by_default = False
+        self.timeout = 2.0
+        self.lifetime = 5.0
+        self.keyring = None
+        self.keyname = None
+        self.keyalgorithm = dns.tsig.default_algorithm
+        self.edns = -1
+        self.ednsflags = 0
+        self.ednsoptions = None
+        self.payload = 0
+        self.cache = Cache()
+        self.flags = None
+        self.retry_servfail = False
+        self.rotate = False
+        self.ndots = None
+        self._nameservers = []

     def read_resolv_conf(self, f: Any) ->None:
         """Process *f* as a file in the /etc/resolv.conf format.  If f is
@@ -503,11 +609,86 @@ class BaseResolver:
         - options - supported options are rotate, timeout, edns0, and ndots

         """
-        pass
+        if isinstance(f, str):
+            try:
+                with open(f, 'r') as fp:
+                    self._process_resolv_conf(fp)
+            except IOError:
+                # /etc/resolv.conf doesn't exist, can't be read, etc.
+                # We'll just use the default resolver configuration.
+                pass
+        else:
+            self._process_resolv_conf(f)
+
+    def _process_resolv_conf(self, f):
+        nameservers = []
+        domain = None
+        search = []
+        for line in f:
+            if line.startswith('#'):
+                continue
+            tokens = line.split()
+            if len(tokens) == 0:
+                continue
+            if tokens[0] == 'nameserver':
+                nameservers.extend(tokens[1:])
+            elif tokens[0] == 'domain':
+                domain = tokens[1]
+            elif tokens[0] == 'search':
+                search.extend(tokens[1:])
+            elif tokens[0] == 'options':
+                for token in tokens[1:]:
+                    if token.startswith('ndots:'):
+                        self.ndots = int(token.split(':')[1])
+                    elif token == 'rotate':
+                        self.rotate = True
+                    elif token.startswith('timeout:'):
+                        self.timeout = float(token.split(':')[1])
+                    elif token == 'edns0':
+                        self.use_edns()
+
+        if nameservers:
+            self.nameservers = nameservers
+        if domain:
+            self.domain = dns.name.from_text(domain)
+        if search:
+            self.search = [dns.name.from_text(s) for s in search]

     def read_registry(self) ->None:
         """Extract resolver configuration from the Windows registry."""
-        pass
+        try:
+            import winreg
+        except ImportError:
+            # Not on Windows, or winreg is not available
+            return
+
+        lm = winreg.ConnectRegistry(None, winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE)
+        try:
+            tcp_params = winreg.OpenKey(lm, r'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters')
+        except WindowsError:
+            # Key not found, return without changing anything
+            return
+
+        try:
+            search = winreg.QueryValueEx(tcp_params, 'SearchList')[0].split(',')
+            self.search = [dns.name.from_text(s) for s in search]
+        except WindowsError:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            domain = winreg.QueryValueEx(tcp_params, 'Domain')[0]
+            self.domain = dns.name.from_text(domain)
+        except WindowsError:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            nameservers = winreg.QueryValueEx(tcp_params, 'NameServer')[0].split(',')
+            self.nameservers = nameservers
+        except WindowsError:
+            pass
+
+        winreg.CloseKey(tcp_params)
+        winreg.CloseKey(lm)

     def use_tsig(self, keyring: Any, keyname: Optional[Union[dns.name.Name,
         str]]=None, algorithm: Union[dns.name.Name, str]=dns.tsig.
diff --git a/dns/reversename.py b/dns/reversename.py
index 416c57f..48952fd 100644
--- a/dns/reversename.py
+++ b/dns/reversename.py
@@ -27,7 +27,19 @@ def from_address(text: str, v4_origin: dns.name.Name=ipv4_reverse_domain,

     Returns a ``dns.name.Name``.
     """
-    pass
+    try:
+        # Try parsing as IPv4
+        parts = dns.ipv4.inet_aton(text)
+        labels = [dns.name.from_text(str(byte)) for byte in reversed(parts)]
+        return dns.name.Name(labels + list(v4_origin.labels))
+    except dns.exception.SyntaxError:
+        try:
+            # Try parsing as IPv6
+            parts = dns.ipv6.inet_aton(text)
+            labels = [dns.name.from_text(f"{x:x}") for x in reversed(parts)]
+            return dns.name.Name(labels + list(v6_origin.labels))
+        except dns.exception.SyntaxError:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError(f"Invalid IP address: {text}")


 def to_address(name: dns.name.Name, v4_origin: dns.name.Name=
@@ -48,4 +60,26 @@ def to_address(name: dns.name.Name, v4_origin: dns.name.Name=

     Returns a ``str``.
     """
-    pass
+    if name.is_subdomain(v4_origin):
+        # IPv4 address
+        labels = list(name.labels)
+        if len(labels) > len(v4_origin.labels):
+            labels = labels[:-len(v4_origin.labels)]
+        labels.reverse()
+        octets = [int(label.decode()) for label in labels]
+        if len(octets) != 4:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("Invalid IPv4 reverse-map name")
+        return dns.ipv4.inet_ntoa(bytes(octets))
+    elif name.is_subdomain(v6_origin):
+        # IPv6 address
+        labels = list(name.labels)
+        if len(labels) > len(v6_origin.labels):
+            labels = labels[:-len(v6_origin.labels)]
+        labels.reverse()
+        hexdigits = ''.join(label.decode() for label in labels)
+        if len(hexdigits) != 32:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("Invalid IPv6 reverse-map name")
+        address = ':'.join(hexdigits[i:i+4] for i in range(0, 32, 4))
+        return dns.ipv6.inet_ntoa(dns.ipv6.inet_aton(address))
+    else:
+        raise dns.exception.SyntaxError("Name is not a reverse-map domain name")
diff --git a/dns/rrset.py b/dns/rrset.py
index f235f64..93aae7f 100644
--- a/dns/rrset.py
+++ b/dns/rrset.py
@@ -62,7 +62,9 @@ class RRset(dns.rdataset.Rdataset):
         makes RRsets matchable as Rdatasets while preserving backwards
         compatibility.)
         """
-        pass
+        if args and isinstance(args[0], dns.name.Name):
+            return self.full_match(*args, **kwargs)
+        return super().match(*args, **kwargs)

     def full_match(self, name: dns.name.Name, rdclass: dns.rdataclass.
         RdataClass, rdtype: dns.rdatatype.RdataType, covers: dns.rdatatype.
@@ -70,7 +72,11 @@ class RRset(dns.rdataset.Rdataset):
         """Returns ``True`` if this rrset matches the specified name, class,
         type, covers, and deletion state.
         """
-        pass
+        return (self.name == name and
+                self.rdclass == rdclass and
+                self.rdtype == rdtype and
+                self.covers == covers and
+                self.deleting == deleting)

     def to_text(self, origin: Optional[dns.name.Name]=None, relativize:
         bool=True, **kw: Dict[str, Any]) ->str:
@@ -89,7 +95,12 @@ class RRset(dns.rdataset.Rdataset):
         *relativize*, a ``bool``.  If ``True``, names will be relativized
         to *origin*.
         """
-        pass
+        name = self.name.choose_relativity(origin, relativize)
+        result = []
+        for rdata in self:
+            result.append(f"{name} {self.ttl} {dns.rdataclass.to_text(self.rdclass)} "
+                          f"{dns.rdatatype.to_text(self.rdtype)} {rdata.to_text(**kw)}")
+        return "\n".join(result)

     def to_wire(self, file: Any, compress: Optional[dns.name.CompressType]=
         None, origin: Optional[dns.name.Name]=None, **kw: Dict[str, Any]
@@ -101,14 +112,20 @@ class RRset(dns.rdataset.Rdataset):

         Returns an ``int``, the number of records emitted.
         """
-        pass
+        renderer = dns.renderer.Renderer(file, compress, origin)
+        renderer.add_name(self.name, None)
+        return super().to_wire(renderer, None, **kw)

     def to_rdataset(self) ->dns.rdataset.Rdataset:
         """Convert an RRset into an Rdataset.

         Returns a ``dns.rdataset.Rdataset``.
         """
-        pass
+        rdataset = dns.rdataset.Rdataset(self.rdclass, self.rdtype, self.covers)
+        rdataset.update_ttl(self.ttl)
+        for rdata in self:
+            rdataset.add(rdata)
+        return rdataset


 def from_text_list(name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], ttl: int, rdclass:
@@ -133,7 +150,22 @@ def from_text_list(name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], ttl: int, rdclass:

     Returns a ``dns.rrset.RRset`` object.
     """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(name, str):
+        name = dns.name.from_text(name, origin, idna_codec)
+    if relativize:
+        name = name.relativize(relativize_to or origin)
+    
+    if isinstance(rdclass, str):
+        rdclass = dns.rdataclass.from_text(rdclass)
+    if isinstance(rdtype, str):
+        rdtype = dns.rdatatype.from_text(rdtype)
+    
+    r = RRset(name, rdclass, rdtype)
+    r.update_ttl(ttl)
+    for text_rdata in text_rdatas:
+        rd = dns.rdata.from_text(r.rdclass, r.rdtype, text_rdata, origin, relativize, idna_codec)
+        r.add(rd)
+    return r


 def from_text(name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], ttl: int, rdclass: Union[dns
@@ -144,7 +176,7 @@ def from_text(name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], ttl: int, rdclass: Union[dns

     Returns a ``dns.rrset.RRset`` object.
     """
-    pass
+    return from_text_list(name, ttl, rdclass, rdtype, text_rdatas)


 def from_rdata_list(name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], ttl: int, rdatas:
@@ -160,7 +192,18 @@ def from_rdata_list(name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], ttl: int, rdatas:
     Returns a ``dns.rrset.RRset`` object.

     """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(name, str):
+        name = dns.name.from_text(name, None, idna_codec)
+    
+    if not rdatas:
+        raise ValueError("rdatas must not be empty")
+    
+    first_rdata = next(iter(rdatas))
+    r = RRset(name, first_rdata.rdclass, first_rdata.rdtype)
+    r.update_ttl(ttl)
+    for rdata in rdatas:
+        r.add(rdata)
+    return r


 def from_rdata(name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], ttl: int, *rdatas: Any
@@ -170,4 +213,4 @@ def from_rdata(name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], ttl: int, *rdatas: Any

     Returns a ``dns.rrset.RRset`` object.
     """
-    pass
+    return from_rdata_list(name, ttl, rdatas)
diff --git a/dns/set.py b/dns/set.py
index d90e21f..79de295 100644
--- a/dns/set.py
+++ b/dns/set.py
@@ -26,19 +26,21 @@ class Set:

     def add(self, item):
         """Add an item to the set."""
-        pass
+        self.items[item] = None

     def remove(self, item):
         """Remove an item from the set."""
-        pass
+        del self.items[item]

     def discard(self, item):
         """Remove an item from the set if present."""
-        pass
+        self.items.pop(item, None)

     def pop(self):
         """Remove an arbitrary item from the set."""
-        pass
+        if not self.items:
+            raise KeyError('pop from an empty set')
+        return self.items.popitem()[0]

     def _clone(self) ->'Set':
         """Make a (shallow) copy of the set.
@@ -52,7 +54,9 @@ class Set:
         return new instances (e.g. union) once, and keep using them in
         subclasses.
         """
-        pass
+        clone = Set()
+        clone.items = self.items.copy()
+        return clone

     def __copy__(self):
         """Make a (shallow) copy of the set."""
@@ -60,36 +64,43 @@ class Set:

     def copy(self):
         """Make a (shallow) copy of the set."""
-        pass
+        return self._clone()

     def union_update(self, other):
         """Update the set, adding any elements from other which are not
         already in the set.
         """
-        pass
+        for item in other:
+            self.add(item)

     def intersection_update(self, other):
         """Update the set, removing any elements from other which are not
         in both sets.
         """
-        pass
+        self.items = {item: None for item in self.items if item in other}

     def difference_update(self, other):
         """Update the set, removing any elements from other which are in
         the set.
         """
-        pass
+        for item in other:
+            self.discard(item)

     def symmetric_difference_update(self, other):
         """Update the set, retaining only elements unique to both sets."""
-        pass
+        temp = self.union(other)
+        self.intersection_update(other)
+        temp.difference_update(self)
+        self.update(temp)

     def union(self, other):
         """Return a new set which is the union of ``self`` and ``other``.

         Returns the same Set type as this set.
         """
-        pass
+        result = self._clone()
+        result.union_update(other)
+        return result

     def intersection(self, other):
         """Return a new set which is the intersection of ``self`` and
@@ -97,7 +108,9 @@ class Set:

         Returns the same Set type as this set.
         """
-        pass
+        result = self._clone()
+        result.intersection_update(other)
+        return result

     def difference(self, other):
         """Return a new set which ``self`` - ``other``, i.e. the items
@@ -105,7 +118,9 @@ class Set:

         Returns the same Set type as this set.
         """
-        pass
+        result = self._clone()
+        result.difference_update(other)
+        return result

     def symmetric_difference(self, other):
         """Return a new set which (``self`` - ``other``) | (``other``
@@ -114,7 +129,9 @@ class Set:

         Returns the same Set type as this set.
         """
-        pass
+        result = self._clone()
+        result.symmetric_difference_update(other)
+        return result

     def __or__(self, other):
         return self.union(other)
@@ -158,11 +175,12 @@ class Set:
         *other*, the collection of items with which to update the set, which
         may be any iterable type.
         """
-        pass
+        for item in other:
+            self.add(item)

     def clear(self):
         """Make the set empty."""
-        pass
+        self.items.clear()

     def __eq__(self, other):
         return self.items == other.items
@@ -194,11 +212,11 @@ class Set:

         Returns a ``bool``.
         """
-        pass
+        return all(item in other for item in self.items)

     def issuperset(self, other):
         """Is this set a superset of *other*?

         Returns a ``bool``.
         """
-        pass
+        return all(item in self.items for item in other)
diff --git a/dns/tokenizer.py b/dns/tokenizer.py
index c6a389f..d625eb8 100644
--- a/dns/tokenizer.py
+++ b/dns/tokenizer.py
@@ -128,7 +128,17 @@ class Tokenizer:

     def _get_char(self) ->str:
         """Read a character from input."""
-        pass
+        if self.ungotten_char is not None:
+            c = self.ungotten_char
+            self.ungotten_char = None
+        else:
+            c = self.file.read(1)
+            if c == '\n':
+                self.line_number += 1
+            elif c == '':
+                self.eof = True
+                self.file.close()
+        return c

     def where(self) ->Tuple[str, int]:
         """Return the current location in the input.
@@ -136,7 +146,7 @@ class Tokenizer:
         Returns a (string, int) tuple.  The first item is the filename of
         the input, the second is the current line number.
         """
-        pass
+        return (self.filename, self.line_number)

     def _unget_char(self, c: str) ->None:
         """Unget a character.
@@ -148,7 +158,11 @@ class Tokenizer:
         c: the character to unget
         raises UngetBufferFull: there is already an ungotten char
         """
-        pass
+        if self.ungotten_char is not None:
+            raise UngetBufferFull
+        self.ungotten_char = c
+        if c == '\n':
+            self.line_number -= 1

     def skip_whitespace(self) ->int:
         """Consume input until a non-whitespace character is encountered.
@@ -160,7 +174,17 @@ class Tokenizer:

         Returns the number of characters skipped.
         """
-        pass
+        skipped = 0
+        while True:
+            c = self._get_char()
+            if c == '' or c not in (' ', '\t', '\r', '\n'):
+                if c != '':
+                    self._unget_char(c)
+                return skipped
+            if c == '\n' and self.multiline == 0:
+                self._unget_char(c)
+                return skipped
+            skipped += 1

     def get(self, want_leading: bool=False, want_comment: bool=False) ->Token:
         """Get the next token.
@@ -177,7 +201,76 @@ class Tokenizer:

         Returns a Token.
         """
-        pass
+        if self.ungotten_token is not None:
+            token = self.ungotten_token
+            self.ungotten_token = None
+            return token
+        
+        skipped = self.skip_whitespace()
+        if want_leading and skipped > 0:
+            return Token(WHITESPACE, ' ' * skipped)
+        
+        token = self._get_token()
+        if token.ttype == COMMENT and not want_comment:
+            return self.get(want_leading, want_comment)
+        
+        return token
+
+    def _get_token(self) ->Token:
+        c = self._get_char()
+        if c == '':
+            return Token(EOF)
+        elif c == '\n':
+            return Token(EOL)
+        elif c in self.delimiters:
+            if c == '"':
+                return self._get_quoted_string()
+            elif c == '(':
+                self.multiline += 1
+            elif c == ')':
+                self.multiline = max(0, self.multiline - 1)
+            elif c == ';':
+                return self._get_comment()
+            return Token(DELIMITER, c)
+        else:
+            return self._get_identifier(c)
+
+    def _get_quoted_string(self) ->Token:
+        value = ''
+        while True:
+            c = self._get_char()
+            if c == '':
+                raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Unexpected end of input in quoted string')
+            if c == '"':
+                break
+            if c == '\\':
+                c = self._get_char()
+                if c == '':
+                    raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Unexpected end of input in quoted string')
+            value += c
+        return Token(QUOTED_STRING, value, True)
+
+    def _get_comment(self) ->Token:
+        comment = ''
+        while True:
+            c = self._get_char()
+            if c == '' or c == '\n':
+                if c == '\n':
+                    self._unget_char(c)
+                break
+            comment += c
+        return Token(COMMENT, comment)
+
+    def _get_identifier(self, initial: str) ->Token:
+        value = initial
+        while True:
+            c = self._get_char()
+            if c == '' or c in self.delimiters:
+                if c != '':
+                    self._unget_char(c)
+                break
+            value += c
+        return Token(IDENTIFIER, value)

     def unget(self, token: Token) ->None:
         """Unget a token.
@@ -190,14 +283,16 @@ class Tokenizer:

         Raises UngetBufferFull: there is already an ungotten token
         """
-        pass
+        if self.ungotten_token is not None:
+            raise UngetBufferFull
+        self.ungotten_token = token

     def next(self):
         """Return the next item in an iteration.

         Returns a Token.
         """
-        pass
+        return self.get()
     __next__ = next

     def __iter__(self):
@@ -210,7 +305,13 @@ class Tokenizer:

         Returns an int.
         """
-        pass
+        token = self.get()
+        if token.ttype != IDENTIFIER:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Expected an identifier')
+        try:
+            return int(token.value, base)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Invalid integer')

     def get_uint8(self) ->int:
         """Read the next token and interpret it as an 8-bit unsigned
@@ -220,7 +321,10 @@ class Tokenizer:

         Returns an int.
         """
-        pass
+        value = self.get_int()
+        if value < 0 or value > 255:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Invalid 8-bit unsigned integer')
+        return value

     def get_uint16(self, base: int=10) ->int:
         """Read the next token and interpret it as a 16-bit unsigned
@@ -230,7 +334,10 @@ class Tokenizer:

         Returns an int.
         """
-        pass
+        value = self.get_int(base)
+        if value < 0 or value > 65535:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Invalid 16-bit unsigned integer')
+        return value

     def get_uint32(self, base: int=10) ->int:
         """Read the next token and interpret it as a 32-bit unsigned
@@ -240,7 +347,10 @@ class Tokenizer:

         Returns an int.
         """
-        pass
+        value = self.get_int(base)
+        if value < 0 or value > 4294967295:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Invalid 32-bit unsigned integer')
+        return value

     def get_uint48(self, base: int=10) ->int:
         """Read the next token and interpret it as a 48-bit unsigned
@@ -250,7 +360,10 @@ class Tokenizer:

         Returns an int.
         """
-        pass
+        value = self.get_int(base)
+        if value < 0 or value > 281474976710655:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Invalid 48-bit unsigned integer')
+        return value

     def get_string(self, max_length: Optional[int]=None) ->str:
         """Read the next token and interpret it as a string.
@@ -261,7 +374,12 @@ class Tokenizer:

         Returns a string.
         """
-        pass
+        token = self.get()
+        if token.ttype not in (IDENTIFIER, QUOTED_STRING):
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Expected a string')
+        if max_length is not None and len(token.value) > max_length:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('String length exceeds maximum')
+        return token.value

     def get_identifier(self) ->str:
         """Read the next token, which should be an identifier.
@@ -270,7 +388,10 @@ class Tokenizer:

         Returns a string.
         """
-        pass
+        token = self.get()
+        if token.ttype != IDENTIFIER:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Expected an identifier')
+        return token.value

     def get_remaining(self, max_tokens: Optional[int]=None) ->List[Token]:
         """Return the remaining tokens on the line, until an EOL or EOF is seen.
@@ -279,7 +400,16 @@ class Tokenizer:

         Returns a list of tokens.
         """
-        pass
+        tokens = []
+        while True:
+            token = self.get()
+            if token.ttype in (EOL, EOF):
+                self.unget(token)
+                break
+            tokens.append(token)
+            if max_tokens is not None and len(tokens) >= max_tokens:
+                break
+        return tokens

     def concatenate_remaining_identifiers(self, allow_empty: bool=False) ->str:
         """Read the remaining tokens on the line, which should be identifiers.
@@ -293,7 +423,15 @@ class Tokenizer:
         Returns a string containing a concatenation of the remaining
         identifiers.
         """
-        pass
+        tokens = self.get_remaining()
+        if not tokens and not allow_empty:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('No remaining identifiers')
+        result = ''
+        for token in tokens:
+            if token.ttype != IDENTIFIER:
+                raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Expected an identifier')
+            result += token.value
+        return result

     def as_name(self, token: Token, origin: Optional[dns.name.Name]=None,
         relativize: bool=False, relativize_to: Optional[dns.name.Name]=None
@@ -304,7 +442,15 @@ class Tokenizer:

         Returns a dns.name.Name.
         """
-        pass
+        if token.ttype != IDENTIFIER:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Expected a name')
+        try:
+            name = dns.name.from_text(token.value, origin, self.idna_codec)
+            if relativize:
+                name = name.relativize(relativize_to or origin)
+            return name
+        except dns.exception.DNSException:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Invalid name')

     def get_name(self, origin: Optional[dns.name.Name]=None, relativize:
         bool=False, relativize_to: Optional[dns.name.Name]=None
@@ -315,7 +461,8 @@ class Tokenizer:

         Returns a dns.name.Name.
         """
-        pass
+        token = self.get()
+        return self.as_name(token, origin, relativize, relativize_to)

     def get_eol_as_token(self) ->Token:
         """Read the next token and raise an exception if it isn't EOL or
@@ -323,7 +470,10 @@ class Tokenizer:

         Returns a string.
         """
-        pass
+        token = self.get()
+        if token.ttype not in (EOL, EOF):
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Expected EOL or EOF')
+        return token

     def get_ttl(self) ->int:
         """Read the next token and interpret it as a DNS TTL.
@@ -333,4 +483,10 @@ class Tokenizer:

         Returns an int.
         """
-        pass
+        token = self.get()
+        if token.ttype != IDENTIFIER:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Expected a TTL')
+        try:
+            return dns.ttl.from_text(token.value)
+        except dns.ttl.BadTTL:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError('Invalid TTL')
diff --git a/dns/transaction.py b/dns/transaction.py
index 3acb2f4..f1b34eb 100644
--- a/dns/transaction.py
+++ b/dns/transaction.py
@@ -101,14 +101,19 @@ class Transaction:

         Note that the returned rdataset is immutable.
         """
-        pass
+        self._check_ended()
+        name = dns.name.from_text(name) if isinstance(name, str) else name
+        rdtype = dns.rdatatype.RdataType.make(rdtype)
+        covers = dns.rdatatype.RdataType.make(covers)
+        return self._get_rdataset(name, rdtype, covers)

     def get_node(self, name: dns.name.Name) ->Optional[dns.node.Node]:
         """Return the node at *name*, if any.

         Returns an immutable node or ``None``.
         """
-        pass
+        self._check_ended()
+        return self._get_node(name)

     def add(self, *args: Any) ->None:
         """Add records.
@@ -121,7 +126,28 @@ class Transaction:

             - name, ttl, rdata...
         """
-        pass
+        self._check_ended()
+        if self.read_only:
+            raise ReadOnly
+
+        if len(args) == 1:
+            rrset = args[0]
+            self._put_rdataset(rrset.name, rrset)
+        elif len(args) == 2:
+            name, rdataset = args
+            self._put_rdataset(name, rdataset)
+        elif len(args) >= 3:
+            name, ttl = args[:2]
+            if isinstance(name, str):
+                name = dns.name.from_text(name, None)
+            rdtype = args[2]
+            if isinstance(rdtype, str):
+                rdtype = dns.rdatatype.from_text(rdtype)
+            rdata = args[3:]
+            rdataset = dns.rdataset.from_rdata_list(ttl, rdata)
+            self._put_rdataset(name, rdataset)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("add() requires at least one argument")

     def replace(self, *args: Any) ->None:
         """Replace the existing rdataset at the name with the specified
@@ -140,7 +166,31 @@ class Transaction:
         a delete of the name followed by one or more calls to add() or
         replace().
         """
-        pass
+        self._check_ended()
+        if self.read_only:
+            raise ReadOnly
+
+        if len(args) == 1:
+            rrset = args[0]
+            self._delete_rdataset(rrset.name, rrset.rdtype, rrset.covers)
+            self._put_rdataset(rrset.name, rrset)
+        elif len(args) == 2:
+            name, rdataset = args
+            self._delete_rdataset(name, rdataset.rdtype, rdataset.covers)
+            self._put_rdataset(name, rdataset)
+        elif len(args) >= 3:
+            name, ttl = args[:2]
+            if isinstance(name, str):
+                name = dns.name.from_text(name, None)
+            rdtype = args[2]
+            if isinstance(rdtype, str):
+                rdtype = dns.rdatatype.from_text(rdtype)
+            rdata = args[3:]
+            rdataset = dns.rdataset.from_rdata_list(ttl, rdata)
+            self._delete_rdataset(name, rdtype, dns.rdatatype.NONE)
+            self._put_rdataset(name, rdataset)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("replace() requires at least one argument")

     def delete(self, *args: Any) ->None:
         """Delete records.
@@ -160,7 +210,35 @@ class Transaction:

             - name, rdata...
         """
-        pass
+        self._check_ended()
+        if self.read_only:
+            raise ReadOnly
+
+        if len(args) == 1:
+            arg = args[0]
+            if isinstance(arg, dns.rrset.RRset):
+                self._delete_rdataset(arg.name, arg.rdtype, arg.covers)
+            else:
+                self._delete_name(arg)
+        elif len(args) == 2:
+            name, rdataset = args
+            self._delete_rdataset(name, rdataset.rdtype, rdataset.covers)
+        elif len(args) >= 3:
+            name = args[0]
+            if isinstance(name, str):
+                name = dns.name.from_text(name, None)
+            rdtype = args[1]
+            if isinstance(rdtype, str):
+                rdtype = dns.rdatatype.from_text(rdtype)
+            if len(args) == 3:
+                covers = args[2]
+                if isinstance(covers, str):
+                    covers = dns.rdatatype.from_text(covers)
+            else:
+                covers = dns.rdatatype.NONE
+            self._delete_rdataset(name, rdtype, covers)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("delete() requires at least one argument")

     def delete_exact(self, *args: Any) ->None:
         """Delete records.
diff --git a/dns/tsig.py b/dns/tsig.py
index 38ac6a5..d5315d3 100644
--- a/dns/tsig.py
+++ b/dns/tsig.py
@@ -128,7 +128,30 @@ def _digest(wire, key, rdata, time=None, request_mac=None, ctx=None, multi=None
     @raises ValueError: I{other_data} is too long
     @raises NotImplementedError: I{algorithm} is not supported
     """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(key, Key):
+        if key.algorithm == GSS_TSIG:
+            ctx = GSSTSig(key.secret)
+        else:
+            ctx = HMACTSig(key.secret, key.algorithm)
+    elif ctx is None:
+        raise ValueError("A key or context must be specified")
+    
+    if isinstance(ctx, GSSTSig):
+        if time is None:
+            time = rdata.time_signed
+        ctx.gssapi_context.verify_mic(wire, request_mac)
+        return ctx
+    
+    if time is None:
+        time = rdata.time_signed
+    time_bytes = struct.pack("!H", time)
+    ctx.hmac_context.update(wire)
+    ctx.hmac_context.update(rdata.to_wire())
+    ctx.hmac_context.update(time_bytes)
+    if request_mac is not None:
+        ctx.hmac_context.update(request_mac)
+    
+    return ctx


 def _maybe_start_digest(key, mac, multi):
@@ -136,7 +159,17 @@ def _maybe_start_digest(key, mac, multi):
     start a new context.
     @rtype: dns.tsig.HMACTSig or dns.tsig.GSSTSig object
     """
-    pass
+    if multi:
+        if isinstance(key, Key):
+            if key.algorithm == GSS_TSIG:
+                ctx = GSSTSig(key.secret)
+            else:
+                ctx = HMACTSig(key.secret, key.algorithm)
+        else:
+            ctx = key
+        ctx.hmac_context.update(mac)
+        return ctx
+    return None


 def sign(wire, key, rdata, time=None, request_mac=None, ctx=None, multi=False):
@@ -147,7 +180,19 @@ def sign(wire, key, rdata, time=None, request_mac=None, ctx=None, multi=False):
     @raises ValueError: I{other_data} is too long
     @raises NotImplementedError: I{algorithm} is not supported
     """
-    pass
+    ctx = _digest(wire, key, rdata, time, request_mac, ctx, multi)
+    
+    if isinstance(ctx, GSSTSig):
+        mac = ctx.gssapi_context.get_mic(wire)
+    else:
+        if ctx.size:
+            mac = ctx.hmac_context.digest()[:ctx.size // 8]
+        else:
+            mac = ctx.hmac_context.digest()
+    
+    rdata.mac = mac
+    
+    return (rdata.to_wire(), mac, ctx)


 def validate(wire, key, owner, rdata, now, request_mac, tsig_start, ctx=
@@ -159,7 +204,35 @@ def validate(wire, key, owner, rdata, now, request_mac, tsig_start, ctx=
     server.
     @raises BadSignature: The TSIG signature did not validate
     @rtype: dns.tsig.HMACTSig or dns.tsig.GSSTSig object"""
-    pass
+    if isinstance(key, Key):
+        if key.name != owner:
+            raise BadKey
+    
+    if isinstance(key, Key) and key.algorithm != rdata.algorithm:
+        raise BadAlgorithm
+    
+    time_low = now - 300
+    time_high = now + 300
+    if rdata.time_signed < time_low or rdata.time_signed > time_high:
+        raise BadTime
+    
+    ctx = _digest(wire[:tsig_start], key, rdata, rdata.time_signed, request_mac, ctx, multi)
+    
+    if isinstance(ctx, GSSTSig):
+        try:
+            ctx.gssapi_context.verify_mic(wire[:tsig_start], rdata.mac)
+        except Exception:
+            raise BadSignature
+    else:
+        if ctx.size:
+            computed_mac = ctx.hmac_context.digest()[:ctx.size // 8]
+        else:
+            computed_mac = ctx.hmac_context.digest()
+        
+        if computed_mac != rdata.mac:
+            raise BadSignature
+    
+    return ctx


 def get_context(key):
@@ -168,7 +241,13 @@ def get_context(key):
     @rtype: HMAC context
     @raises NotImplementedError: I{algorithm} is not supported
     """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(key, Key):
+        if key.algorithm == GSS_TSIG:
+            return GSSTSig(key.secret)
+        else:
+            return HMACTSig(key.secret, key.algorithm)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("A Key object must be specified")


 class Key:
diff --git a/dns/tsigkeyring.py b/dns/tsigkeyring.py
index 83df7bd..1393367 100644
--- a/dns/tsigkeyring.py
+++ b/dns/tsigkeyring.py
@@ -11,7 +11,21 @@ def from_text(textring: Dict[str, Any]) ->Dict[dns.name.Name, dns.tsig.Key]:
     a dictionary containing (textual DNS name, (algorithm, base64 secret))
     pairs into a binary keyring which has (dns.name.Name, dns.tsig.Key) pairs.
     @rtype: dict"""
-    pass
+    keyring = {}
+    for name, value in textring.items():
+        key_name = dns.name.from_text(name)
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            # Case 1: (textual DNS name, base64 secret)
+            secret = base64.b64decode(value)
+            keyring[key_name] = secret
+        elif isinstance(value, tuple) and len(value) == 2:
+            # Case 2: (textual DNS name, (algorithm, base64 secret))
+            algorithm, secret = value
+            key = dns.tsig.Key(algorithm, base64.b64decode(secret))
+            keyring[key_name] = key
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid value for key {name}")
+    return keyring


 def to_text(keyring: Dict[dns.name.Name, Any]) ->Dict[str, Any]:
@@ -20,4 +34,17 @@ def to_text(keyring: Dict[dns.name.Name, Any]) ->Dict[str, Any]:
     base64 secret)) pairs, or a dictionary containing (dns.name.Name, bytes)
     pairs into a text keyring which has (textual DNS name, base64 secret) pairs.
     @rtype: dict"""
-    pass
+    textring = {}
+    for name, value in keyring.items():
+        text_name = name.to_text()
+        if isinstance(value, bytes):
+            # Case 1: (dns.name.Name, bytes)
+            textring[text_name] = base64.b64encode(value).decode('ascii')
+        elif isinstance(value, dns.tsig.Key):
+            # Case 2: (dns.name.Name, dns.tsig.Key)
+            algorithm = value.algorithm
+            secret = base64.b64encode(value.secret).decode('ascii')
+            textring[text_name] = (algorithm, secret)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid value for key {name}")
+    return textring
diff --git a/dns/ttl.py b/dns/ttl.py
index 0ade6bc..67fd19e 100644
--- a/dns/ttl.py
+++ b/dns/ttl.py
@@ -19,4 +19,41 @@ def from_text(text: str) ->int:

     Returns an ``int``.
     """
-    pass
+    if not text:
+        raise BadTTL("TTL cannot be empty")
+
+    total_seconds = 0
+    current_value = ""
+    
+    for char in text:
+        if char.isdigit():
+            current_value += char
+        elif char.isalpha():
+            if not current_value:
+                raise BadTTL(f"Invalid TTL format: {text}")
+            
+            value = int(current_value)
+            current_value = ""
+            
+            if char == 'w':
+                total_seconds += value * 7 * 24 * 3600
+            elif char == 'd':
+                total_seconds += value * 24 * 3600
+            elif char == 'h':
+                total_seconds += value * 3600
+            elif char == 'm':
+                total_seconds += value * 60
+            elif char == 's':
+                total_seconds += value
+            else:
+                raise BadTTL(f"Invalid unit: {char}")
+        else:
+            raise BadTTL(f"Invalid character in TTL: {char}")
+    
+    if current_value:
+        total_seconds += int(current_value)
+    
+    if total_seconds > MAX_TTL:
+        raise BadTTL(f"TTL value {total_seconds} is greater than maximum allowed value {MAX_TTL}")
+    
+    return total_seconds
diff --git a/dns/update.py b/dns/update.py
index d53b842..2d56fb7 100644
--- a/dns/update.py
+++ b/dns/update.py
@@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ class UpdateMessage(dns.message.Message):
     @property
     def zone(self) ->List[dns.rrset.RRset]:
         """The zone section."""
-        pass
+        return self.sections[self._section_enum.ZONE]

     @property
     def prerequisite(self) ->List[dns.rrset.RRset]:
         """The prerequisite section."""
-        pass
+        return self.sections[self._section_enum.PREREQ]

     @property
     def update(self) ->List[dns.rrset.RRset]:
@@ -71,7 +71,11 @@ class UpdateMessage(dns.message.Message):

     def _add_rr(self, name, ttl, rd, deleting=None, section=None):
         """Add a single RR to the update section."""
-        pass
+        if section is None:
+            section = self.update
+        rrset = self.find_rrset(section, name, rd.rdclass, rd.rdtype,
+                                deleting, True, True)
+        rrset.add(rd, ttl)

     def _add(self, replace, section, name, *args):
         """Add records.
@@ -88,7 +92,24 @@ class UpdateMessage(dns.message.Message):

                 - ttl, rdtype, string...
         """
-        pass
+        if isinstance(name, str):
+            name = dns.name.from_text(name, None)
+        if isinstance(args[0], dns.rdataset.Rdataset):
+            rdataset = args[0]
+            for rdata in rdataset:
+                self._add_rr(name, rdataset.ttl, rdata, replace, section)
+        else:
+            ttl = args[0]
+            if isinstance(args[1], dns.rdata.Rdata):
+                rdata = args[1]
+                self._add_rr(name, ttl, rdata, replace, section)
+            else:
+                rdtype = args[1]
+                rdtype = dns.rdatatype.RdataType.make(rdtype)
+                rdata = dns.rdata.from_text(self.zone_rdclass, rdtype,
+                                            args[2], origin=self.origin,
+                                            relativize=False)
+                self._add_rr(name, ttl, rdata, replace, section)

     def add(self, name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], *args: Any) ->None:
         """Add records.
@@ -102,7 +123,7 @@ class UpdateMessage(dns.message.Message):

                 - ttl, rdtype, string...
         """
-        pass
+        self._add(False, self.update, name, *args)

     def delete(self, name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], *args: Any) ->None:
         """Delete records.
@@ -118,7 +139,39 @@ class UpdateMessage(dns.message.Message):

                 - rdtype, [string...]
         """
-        pass
+        if isinstance(name, str):
+            name = dns.name.from_text(name, None)
+        if len(args) == 0:
+            rrset = self.find_rrset(self.update, name, dns.rdataclass.ANY,
+                                    dns.rdatatype.ANY, True, True)
+        elif isinstance(args[0], dns.rdataset.Rdataset):
+            rrset = self.find_rrset(self.update, name,
+                                    args[0].rdclass,
+                                    args[0].rdtype,
+                                    True, True)
+            for rd in args[0]:
+                rrset.add(rd)
+        else:
+            if isinstance(args[0], dns.rdata.Rdata):
+                rdclass = args[0].rdclass
+                rdtype = args[0].rdtype
+                args = args[:]
+                rd = args.pop(0)
+                rrset = self.find_rrset(self.update, name,
+                                        rdclass, rdtype,
+                                        True, True)
+                rrset.add(rd)
+            else:
+                rdtype = args[0]
+                rdclass = self.zone_rdclass
+                rrset = self.find_rrset(self.update, name,
+                                        rdclass, rdtype,
+                                        True, True)
+            for arg in args[1:]:
+                rd = dns.rdata.from_text(rdclass, rdtype, arg,
+                                         origin=self.origin,
+                                         relativize=False)
+                rrset.add(rd)

     def replace(self, name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], *args: Any) ->None:
         """Replace records.
@@ -135,7 +188,7 @@ class UpdateMessage(dns.message.Message):
         Note that if you want to replace the entire node, you should do
         a delete of the name followed by one or more calls to add.
         """
-        pass
+        self._add(True, self.update, name, *args)

     def present(self, name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], *args: Any) ->None:
         """Require that an owner name (and optionally an rdata type,
@@ -151,13 +204,58 @@ class UpdateMessage(dns.message.Message):

                 - rdtype, string...
         """
-        pass
+        if isinstance(name, str):
+            name = dns.name.from_text(name, None)
+        if len(args) == 0:
+            rrset = self.find_rrset(self.prerequisite, name,
+                                    dns.rdataclass.ANY,
+                                    dns.rdatatype.ANY,
+                                    False, True, True)
+        elif isinstance(args[0], dns.rdataset.Rdataset):
+            rrset = self.find_rrset(self.prerequisite, name,
+                                    self.zone_rdclass,
+                                    args[0].rdtype,
+                                    False, True, True)
+            for rd in args[0]:
+                rrset.add(rd)
+        else:
+            if isinstance(args[0], dns.rdata.Rdata):
+                rdclass = self.zone_rdclass
+                rdtype = args[0].rdtype
+                args = args[:]
+                rdata = args.pop(0)
+                rrset = self.find_rrset(self.prerequisite, name,
+                                        rdclass, rdtype,
+                                        False, True, True)
+                rrset.add(rdata)
+            else:
+                rdtype = args[0]
+                rdclass = self.zone_rdclass
+                rrset = self.find_rrset(self.prerequisite, name,
+                                        rdclass, rdtype,
+                                        False, True, True)
+            for arg in args[1:]:
+                rdata = dns.rdata.from_text(rdclass, rdtype, arg,
+                                            origin=self.origin,
+                                            relativize=False)
+                rrset.add(rdata)

     def absent(self, name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], rdtype: Optional[
         Union[dns.rdatatype.RdataType, str]]=None) ->None:
         """Require that an owner name (and optionally an rdata type) does
         not exist as a prerequisite to the execution of the update."""
-        pass
+        if isinstance(name, str):
+            name = dns.name.from_text(name, None)
+        if rdtype is None:
+            rrset = self.find_rrset(self.prerequisite, name,
+                                    dns.rdataclass.NONE,
+                                    dns.rdatatype.ANY,
+                                    False, True, True)
+        else:
+            rdtype = dns.rdatatype.RdataType.make(rdtype)
+            rrset = self.find_rrset(self.prerequisite, name,
+                                    dns.rdataclass.NONE,
+                                    rdtype, False, True, True)


 Update = UpdateMessage
diff --git a/dns/versioned.py b/dns/versioned.py
index d716a34..f8ef94b 100644
--- a/dns/versioned.py
+++ b/dns/versioned.py
@@ -67,7 +67,12 @@ class Zone(dns.zone.Zone):
         """Set a pruning policy that retains up to the specified number
         of versions
         """
-        pass
+        if max_versions is None:
+            self._pruning_policy = self._default_pruning_policy
+        else:
+            def max_versions_policy(zone: 'Zone', version: Version) -> Optional[bool]:
+                return len(zone._versions) > max_versions
+            self._pruning_policy = max_versions_policy

     def set_pruning_policy(self, policy: Optional[Callable[['Zone', Version
         ], Optional[bool]]]) ->None:
@@ -82,4 +87,7 @@ class Zone(dns.zone.Zone):
         time the function returns `False`, the checking stops.  I.e. the
         retained versions are always a consecutive sequence.
         """
-        pass
+        if policy is None:
+            self._pruning_policy = self._default_pruning_policy
+        else:
+            self._pruning_policy = policy
diff --git a/dns/win32util.py b/dns/win32util.py
index aee6d5a..417414f 100644
--- a/dns/win32util.py
+++ b/dns/win32util.py
@@ -32,6 +32,20 @@ if sys.platform == 'win32':
             def __init__(self):
                 super().__init__()
                 self.info = DnsInfo()
+
+            def run(self):
+                pythoncom.CoInitialize()
+                try:
+                    c = wmi.WMI()
+                    for interface in c.Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration(IPEnabled=True):
+                        if interface.DNSDomain:
+                            self.info.domain = interface.DNSDomain
+                        if interface.DNSServerSearchOrder:
+                            self.info.nameservers.extend(interface.DNSServerSearchOrder)
+                        if interface.DNSDomainSuffixSearchOrder:
+                            self.info.search.extend(interface.DNSDomainSuffixSearchOrder)
+                finally:
+                    pythoncom.CoUninitialize()
     else:


@@ -46,7 +60,36 @@ if sys.platform == 'win32':

         def get(self):
             """Extract resolver configuration from the Windows registry."""
-            pass
+            try:
+                with winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
+                                    r'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters') as key:
+                    self.info.domain = winreg.QueryValueEx(key, 'Domain')[0]
+            except WindowsError:
+                pass
+
+            try:
+                with winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
+                                    r'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters') as key:
+                    search = winreg.QueryValueEx(key, 'SearchList')[0]
+                    self.info.search = search.split(',')
+            except WindowsError:
+                pass
+
+            try:
+                with winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
+                                    r'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces') as key:
+                    for i in range(winreg.QueryInfoKey(key)[0]):
+                        try:
+                            interface_key = winreg.OpenKey(key, winreg.EnumKey(key, i))
+                            nameservers = winreg.QueryValueEx(interface_key, 'NameServer')[0]
+                            if nameservers:
+                                self.info.nameservers.extend(nameservers.split(','))
+                        except WindowsError:
+                            pass
+            except WindowsError:
+                pass
+
+            return self.info
     _getter_class: Any
     if _have_wmi and _prefer_wmi:
         _getter_class = _WMIGetter
@@ -55,4 +98,10 @@ if sys.platform == 'win32':

     def get_dns_info():
         """Extract resolver configuration."""
-        pass
+        getter = _getter_class()
+        if isinstance(getter, _WMIGetter):
+            getter.start()
+            getter.join()
+        else:
+            getter.get()
+        return getter.info
diff --git a/dns/xfr.py b/dns/xfr.py
index 3d6d66f..4207cb7 100644
--- a/dns/xfr.py
+++ b/dns/xfr.py
@@ -74,7 +74,49 @@ class Inbound:

         Returns `True` if the transfer is complete, and `False` otherwise.
         """
-        pass
+        if message.rcode() != dns.rcode.NOERROR:
+            raise TransferError(message.rcode())
+
+        if self.done:
+            return True
+
+        for rrset in message.answer:
+            if rrset.rdtype == dns.rdatatype.SOA:
+                self._process_soa(rrset)
+            else:
+                self._process_rrset(rrset)
+
+        if self.done:
+            if self.txn:
+                self.txn.commit()
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def _process_soa(self, rrset):
+        if self.soa_rdataset is None:
+            self.soa_rdataset = rrset
+            if self.txn is None:
+                self.txn = self.txn_manager.writer()
+            if self.rdtype == dns.rdatatype.IXFR:
+                if dns.serial.Serial(rrset[0].serial) <= dns.serial.Serial(self.serial):
+                    raise SerialWentBackwards()
+                self.delete_mode = True
+            self.txn.replace(self.origin, rrset)
+        elif self.expecting_SOA:
+            self.expecting_SOA = False
+            if self.rdtype == dns.rdatatype.IXFR:
+                self.delete_mode = not self.delete_mode
+        else:
+            self.done = True
+
+    def _process_rrset(self, rrset):
+        if self.txn is None:
+            self.txn = self.txn_manager.writer()
+        if self.delete_mode:
+            self.txn.delete(rrset.name, rrset)
+        else:
+            self.txn.add(rrset.name, rrset)
+        self.expecting_SOA = True

     def __enter__(self):
         return self
@@ -111,7 +153,34 @@ def make_query(txn_manager: dns.transaction.TransactionManager, serial:

     Returns a `(query, serial)` tuple.
     """
-    pass
+    rdtype = dns.rdatatype.AXFR
+    current_serial = None
+    origin, _, _ = txn_manager.origin_information()
+
+    if serial is not None:
+        rdtype = dns.rdatatype.IXFR
+        if serial == 0:
+            with txn_manager.reader() as txn:
+                try:
+                    current_serial = txn.get(origin, dns.rdatatype.SOA)[0].serial
+                except KeyError:
+                    rdtype = dns.rdatatype.AXFR
+        else:
+            current_serial = serial
+
+    query = dns.message.make_query(origin, rdtype, use_edns=use_edns,
+                                   ednsflags=ednsflags, payload=payload,
+                                   request_payload=request_payload,
+                                   options=options)
+
+    if rdtype == dns.rdatatype.IXFR:
+        query.authority = [dns.rrset.from_text(origin, 0, 'IN', 'SOA',
+                                               f'{origin} 0 0 0 0 0 {current_serial}')]
+
+    if keyring is not None:
+        query.use_tsig(keyring, keyname, algorithm=keyalgorithm)
+
+    return query, current_serial


 def extract_serial_from_query(query: dns.message.Message) ->Optional[int]:
@@ -123,4 +192,24 @@ def extract_serial_from_query(query: dns.message.Message) ->Optional[int]:
     Raises if the query is not an IXFR or AXFR, or if an IXFR doesn't have
     an appropriate SOA RRset in the authority section.
     """
-    pass
+    if not isinstance(query, dns.message.QueryMessage):
+        raise ValueError("query must be a dns.message.QueryMessage")
+
+    if len(query.question) != 1:
+        raise ValueError("query must have exactly one question")
+
+    qname, qtype, _ = query.question[0]
+
+    if qtype == dns.rdatatype.AXFR:
+        return None
+    elif qtype == dns.rdatatype.IXFR:
+        if len(query.authority) != 1:
+            raise ValueError("IXFR query must have exactly one SOA in the authority section")
+
+        rrset = query.authority[0]
+        if rrset.rdtype != dns.rdatatype.SOA:
+            raise ValueError("IXFR authority section must contain an SOA record")
+
+        return rrset[0].serial
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("query must be an IXFR or AXFR request")
diff --git a/dns/zone.py b/dns/zone.py
index 464b98d..154fc9d 100644
--- a/dns/zone.py
+++ b/dns/zone.py
@@ -156,7 +156,14 @@ class Zone(dns.transaction.TransactionManager):

         Returns a ``dns.node.Node``.
         """
-        pass
+        name = self._validate_name(name)
+        node = self.nodes.get(name)
+        if node is None:
+            if not create:
+                raise KeyError(f"Node '{name}' does not exist")
+            node = self.node_factory()
+            self.nodes[name] = node
+        return node

     def get_node(self, name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], create: bool=False
         ) ->Optional[dns.node.Node]:
@@ -176,7 +183,10 @@ class Zone(dns.transaction.TransactionManager):

         Returns a ``dns.node.Node`` or ``None``.
         """
-        pass
+        try:
+            return self.find_node(name, create)
+        except KeyError:
+            return None

     def delete_node(self, name: Union[dns.name.Name, str]) ->None:
         """Delete the specified node if it exists.
@@ -188,7 +198,9 @@ class Zone(dns.transaction.TransactionManager):

         It is not an error if the node does not exist.
         """
-        pass
+        name = self._validate_name(name)
+        if name in self.nodes:
+            del self.nodes[name]

     def find_rdataset(self, name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], rdtype: Union[
         dns.rdatatype.RdataType, str], covers: Union[dns.rdatatype.
@@ -227,7 +239,17 @@ class Zone(dns.transaction.TransactionManager):

         Returns a ``dns.rdataset.Rdataset``.
         """
-        pass
+        node = self.find_node(name, create)
+        rdtype = dns.rdatatype.RdataType.make(rdtype)
+        covers = dns.rdatatype.RdataType.make(covers)
+        for rdataset in node.rdatasets:
+            if rdataset.rdtype == rdtype and rdataset.covers == covers:
+                return rdataset
+        if create:
+            rdataset = dns.rdataset.Rdataset(self.rdclass, rdtype, covers)
+            node.rdatasets.append(rdataset)
+            return rdataset
+        raise KeyError(f"rdataset with rdtype '{rdtype}' and covers '{covers}' does not exist")

     def get_rdataset(self, name: Union[dns.name.Name, str], rdtype: Union[
         dns.rdatatype.RdataType, str], covers: Union[dns.rdatatype.
diff --git a/dns/zonefile.py b/dns/zonefile.py
index c5e5731..d7d42a4 100644
--- a/dns/zonefile.py
+++ b/dns/zonefile.py
@@ -74,12 +74,79 @@ class Reader:

     def _rr_line(self):
         """Process one line from a DNS zone file."""
-        pass
+        token = self.tok.get()
+        if token.is_whitespace():
+            token = self.tok.get()
+        if token.is_eol():
+            return
+        self.tok.unget(token)
+        
+        (name, ttl, rdclass, rdtype, covers) = self.tok.get_rr_header()
+        if self.force_name is not None:
+            name = self.force_name
+        if self.force_ttl is not None:
+            ttl = self.force_ttl
+        if self.force_rdclass is not None:
+            rdclass = self.force_rdclass
+        if self.force_rdtype is not None:
+            rdtype = self.force_rdtype
+        
+        if name is None:
+            name = self.last_name
+        else:
+            self.last_name = name
+        if ttl is None:
+            ttl = self.last_ttl
+            if ttl is None:
+                ttl = self.default_ttl
+        else:
+            self.last_ttl = ttl
+        if rdclass is None:
+            rdclass = self.zone_rdclass
+        
+        token = self.tok.get()
+        if not token.is_identifier():
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError
+        
+        rd = dns.rdata.from_text(rdclass, rdtype, token.value,
+                                 origin=self.current_origin,
+                                 relativize=self.relativize)
+        self.txn.add(name, ttl, rd)

     def _generate_line(self):
         """Process one line containing the GENERATE statement from a DNS
         zone file."""
-        pass
+        token = self.tok.get()
+        if not token.is_identifier() or token.value != '$GENERATE':
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError
+
+        start = self.tok.get().value
+        stop = self.tok.get().value
+        step = self.tok.get().value
+        pattern = self.tok.get().value
+        ttl = self.default_ttl
+        rdclass = self.zone_rdclass
+        rdtype = None
+        covers = dns.rdatatype.NONE
+
+        token = self.tok.get()
+        if token.is_identifier():
+            rdtype = dns.rdatatype.from_text(token.value)
+            token = self.tok.get()
+            if token.is_identifier():
+                covers = dns.rdatatype.from_text(token.value)
+        
+        if not token.is_eol_or_eof():
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError
+
+        for i in dns.grange.from_text(start, stop, step):
+            name = pattern.replace('$', str(i))
+            name = dns.name.from_text(name, self.current_origin)
+            rdata = pattern.replace('$', str(i))
+            rd = dns.rdata.from_text(rdclass, rdtype, rdata,
+                                     origin=self.current_origin,
+                                     relativize=self.relativize)
+            self.txn.add(name, ttl, rd)

     def read(self) ->None:
         """Read a DNS zone file and build a zone object.
@@ -87,7 +154,41 @@ class Reader:
         @raises dns.zone.NoSOA: No SOA RR was found at the zone origin
         @raises dns.zone.NoNS: No NS RRset was found at the zone origin
         """
-        pass
+        try:
+            while True:
+                token = self.tok.get(True, True)
+                if token.is_eof():
+                    break
+                if token.is_eol():
+                    continue
+                self.tok.unget(token)
+                if token.value == '$GENERATE':
+                    self._generate_line()
+                elif token.value.startswith('$'):
+                    self._directive_line()
+                else:
+                    self._rr_line()
+        except dns.exception.SyntaxError:
+            raise
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise dns.exception.SyntaxError(f"error reading zone: {e}")
+
+        # Check if SOA and NS records exist at the zone origin
+        has_soa = False
+        has_ns = False
+        for (name, rdataset) in self.txn._iterate_rdatasets():
+            if name == self.zone_origin:
+                if rdataset.rdtype == dns.rdatatype.SOA:
+                    has_soa = True
+                elif rdataset.rdtype == dns.rdatatype.NS:
+                    has_ns = True
+            if has_soa and has_ns:
+                break
+
+        if not has_soa:
+            raise dns.zone.NoSOA
+        if not has_ns:
+            raise dns.zone.NoNS


 class RRsetsReaderTransaction(dns.transaction.Transaction):
@@ -165,4 +266,37 @@ def read_rrsets(text: Any, name: Optional[Union[dns.name.Name, str]]=None,
     if ``False`` then any relative names in the input are made absolute by
     appending the *origin*.
     """
-    pass
+    if isinstance(text, str):
+        text = StringIO(text)
+    
+    tok = dns.tokenizer.Tokenizer(text, filename='<string>')
+    
+    if isinstance(origin, str):
+        origin = dns.name.from_text(origin, dns.name.root)
+    
+    if isinstance(default_rdclass, str):
+        default_rdclass = dns.rdataclass.from_text(default_rdclass)
+    
+    if isinstance(rdclass, str):
+        rdclass = dns.rdataclass.from_text(rdclass)
+    elif rdclass is None:
+        rdclass = default_rdclass
+    
+    if isinstance(rdtype, str):
+        rdtype = dns.rdatatype.from_text(rdtype)
+    
+    if isinstance(ttl, str):
+        ttl = dns.ttl.from_text(ttl)
+    
+    if isinstance(default_ttl, str):
+        default_ttl = dns.ttl.from_text(default_ttl)
+    
+    manager = RRSetsReaderManager(origin, relativize, rdclass)
+    with manager.transaction(True) as txn:
+        reader = Reader(tok, rdclass, txn, allow_include=False,
+                        allow_directives=False, force_name=name,
+                        force_ttl=ttl, force_rdclass=rdclass,
+                        force_rdtype=rdtype, default_ttl=default_ttl)
+        reader.read()
+    
+    return manager.rrsets